...later incorporated the concept into Federalist 51: "the great security of government . . . consists of giving to those who administer each department the...constitutional means, and personal motives, to resist the encroachments of others."9 The task of systematizing Witherspoon's eclectic mix of Whig politics,...

...James Madison's scheme of government emphasizes the control of faction and power in the belief that "the great security against a gradual concentration...personal motives to resist encroachments of the others" (The Federalist, No. 51). Jeremy Rabkin (1987, 199) summarizes Madisonian logic: "Power is widely distributed...

...the legislature in this particular, their independence in every other would be merely nominal. But the great security against a gradual concentration...personal motives to resist encroachments of the others. The provision for defense must in this, as in all other cases, be made commensurate to the danger of...

...this problem is to provide the constitutional means for each department to protect itself from attack: [T]he great security against a gradual concentration...personal motives to resist encroachments of the others. The provision for defense must ... be made commensurate to the danger of attack. Ambition must be made...

...philosophy), but nowhere more vividly than in the following passage from The Federalist No. 51. But the great security against a gradual concentration...personal motives to resist encroachments of the others. The provision for defence must in this, as in all other cases, be made commensurate to the danger of...

...any one branch, thereby protecting individual liberties from encroachment. As Federalist 51 put it: The great security against a gradual concentration...personal motives to resist encroachments of the others. . . . Ambition must be made to counteract ambition. The interest of the man must be connected with...

...sufficient to restrain the several departments within their legal rights."7 Instead, he suggested, "the great security against a gradual concentration...constitutional means and personal motives to resist the encroachments of others."8 While this argument is usually associated with Madison's subsequent...

...power in a single department. 10 The best way of achieving this goal, in turn, is said to be to give 'those who administer each department the necessary...personal motives to resist encroachments of the others'." Importantly (because this statement on its own could be understood to favour the objectors' argument),...

...the second half of Federalist 5 1 's "double security" for protecting individual liberty. for it gave "those who administer each department the necessary...personal motives to resist encroachments of the others" (No. 51 . 290. 291 ). As with federalism. however. separation of powers was also supposed to promote...

...seems inevitable in retrospect. As James Madison put it, the separation of powers, by design, gives "to those who administer each department the necessary...and personal motives to resist encroachments of the others."133 The "advice and consent" power the Constitution gives the Senate enables that body to calibrate...