der water. The ftream is confined by high rocks on either fide, a space of forty feet, and the banks at the falls are, at leaft, as many feet high. In a frefhet the flood wood frequently lodges, and in a few minutes the water riles to full banks, and then bursts away its obftructions with a moft tremendous crashing. The Big and Little Chazy rivers are in the township of Champlain, which borders on the Canada line; both are navigable fome miles, the former fix or feven, affording good mill feats-feveral mills are already erected. The British have a post, and maintain a small garrilon, at Point-au-fer in this township.

The river Boquet paffes through the town of Wilborough, in Clinton county, and is navigable for boats about two miles, and is there interrupted by falls, on which are mills. At this place are the remains of an entrenchment thrown up by General Burgoyne. Here he gave his famous war feaft to his "numerous hoft of SAVAGES," and here, probably, he firft conceived that celebrated proclamation which he afterwards. brought forth.

Black river rises in the high country, near the fources of Canada Creek, which falls into Mohawk river, and takes its courfe north-well, and then north-eaft, till it difcharges itfelf into Cataraqua, or Iroquois river, not far from Swegauchee: it is faid to be navigable for batteaux up to the lower falls, fixty miles, which is diftant from the flourishing fettlement of Whiteftown twenty-five miles. The whole length of this river is reckoned at one hundred and twelve miles.

Onondago river rifes in the Oneida lake, runs weftwardly into lake Ontario at Ofwego: it is navigable for oats from its mouth to the head of the lake, feventy-four miles, except a fall which occafions a portage of twenty yards, thence batteaux go up Wood creck almoft to Fort Stanwix, forty miles, whence there is a portage of amile to Mohawk river. Toward the head waters of this river falmon are caught in great quantities.

Mohawk river rifes to the northward of Fort Stanwix, about eight miles from Black river, and runs fouthwardly twenty miles to the fort; then caftward, one hundred and ten miles, into the Hudion. The produce that is conveyed down this river is landed at Skenectady, and is thence carried by land fixteen miles, over a barren fhrub plain, to Albany. Except a portage of about a mile, occafioned by the little falls, fifty-fix miles above Skenectady, the river is paflable for boats from Skenectady nearly or quite to its fource. The perpendicular defcent of thefe falls is estimated at

forty-two feet in the courfe of one mile; and it is fuppofed, they might be locked fo as to be rendered paffable for boats carrying five tons, for about fifteen thousand pounds currency, The Cohoez in this river are a great curiofity; they are three miles from its entrance into the Hudfon. The river is about one hundred yards wide, the rock over which it pours as over a mill dam, extends almost in a line from one fide of the river to the other, and is about thirty feet perpendicular height. Including the defcent above, the fall is as much as fixty or seventy feet; the rocks below, in fome places, are worn many feet deep by the conftant friction of the water. The view of this tremenduous cataract is diminished by the height of the banks on each fide of the river, About a mile below the falls the river bianches and forms a large ifland; but the two mouths may be feen at the fame time from the oppofite bank of the Hudion: the branches are fordable at low water, but are dangerous. A company by the name of "The Prefident, Directors, and Company of the Western Inland Lock Navigation, in the State of New-York," were incorporated by the legiflature of NewYork, in March, 1792, for the purpofe of opening a lock navigation from the now navigable part of Hudfon's river, to be extended to lake Ontario, and to the Seneca lake. This route has been furveyed and found practicable, the expence estimated, and the funds fubfcribed, and the work is to be executed with all poffible difpatch. The opening of this navigation will be a vaft acquifition to the commerce of this State, A fhore at least one thousand miles in length. will, in confequence of it, be washed by beatable waters, exclufive of all the great lakes, and many millions of acres of excellent till.ge land, rapidly fettling, will be accommodated with water communication for conveying their produce to market.

Delaware river rifes in Lake Utftayanthe, latitude 42 25, and takes its courfe fouth-weft, until it croffes into Pennfylvania in latitude 42°; thence fouthwardly, dividing NewYork from Pennsylvania, untill it ftrikes the north-weft corner of New-Jerfey, in latitude 41° 24′; and then paffes cff to fea, through Delaware bay, having New-Jersey on the eaft fide, and Pennfylvania and Delaware on the weft.

Susquehannah, E. Branch river has its fource in lake Otfego, latitude 42° 55', from which it takes a fouth-west courle; it croffes the line which divides New-York and Pennsylvan' three times, the last time near Tyoga Point, where it 10

ceives Tyoga river. Batteaux pafs to its fource; thence to Mohawk river is but twenty miles, capable of good roads.

Tyoga river riles in the Allegany mountains, in about latitude 42°, runs caftwardly and empties into the Sutquehannah at Tyoga Point, in latitude 410 57. It is navigable for boats about fifty miles,

Seneca river rifes in the Seneca country, and runs eatwardly, and in its paffage receives the waters of the Seneca and Cayuga lakes, which lie north and fouth, ten or twelve miles apart, each is between thirty and forty miles in length, and about a mile in breadth, and empties into the Onondago river, fourteen miles above the falls, at a place called Three Rivers. From Three River point to Onondago lake, up Seneca river, is twelve miles. Within half a mile of this lake a falt fpring iffues from the ground, the water of which is falter than that of the ocean: it conftantly emits water in fufficient quantity for works of any extent: it is probable the whole country will be fupplied with falt from this spring, and at a very cheap rate. This fpring is the property of the State. This river is navigable for boats from the lakes downwards.

Cheneffee river rifes near the fource of the Tyoga, and runs northwardly by the Cheneffee caftle and flats, and emp tics into lake Ontario, eighty miles caft of Niagara fort. On this river is one let of large falls, not far from its junc tion with lake Ontario. The inhabitants improve there fails to good purpofe, by the erettion of mills upon them.

The north-caft branch of the Allegany river heads in the Allegany mountains, near the fource of the Tyoga, and rurs directly weft until it is joined by a larger branch from the fouthward, which rifes near the wef branch of the Salquehannah: their junction is on the line between Pennsylvania and New-York. From this junction the river purfues a north-west courfe, leaving a fegment of the river of about fifty miles in length, in the State of New-York, thence it proceeds in a circuitious fouth-weft direction, until it croffes into Pennfylvania, from thence to its entrance into the Miffippi; it has already been deferibed.

There are few fifh in the rivers, but in the brooks are plenty of trout; and in the lakes, yellow perch, fun-fifh, falmon trout, cat-fifli, and a variety of others.

From this account of the rivers, is is eaty to conceive the excellent advantages for conveying produce to market from every part of the State,

The fettlements already made in this State, are chiefly upon two narrow oblongs, extending from the city of New-York, caft and north. The one caft, is Long-Ifland, which is one hundred and forty miles long, narrow, and furrounded by the fea. The one extending north is about forty miles in breadth, and bilected by the Hudfon; and fuch is the interfection of the whole State by the branches of the Hudson, the Delaware, the Sufquehannah, and other rivers which have been mentioned, that there are few places throughout its whole extent, that are more than fifteen or twenty miles from fome boatable or navigible ftream.

York bay, which is nine miles long and four broad, fpreads to the fouthward before the city of New-York. It is formed by the confluence of the Eaft and Hudfon's rivers, and embofoms feveral small islands, of which Governor's island is the principal it communicates with the ocean through the NarTows, between Staten and Long-Iflands, which are fcarcely two miles wide. The paffage up to New-York and Sandy-Hook, the point of land that extends fartheft into the sea, is fafe, and not above twenty miles in length. The common navigation is between the east and weft banks, in about twentytwo feet water. There is a light-houfe at Sandy-Hook on a peninfula from the Jerfey fhore.

South bay lies twelve or fifteen miles north of the northern bend in Hudfon's river: at its north end it receives Wood Creek from the fouth, which is navigable feveral miles, and lined with fine meadows; foon after it mingles its waters with Eaft bay, which ftretches eastward into Vermont. At the junction of these bays commences another bay or lake, from half a mile to a mile wide, whose banks are fteep hills, or cliffs of rocks, generally inacceffible. At Ticonderoga this bay receives the waters of lake George from the fouth-west, through a large brook, which rolls down a gentle declivity, at the foot of which were formerly a fet of faw mills. The waters of lake George are one hundred feet higher than thofe of the bay.

Oncida lake lies about twenty miles west of fort Stanwix, and extends weftward about thirty miles.

Salt lake is mall, and empties into Seneca river foon after its junction with the Onondago river, about twelve miles from Three River point. This lake is ftrongly impregnated with faline particles. which circumftance gave rife to its name. The Indians make their falt from it.

Lake Otfego, at the head of Susquehannah river, is about nine miles long and narrow, perhaps not more than a mile wide. The land on the banks of this lake is very good, and the cultivation of it eaty.

Caniaderago lake is nearly as large as lake Otfego, and fix miles weft of it. A ftream by the name of Oaks creek, fues from it, and falls into the Suiquehannah river, about five miles below Otfego. The beft cheefe in the State of NewYork is faid to be made upon the borders of the creek.

Chatoque lake is the fource of Conawongo river, which empties into the Alleginy: the lower end of it, whence the river proceeds, is in latitude 420 10'; from thence to its head is about twenty-five miles. From the north-weft part of this to lake Erie is nine miles, and was once a communication ufed by the French.

On the north fide of the mountains, in Orange county, a very valuable tract called the Drowned Lands, containing about forty or fifty thoufand acres. The waters, which delcend from the furrounding hills, being but flowly difcharged by the river iffuing from it, cover thefe vaft meadows every winter, and render them extremely fertile; but they expofe the inhabitants in the vicinity to intermittents. The Walkhill river, which paffes through this extenfive amphibious tract, and empties into Hudfon's river, is in the fpring stored with very large eels in great plenty. The bottom of this river is a broken rock; and, it is fuppofed, that for two thousand pounds the channel might be deepened to as to let off all the waters from the meadows, and thereby redeem from the floods a large tract of rich land, for grals hemp, and Indian

corn.

SOIL AND PRODUCTIONS.

Befides the trees already mentioned, there are in various parts of this State, the feveral kinds of oak, fuch as white, red, yellow, black, and cheinut oak; white, yellow, fpruce, and pitch pines: cedar, fir-tree, butternut, alpin, commonly called poplar, white wood, which in Pennfylvania is called poplar, and in England the tulip-tree, rock, maple, the linden tree, which, with the white-wood, grows on the low rich ground, the button wood, fhrub cranberry, the fruit of which hangs in clusters like grapes as large as cherries; this fhrub too grows on low ground. Befides thefe is the fumach, which bears clusters of red berries: the indians chew the