Roanoke: The Abandoned ColonyIn telling the tragic and heroic story of Roanoke, the lost colony, award-winning historian Karen Ordahl Kupperman recovers the earliest days of English exploration and settlement in America the often forgotten years before Jamestown and the landing of the Mayflower. Roanoke explores Britain s attempt to establish a firm claim to North America in the hope that colonies would make England wealthy and powerful. Kupperman brings to life the men and women who struggled to carve out a settlement in an inhospitable environment on the Carolina coast and the complex Native American cultures they encountered. She reveals the mixture of goals and challenges that led to the colony s eventual abandonment, and discusses the theories about what might have become of the first English settlers in the New World as they adapted to life as Indians. With a new preface and afterword written by the author, Roanoke: The Abandoned Colony brings the fascinating story of America s earliest settlement up-to-date, bringing together new work from scholars in a variety of fields. The story of Roanoke remains endlessly fascinating. It is a tale marked by courage, miscalculation, exhilaration, intrigue, and mystery." |
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Contents
ENGLANDS BID FOR GREATNESS | 1 |
THE FIRST COLONY A MILITARY OUTPOST | 13 |
EXPECTATIONS | 25 |
THE CAROLINA ALGONQUIANS ON THE EVE OF COLONIZATION | 41 |
THE STRAINED RELATIONSHIP OF INDIANS AND COLONISTS | 65 |
THE DEBATE OVER COLONIES | 87 |
A GENUINE SETTLEMENT | 105 |
ABANDONMENT AT ROANOKE | 119 |
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apparently Armada arrived attack Barlowe became began believed boats Brief and True captured Carolina Algonquians century Chesapeake Bay chief colony's command commodities Croatoan Croatoan Island culture Drake early Elizabeth Elizabethan England English ships European expedition experience exploration Fernandez fish goal governor Granganimeo Grenville Grenville's Guiana harbor hundred Indians investors involved Ireland James Jamestown John White knew land Lane's colony later leaders lish lived London lost colonists mainland Manteo Menatonon merchants never North America Outer Banks party Pemisapan Pemisapan/Wingina pinnace plans privateering promoters Queen Ralph Lane reported Richard Hakluyt Roanoke colonists Roanoke colony Roanoke Island Roanoke's sailed sailors sent settlement settlers Sir Walter Ralegh Skiko Spain Spanish Spanish treasure fleet story success supplies Theodor De Bry Thomas Harriot thought tion trade treasure fleet tribe ture venture village Virginia Company voyage Weapemeocs West Indies White's paintings Wingina women wrote