retary, and Edwin H. Harvey, treasurer. Advisory Council: Philip Marvel, Sr.; W. Blair Stewart; Walt P. Conaway, and William Edgar Darnall. Chairmen of subcommittees: Finance, W. Blair Stewart; Entertainment, Walt P. Conaway; Hotels, David B. Allman; Halls and Meeting Places, William J. Carrington; Scientific Exhibits, Samuel Stern; Registration, Ward D. Scanlan; Section Work, Philip Marvel, Jr.; Diagnostic Clinics, Richard Bew; Technical Exhibit, I. E. Leonard; Reception Committee, Coulter Charlton; First Aid, John T. Beckwith; Printing, Joseph H. Marcus; Section Entertainment, Samuel Barbash; Alumni and Fraternal Entertainment, Worth Clark; Programs, Edward Uzzell; Information, Byron Davis; Tegraph and Telephone, Joseph Poland; Badges, Harold S. Davidson; Women Physicians, Clara K. Bartlett, and Women's Committee of Entertainment, Mrs. Worth Clark.

DAYLIGHT SAVING TIME

Daylight saving time, which is one hour ahead of Eastern Standard time, will be in effect in Atlantic City in May.

HYGIENE AND

J. W. Kerr, Chairman, United States Public
Health Service

A. T. McCormack, Kentucky

Charles O'Donovan, Maryland
D. E. Sullivan, New Hampshire

PUBLIC HEALTH

B. L. Bryant, Maine
Henry Boswell, Mississippi
Southgate Leigh, Virginia

AMENDMENTS TO CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS

Edward Livingston Hunt, Chairman, New
York

George F. Keiper, Indiana

REPORTS OF BOARD OF

E. Eliot Harris, Chairman, New York
J. Newton Hunsberger, Pennsylvania
H. M. Brown, Wisconsin

Jere L. Crook, Tennessee
D. E. McGillivray, Washington
E. P. Sloan, Illinois

TRUSTEES AND SECRETARY

J. A. Pettit, Oregon
Holman Taylor, Texas

Every member has at times been importuned to boost Hygeia, the magazine of health published by the Association. Perhaps you have wondered about the "endresults" of some of your suggestions to friends or patients that they should subscribe to the magazine. Dropping a good word for Hygeia may not always result in an immediate order, but ultimately may have an important influence. is an instance well worth relating.

Here

Recently, without direct solicitation or any apparent reasons, a lumber company in Louisiana sent in an order for fifteen subscriptions. In making acknowledgment, casual interest was expressed as to how the manager came to know of Hygeia. This is how it came about: The sister of the manager's wife is a hospital intern in a distant state. She being thoroughly convinced of the value of Hygeia, suggested that the manager ought by all means to have it in his home. He liked it so well as a family magazine that he soon saw it would be a good business investment to have his employes also reading the magazine each month. One simple suggestion thus produced fifteen subscriptions for Hygeia.

In another case, a paper manufacturing concern sent in an order for fiftyseven subscriptions for its employees. It is reasonable to suppose that the inspiration for this order also came from a physician friend or from the medical adviser of the company.

Recommending Hygeia to patients or friends is not an onerous duty. It is an opportunity for the physician to properly direct the health reading habits of his patients. It is a service which patients always appreciate. Hygeia's influence for good will know no limits if the 150,000 physicians of this country explain its merits whenever the occasion presents itself.

Not only in America, but in foreign countries as well, do subscriptions to Hygeia result from physicians' recommendations. Through the Rockefeller Foundation the magazine is now going to Rome, Italy, and to Java in the East Indies. In the Philippine Islands the Mission Hospital in Dumaguete has subscribed through the medical director and even farther away, in Johannesburg, South Africa, Hygeia is making its influence felt. The Superintendent of the Department of Sanitation of the famous Rand Mines in the Transvaal has been a subscriber since the magazine was started. He writes that certain articles from Hygeia have been broadcast from the Johannesburg radio station.

It is sometimes stated that "What is everybody's business is nobody's business." That does not apply to physicians and their magazine of health, Hygeia. You as an individual practicing physician want the people of your community to have proper information about health and disease. Without leadership and activity on your part, the teachings of fakers, quacks and cultists may look even more plausible than the tenets of scientific medicine. When you call the roll of your patients and friends, are there not some who would immediately welcome your suggestion that they have Hygeia coming regularly to their homes, and that they have it placed in their schools, industrial concerns and hospitals?

Remember our study in numbers: One doctor's recommendation resulted in fifteen Hygeia subscriptions. Perhaps you can better the measure. It is worth trying.

THE

ILLINOIS LAY

EDUCATION COMMITTEE

H. M. CAMP, M.D.

Secretary, Illinois State Medical Society

MONMOUTH, ILL.

In making an investigation of the records of the department of public health, at Springfield, we were surprised to find that during the year 1923 there were sixty-five different types of organizations applying to the department for assistance in conducting some phase of health work. Among these were various dinner clubs and religious, fraternal, and many other kinds of lay organizations.

We tried to analyze the situation to determine why so many organizations should interest themselves in work of this kind, aside from the humanitarian motives that may have activated them. Why do they attempt to deal with matters pertaining to health, and not those pertaining to law or some of the many other problems of important interest to the citizens of Illinois?

At the annual meeting of the Illinois State Medical Society two years ago, the House of Delegates authorized the inauguration of some plan of health education for laymen. A committee was appointed to make a thorough investigation of the question and to devise some plan of work. An appeal was made to the members of our society for voluntary subscriptions to start the work. assessment on the members of the society was not resorted to. There were a considerable number of organizations willing to undertake the work for the society for approximately the amount that was collected the first year. All propositions were carefully investigated, and finally the committee made a definite recommendation to the council in March, 1924, which resulted in the selection of Miss B. C. Keller, as director of the Lay Education Committee. With Miss Keller at the helm, and under direction at all times of the committee, the work was begun.

Several very important questions were considered.

1. The meaning of and necessity for a single standard for all who wish to be licensed to practice the healing art.

2. Preventive medicine; ways and means of cooperating with the physicians.

3. The desirability of opposing legislation that would have a tendency to place the practice of medicine under federal bureaus.

4. Team work between the profession and lay organizations in matters pertaining to health.

Work has been prosecuted through a number of avenues:

1. Through the speaker's bureau. The speaker's bureau has supplied 219 medical speakers during the past year to lay organizations in Illinois. All material was furnished by the Lay Education Committee, and traveling expenses paid for about one third of this number. No speaker talked in his own community. In addition to this service, moving picture films on health subjects have been shown to ninety-seven audiences.

2. Newspaper publicity. Some three or four hundred newspapers in Illinois have published data given out by the committee, all built around news-no propaganda.

3. The use of the radio. Some twenty-five or thirty talks have been made from three radio broadcasting stations in Chicago. During the next year we hope to enlarge this branch of service, and have more talks of interest to the laymen,

4. Through magazines. Quite a number of magazines have asserted their willingness to print articles well written on health matters of interest to their readers. Some work of this sort has already been done, and it is a field to be enlarged this year.

5. Through various organizations. A considerable number of women's clubs, women's auxiliaries and other organizations have shown a remarkable spirit of cooperation with the director and her committee. Successful health conferences have been held in various parts of the state, and competent speakers have been used, in the programs. Conferences with the Illinois Association of Graduate Nurses have also been held, and the results of these various meetings have been encouraging. In each of nearly fifty counties of Illinois a county organization has been effected, to line up the various health activities directly under the supervision of the medical men. During the present year we hope to have a similar organization in every county.

6. Service for lay organizations and for physicians. Material is sent on request, to either lay organizations or to medical men as it is requested.

In addition to the work as briefly outlined here, many other things have been done, and the demand for service is increasing day by day. The work of the council has been easier, and new fields have been entered. Other health organizations have asserted their willingness to cooperate with, and work under, the supervision of the county medical societies. This applies particularly to clinics throughout the state. One of the first organizations to offer complete cooperation is the Illinois Tuberculosis Association, which voted to conduct its clinics in the various counties entirely under such supervision, and going into the counties on application from these medical organizations.

That there is a demand for such service is shown daily from the many applications for assistance, talks, literature, and appeals for an organization in counties not yet reached by the committee and the director.

We believe that there is bound to be a better feeling in the profession, and a closer cooperation with the many organizations which previously undertook work of this sort on their own responsibility, so that in the future, in Illinois, all health activities will be conducted and sponsored as they should be, under medical supervision.

THE

INCORPORATION OF MEDICAL SOCIETIES

HORACE MANCHESTER

BROWN, M.D.

MILWAUKEE

Some years ago I put together a sort of model form for the organization, under articles of incorporation, of any medical body.

The general form is elastic. Under it, the business side of any scientific society is divorced from the societies' scientific work, which, in my opinion, is at very important consideration.

No medical society can function to its greatest efficiency so long as the greater part (often) of its meetings is taken up by consideration of the "business side" of the society.

The present mode of procedure in most medical societies permits of no method of elimination of undesirable members, the "board of censors" method being absolutely without value.

The present form of organization of medical societies permits and engenders a lot of politics, and is destructive of the very harmony it professes to desire. At the meetings, hours of time are lost in jangling over petty affairs, and it is small wonder that the members present become disgusted, and the attendance falls off.

Under the present form, a lot of political minded members get the upper hand, and, as is the case under the plottings of such men-with whom plotting. is a disease—the interest of other members lags, and the society dies of dry rot. The "board of censors" method of elimination of undesirables is a hopeless failure and that failure fills the "higher purpose" men with disgust with the society in toto.

Hours of wrangling among the political minded use up time and naturally cause diminished attendance by the very men who are most desirable.

Etc., etc., etc., ad infinitum.

By the method which has been used by me for incorporation of the societies, all that is removed.

The following clause is in the introductory article of the articles of incorporation, in which the purposes and aims of the county society are set forth, in my form of incorporation. It is clear from the clause that incorporation does not in any way affect the present system of forming a basis for the existence of the American Medical Association.

The further purpose of the said society shall be to bring into one organization the physicians and surgeons of Milwaukee County, so that by frequent meetings and full and frank interchange of views, they may secure such intelligent unity and harmony in every phase of their labor as shall elevate and make effective the opinions of the profession in all scientific, legislative, public health, material and social affairs, to the end that the profession may receive that respect and support within its ranks and from the community to which its honorable history and great achievements entitle it; and with the other county societies, to form the State Medical Society of Wisconsin, and through it with other state associations, to form the American Medical Association.

You will see at once that the present state charter remains in force, is in no way annulled, but on the contrary is strengthened in its purpose.

In incorporating such a society, it is of the greatest importance that no one of the possible purposes of the said society should be left out of the list of such purposes that might by any contingency of the future be desirable.

EDITOR'S NOTE.-Dr. Brown's criticism of the methods of procedure and the plan of organization now in use by many, in fact, most county societies is rather severe. If his criticisms are justified and if incorporation will remove the basis on which they are founded, certainly every society should proceed to incorporate. A number of our larger county societies are now incorporated bodies. Members of some societies, however, are opposed to incorporation. This subject is one that may well be discussed in the columns of the BULLETIN.

WHAT IS

CHIROPRACTIC? SOME LEGAL DEFINITIONS

W. C. WOODWARD, M.D.

Executive Secretary, Bureau of Legal Medicine and Legislation, American Medical Association

CHICAGO

Chiropractors, asking recognition for chiropractic as a distinct method of detecting and curing human ailments, seek to have legislators and the public believe that their cult is founded on the dogma that subluxated vertebrae impinge on spinal nerves and thus cause all ills to which the human flesh is heir. The statutes enacted by our several legislatures to recognize chiropractic as an independent mode of healing show, however, that the word, "chiropractic" has varied in its statutory meaning from time to time and from place to place, variations being limited apparently only by the ability of the proponents of the cult to befuddle the legislatures.

KANSAS, 1913

The earliest statutory definition of chiropractic is apparently that enacted by Kansas in 1913 (Laws 1913, chap. 291). In it nothing is said as to vertebral subluxations. On the contrary the law provided:

Any chiropractor who has complied with the provisions of this act may adjust by hand any displaced tissue of any kind or nature, but shall not prescribe for or administer to any person, any medicine or drugs now or herafter included in materia medica, perform any minor surgery, only as hereinbefore stated, nor practice obstetrics.

Apparently, chiropractic was not yet ready to emblazon a subluxated vertebra on its ensign, and to repudiate its allegiance to magnetic healing. For even as late as 1911, the announcement of the Palmer School of Chiropractic proudly boasted:

The Palmer School of Magnetic Healing was organized and incorporated years before the Palmer School of Chiropractic was a reality. One was the outgrowth of the other. There is no place where the branch ends and the rose begins; so it was with chiropractic. It started when D. D. Palmer started, although not so known or so called. Chiropractic's beginning began when the man began practicing magnetic healing-under the classification we are justified in saying that "The P. S. C." in all reality started in 1885, although not so named until 1905.

ARKANSAS, 1915

Arkansas defined chiropractic in 1915 (Laws 1915, Act 126). Even yet the supremacy of the spine had not been established and chiropractic articles of faith permitted the devotees of the cult to roam at will in broader fields. For the Arkansas statute provided: