Modernism, Male Friendship, and the First World WarSarah Cole examines the rich literary and cultural history of masculine intimacy in the twentieth century. Cole approaches this complex and neglected topic from many perspectives - as a reflection of the exceptional social power wielded by the institutions that housed and structured male bonds; as a matter of closeted and thwarted homoerotics; as part of the story of the First World War. Cole shows that the terrain of masculine fellowship provides an important context for understanding key literary features of the modernist period. She foregrounds such crucial themes as the over-determined relations between imperial wanderers in Conrad's tales, the broken friendships that permeate Forster's fictions, Lawrence's desperate urge to make culture out of blood brotherhood and the intense bereavement of the war poet. Cole argues that these dramas of compelling and often tortured male friendship have helped to define a particular spirit and voice within the literary canon. |
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Page 21
... language about friendship would seem to proceed directly out of Forster's personal fantasies , to function in part as a sexualization of his humanist ideal . Moreover , when Forster imagines male bonds as a tempting alternative to the ...
... language about friendship would seem to proceed directly out of Forster's personal fantasies , to function in part as a sexualization of his humanist ideal . Moreover , when Forster imagines male bonds as a tempting alternative to the ...
Page 22
... language functions as a note of un- comfortable critique. Far from nurturing a decadent fantasy of ascendant friendship, Forster would eventually shatter that gilded image. Although Forster's elegiac tone may seem to suggest that his ...
... language functions as a note of un- comfortable critique. Far from nurturing a decadent fantasy of ascendant friendship, Forster would eventually shatter that gilded image. Although Forster's elegiac tone may seem to suggest that his ...
Page 27
... language bor- rows quite liberally from the rhetoric of Christianity. Though Carpenter's mystical vision shares little with conventional religious discourse, he consis- tently presents his goal in terms of its potential to transform ...
... language bor- rows quite liberally from the rhetoric of Christianity. Though Carpenter's mystical vision shares little with conventional religious discourse, he consis- tently presents his goal in terms of its potential to transform ...
Page 28
... language of its own (what Wayne Koestenbaum calls a mode of “double talk”), and pub- lished their work in specific journals, such as the Artist.16 In lavish prose and verse, they celebrated the beauty of the youthful male body (like Car ...
... language of its own (what Wayne Koestenbaum calls a mode of “double talk”), and pub- lished their work in specific journals, such as the Artist.16 In lavish prose and verse, they celebrated the beauty of the youthful male body (like Car ...
Page 33
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Contents
1 | |
21 | |
CHAPTER 2 Conradian alienation and imperial intimacy | 92 |
friendship and comradeship at war | 138 |
DHLawrence and the aftermath of war | 185 |
Notes | 252 |
Index | 292 |
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Common terms and phrases
Aaron’s aesthetic aestheticized alienation Birkin British Cambridge Carpenter’s century characterized civilian combat comradeship Conrad conventional create critics cultural D. H. Lawrence death desire discussion E. M. Forster England English erotic ethos Fiction figure former soldiers Forster gender Greek Heart of Darkness Hellenism homoerotic homosexual idea ideal imagined imperial individual institutions isolation Joseph Conrad Kemp kind language Lawrence’s literary literature London Longest Journey Lord Jim male body male bonds male community male fellowship male friendship male intimacy male love male relations Marlow masculine Maurice men’s modernist modernity narrative novel organization Oxford Passage to India Pater perhaps physical poem poet political post-war problem public schools racial represents returned rituals romance Sassoon seems sense Septimus sexual Shere Ali social spirit story stress structure suggests Symonds T. S. Eliot text’s tradition University Press Victorian voice war’s women Women in Love Woolf writing York