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XI.

[The words are taken from the Lesson-"America."]

angel (Gr. angelos, a messenger); ev-angel, the good message or news, the gospel; ev-angelist, the bringer of the good message or news, the writer of a gospel.

virtue (Lat. virtus [from vir, a man], originally manhood, then bravery, then high intellectual and moral qualities); virtu, orig. virtue, then love for the fine arts; virtuoso [virtuous], devoted to the fine arts; vir-ile, manly; vir-ago, a man-like, bold woman. vision, sight (Lat. video, visum, I see); vis-ible, able to be seen; in-visible; vis-ual, belonging to sight; view, to see, look at; re-view, to look at again; pro-vide, to look beforehand; pru-dent= pro-vident, looking before; pur-vey, to provide [food]; in-vid-ious, looking against, envying; envy Lat. invidia, looking unfavourably at; advice (ad-visum), according to what has seemed, opinion. peerage, the rank of peer or nobleman (Lat. par, equal); par-ity, equality; dis-parity, inequality; pair, two equal or similar things; com-peer, an equal, an associate; peer-less, without equal.

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XII.

[The words are taken from the Lesson—" Roots."]

filament, a small thread (Lat. filamentum, from filum, a thread); file (n.), a thread, or line; file (v.), to move in file; also defile; fillet, a small thread or band; pró-file, the front line of the face; en-filade, a line or straight passage, to rake a line with shot. tissue, something woven (Fr. tisser, to weave, Lat. texere); text; context, what is woven with, the connected part of a book; pretext, what is woven to conceal, a pretence; text-ure, a web, manner of weaving or arranging of parts; subtile, finely woven, delicately constructed (Lat. subtilis=subtexilis, finely woven); subtle, artful, crafty.

tender, delicate (Lat. tener, tender); note that d in this word is no part of the root but is due to the removal of the tongue from the palate after sounding n; so also gender from Lat. genus, generis, a kind; expound, from ex, out, and ponere, to place; impound, from in and pono; sound, from sonus; after the lips, which have been closed in sounding m, are opened to utter another sound, b naturally drops out, thus humble Lat. humilis; remember is from re and memorare, to call to mind; resemble, dissemble are from similis, like; chamber=Lat. camera; tremulus = tremble.

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XIII.

[The words in the following Lesson are taken from various parts of Reader VI.]

avenue, an approach (Fr. avenue=Lat. adventus, approach); advent, arrival; ad-venture [lit. about to come], to try what is to come, to risk; venture adventure; per-adventure, by chance. colossus, a gigantic statue of Apollo which bestrode the entrance to the harbour of Rhodes, a large statue; Coliseum or Colosseum, the famous amphitheatre at Rome, the largest in the world; coloss-al, like a colossus. chimerical, fanciful (Gr. chimaera, a she-goat, then a fabulous creature having a lion's head and serpent's tail attached to a goat's body); chimera, any creature of the imagination.

bishop, a curtailed word for episcopos, an overseer (Gr. epi, over, skopeo, I look or watch); bishop-ric (Ang. Sax. ric, rule, dominion), the jurisdiction of a bishop; episcopal, belonging to bishops; telescope, the instrument for viewing objects at a distance; scope, that at which an archer or quoit-player looks, a mark.

XIV.

Mayor, the chief magistrate of a city (Lat. major or maior, greater, from magnus); major, a person of full age, an officer next above a captain; mayor-alty (on analogy of royalty, admiralty). embrace, to take into the arms, to receive (Fr. em, in, and bras=

Lat. brachium, the arm); brace, what holds tightly; brace-let, a piece of armour or ornament for the arm; branch (?), the arm

of a tree.

secure, free from care (Lat. securus, from se, apart, and cura, care); sure secure; sine-cure (lit. without the cure of souls), office with salary but without work; en-sure, to make sure; sicker, sure (Scot. I mak siccar, I make sure).

magnet, the loadstone or lodestone (Gr. magnes, magnetis [the stone] of Magnesia, in Thessaly); magnetic; magnetism. electricity (Gr. electron, amber).

telephone (Gr. tēlē, far, and phone, a sound), the instrument for sounding at a distance; tele-graph, for writing at a distance; tele-scope, for looking at a distance.

XV.

peasant, a countryman (Lat. pagus, a village); pagan [a countryman], a heathen, because villagers longer rejected Christianity than those in cities; paynim or painim is also used for an unbeliever.

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purchase [to seek after], obtain, buy (Fr. pour, for, and chasser or chacer, to chase): compare "the swallow hath purchased a nest;" chasser Lat. captare, to catch; hence catch; cater; chase. chimney, a fireplace (Lat. caminus): note many words which in Latin begin with c through the influence of the Norman-French begin in English with ch: ex. gr. chamber, Lat. camera; chaste, pure (Lat. castus); chest, a box (Lat. cista); charm, a spell (Lat. carmen, a song); charnel, containing flesh (Lat. caro, carnis, flesh); chalk (Lat. calx, calcis, lime); chalice = calyx. treason, betraying the government (Lat. traditio, the act of giving up); traitor traditor, one who gives up; note these curtailments in the middle of a word-other examples are hotel for hospital (Lat. hospes, hospitis, a stranger); balm balsam; cousin = consanguineus, one related by blood.

XVI.

[Words directly from Latin contrasted with those which have come through the Norman-French.]

anoint, to pour oil on (Lat. in, on, and unguere, unctum, to smear or anoint), ointment; unc-tion, the act of anointing; unguent, ointment; note that those forms in ung and unc come directly from the Latin, the others through the Norman-French. empire, rule (Lat. imperium, command); emper-or; empress: note these words have passed into English through the Norman-French: imperial; imperious, &c., come directly from the Latin: so engine from ingenium, whence ingenious, ingenuity.

royal, belonging to a king (Lat. rex, regis, a king); royalist; royalty; royalism; note these all have come into English through the Norman-French: reg-al, reg-ale, reg-alia, reg-ality, reg-i- cide have come directly from the Latin.

loy-al, faithful to law (Lat. lex, legis, law) and loyal-ist have come into English through the Norman-French: legal, legalise, legislate, legitimate have come directly from the Latin.

lieutenant, officer next below a captain, orig. one holding the place of (Fr. lieu, place, tenant, holding, lieu Lat. locus, a place); in lieu, in place; local, locate, dislocate, locomotion, collocate have come directly from the Latin; couch collocare, to place: similarly, feu, fire (feu-de-joie, a firing in token of joy) = Lat. focus, a hearth or fire, hence focus, the point where rays meet, focal. journey, a day's travelling (Lat. diurnus, lasting for a day); journal, a daily register; ad-journ, to put off to another day; so-journ= sub-journ, to stay; note these words have come into English through the Norman-French: dial, diary, diurnal have come directly from the Lat. dies and diurnus.

VOCABULARY.

NOTE.-Those meanings are given which are required for the passages in the Sixth Reader in which the words occur.

Absorb, to drink or suck up.
Abstraction, absence of mind.
Abyss, a bottomless gulf.

Accent, stress on a word or syllable.
Accession, increase, addition.
Accommodate, to make suitable.
Acerbity, bitterness.

Adamantine, that cannot be broken.
Addict, (addicted) given up to.
Adequate, sufficient.
Adhere, to stick to.

Adjourn, to put off to another day.
Adoration, divine worship.
Advent, arrival.

Aeronaut, one who sails in the air.

Affability, readiness to converse.

Agency, that which does work.
Aggrandisement, making great.
Aggravated, exaggerated.

Aggregate, gathered or added together.

Aide-de-camp, one who carries a general's

orders.

Alien, strange, foreign.

Allay, to make quiet.

Allegiance, faithfulness to king, &c.

Allegory, a veiled description.

Alleviate, to lessen, make light.

Amber, a bright brownish yellow.

Ambition, desire for power.

Ambrosial, fragrant.

Amendment, an addition or alteration pro

posed to a bill.

Annihilate, to destroy utterly.

Annuity, a yearly allowance.

Antagonist, an opponent.

Antic, a fantastic or strange figure.

Antipodes, those living on the opposite side

of the globe.

Antiquity, times long past.

Apostle, one sent on a mission. Appal, to terrify.

Appendage, something added.

Apricot, a fruit like a plum.

Aquatic, belonging to water.

Arborous, formed by a tree.

Ardent, burning, eager.
Ardour, warmth, eagerness.

Arena, (sand) place of contest.

Aromatic, a fragrant plant.

Arrest, to bring to rest, to stop.

Artery, a chief blood-vessel, a principal street.

Articulate, divided into words, distinct.
Artistic, according to art.

Aspire, (to breathe after) strive to reach.
Assent, expression of agreement.
Assizes, (sittings) a county court.
Assuasive, softening.

Asthmatic, suffering from short breath.
Athlete, one engaged in conflict.
Attire, dress.

Augury, art of foretelling the future.
August, worthy of honour.
Auspicate, to begin.

Auspicious, having indications of success, prosperous.

Austere, harsh, severe.

Authentic, having authority, true.

Auxiliaries, troops in service of those at war. Avenue, an approach to a house with trees on either side.

Azure, of a sky-blue colour.

Barbarian (prop. one speaking a foreign language), a savage.

Bard, a poet.

Baronet, a lesser baron, a title next to that of a baron.

Bashfulness, want of confidence.

Bas-relief, also bass-relief, name given to

figures which stand out but not much.

Battalion, a body of men arrayed for battle. Bauble, a plaything.

Beacon, what warns of danger.

Behest, command, charge.

Benediction, blessing.

Beneficent, disposed to kind acts.

Besprint, or besprent, sprinkled over.

Bestial, brutish, vile.

Betimes, in good time, early.

Birthright, privilege due to birth.

Blend, to mingle.

Blithe, joyous, merry.

Bohea, a kind of tea.

Botanist, a student of plants.

Bounteous, liberal in giving.

Bourn, a boundary.

Brierie-berries, berries from the brier.

Brigade, a division of troops.

Brocade, a silk fabric.

Bronze, a figure made of bronze.

Brook, to endure, submit to.

Buffoon, one who amuses by low tricks or

jokes.

Buoyant, light, cheerful.

Burrow, a hole dug for shelter.

Calorific, heat-producing.

Calyx, a flower-cup.

Candid, (lit. white) fair, open.

Candidate, (lit. one clad in white) a person

seeking office.

Capacious, able to hold much.

Caparisoned, covered with cloth, adorned.

Capricious, freakful, changeable.

Career, to move rapidly.

Carnage, bloodshed.

Casual, accidental.

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a grave-yard.

Chaunt, song, melody.

Chequered, formed into small squares.
Chimerical, fanciful.

Chivalry, heroic adventure.

Choral, belonging to, sung in a choir.
Chronicle, a history.

Circulation, moving in a circle, sale.
Circumnavigate, to sail round.

Clarion, a trumpet with clear note.

Classic (lit. of the highest class), applied to land famous in history. Claymore, a large sword.

Clemency, mildness.

Clergy, the ministers of religion.

Club, an association of persons.

Cockpit, the room for the wounded on board ship.

Coffer, a chest for money.
Cogitating, thinking.

Cohort, the tenth of a legion: 400 to 600 men.
Coincidence, occurrence of events together.
Collation, comparison of books or writings.
Colonnade, a range of pillars.
Colossal, gigantic.

Commercial, relating to trade.

Commission, authority.

Compacted, firmly joined.

Compensate, to make up for.

Competitor, a rival or opponent.

Component, forming one of the elements. Compositor, one who sets up types. Compromise, a friendly agreement. Concave, a hollow, a vault.

Conceit, (verb) to think of.

Concert, to arrange beforehand.
Concord, agreement.

Condensation, bringing into smaller space.
Condole, to feel pain with, sympathise.
Confederated, leagued or bound together.
Corflagration, burning, flame.
Congruity, agreement.

Consecration, setting apart to what is sacred.

Conservatory, a greenhouse in which delicate plants are kept.

Consternation, terror, astonishment.
Constitution, arrangement.

Constellation, an assemblage of stars.
Construe, to understand.

Consummate, perfect.

Convex, hollow outwards.

Convivial, feasting together, jovial.

Coop, a cage for fowls.

Copiousness, plenty, abundance.

Cormorant, a voracious bird.

Coronal, a crown or garland.

Coronet, a small crown worn by nobles.

Corporation, body of men, allowed to act as an individual.

Courtesy, an act of respect.

Craftsman, a tradesman.

Cranks, turns of wit.

Credulity, readiness to believe.

Creed, religious belief.

Crescent, figure on Turkish standard, like

crescent moon.

Cricket, an insect whose wing-cases make a chirping noise.

Crisis, the decisive point.

Crisp, (verb) to make wavy.

Critical, on which much turns.

Crypt, underground room or cell.

Cumbent, lying or reclining.

Cýbele, or Cybéle, a Greek goddess, represented as wearing a crown of towers. Cylindrical, roller-shaped.

Dank, damp.
Dappled, spotted.

Debar, to shut off from.
Debauch, a drunken fit.
Deceased, departed, dead.
Decipher, to make out.

Decompose, to separate the parts of.
Decoy, to lead into a snare.
Dedicate, to set apart.

Dedicate dedicated, set apart.

Defiant, daring, challenging to fight.

Dejection, lowness of spirits.

Delineate, to describe accurately.
Deride, to laugh at.

Descant, to discourse at length.
Despite, disregard for.

Despondency, sinking of spirits.
Despotic, unlimited, uncontrolled.

Diadem, a head-band or fillet worn as a badge of royalty.

Dialect, a peculiar form of a language.

Dight, dressed.

Dignity, high office.

Diminution, lessening.

Dirge, a funeral song.

Disaster, misfortune, calamity.

Discrimination, the power of distinguishing

or observing differences.

Disinterment, taking out of the grave.

Dislocate, to put out of joint.

Dismantle, to strip of its fortifications.

Dispense, to deal out in portions.

Dispredden, spread out.

Dissipation, excess, drunkenness.

Dissolution, breaking up of the body, death. Ditty, a song,

Domain, territory.

Domestic, belonging to the house.
Domesticated, made tame.

Donjon, a fortress, a central tower in a castle.
Dramatic, belonging to a drama or play.
Dubitatingly, with hesitation.

Dullard, one of weak mind.

Ecclesiastical, belonging to the church.
Economy, arrangement.

Ecstasy, excessive joy.

Edifice, a building.

Efficacy, power to produce results.
Effigy, a likeness.

Eglantine, sweetbrier or honeysuckle.

Elate, lifted up, joyful.

Elongate, to lengthen out

Emanation, that which issues forth.

Emblem, picture, symbol.

Embroilment, confusion, disturbance.

Emerge, to rise out (of the sea or clouds).
Eminence, a height.

Eminent, rising high.

Emotion, a movement of the mind, for example, hope, love, joy.

Emphasis, (speaking on a word) force of voice.

Emporium, a place of trade.

Emulous, desirous to equal or excel.
Enchanter, a magician.

Engineer, one who plans military works.

Ensue, to follow.

Enterprise, a bold undertaking.

Enterprising, ready to undertake.

Enthusiastic, warm, highly excited.

Environ, to encircle, to hem in.

Epaulette, a shoulder-piece.

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