A PARALLEL CASE.

In the sixth century, Gregory, the Bishop of Rome, in a letter to Constantia, the empress, says, "Knowing that there were many idolators in Sardinia, that they worshipped idols, and that the clergy were remiss in preaching our Redeemer to them, I sent a bishop from Italy thither, who, the hand of the Lord being with him, brought over many of them to the faith. I am informed, that those who persevere in idolatry give a fee to the judge of the island, that they may be allowed to do so with im punity. Some, having been baptized, and ceasing to worship idols, are still obliged to pay the same fine to the judge, who, when the bishop blamed him, answered, that he had paid so much money for the purchase of his office, that he could not recover his expenses but by such perquisites. The island of Corsica also is oppressed with such exactions and grievances that the inhabitants are scarcely able to pay the hibubs, even by the sale of their children. Hence a number of proprietors in the island, relinquishing the Roman government, are reduced

to put themselves under the protection of the
Lombards. For what more grievous oppression
can they suffer from the barbarians, than to be
obliged to sell their children? I know that the
emperor will say, that the whole produce of
the revenue in these islands is applied to the
support and defence of Italy. Be it so; but
a divine blessing ought not to be expected to
attend the gains of sin."-Milner's Church
History.

Our anti-slavery friends will apply the fore-
going facts and reasoning to some circum-
stances of the present times.

A BELLIGERENT BISHOP.

THERE was a King of Hungary who took a
bishop in battle, and kept him prisoner. Where-
upon the Pope wrote a monitory letter to him,
for breaking the privilege of holy church, and
taking his son. The king sent an embassy to
him, and sent withal the armour wherein the
bishop was taken, and this only in writing:-
"Know now whether this be thy son's coat or
no."

ROCHE ABBEY.

This is all that time and antiquarian rapacity have spared of Roche Abbey, in Yorkshire. It was founded in 1147, and

dedicated to the Virgin Mary. But little

is known of its history; but it appears, at the time of its dissolution, to have possessed considerable wealth. It is now only interesting for the picturesque beauty of its situation and ruins, which are thus described in the "Tour of Great Britain." "The north and south side of these ruins are bounded by two large woods. To the east is a large bed of water, the collection of a rivulet which runs amongst the ruins. The banks on each side of this water are steep, and charmingly clothed with trees of various sorts, interspersed with several peeping rocks and ruins; under one of the rocks is the mouth of a cavern, which, I was told, had a communication with a monastery in Tickhill Castle, about two miles distant; but that now the passage is stopped up by the falling in of the earth. Several traditionary stories are almost universally told and believed, by the inhabitants hereabouts, of ridiculous pranks which have

:

SUCCESSFUL COURAGE.

THE narrations of a frontier circle, as they draw round their evening fire, often turn upon the exploits of the old race of men, the heroes of the past days, who wore hunting-shirts, and settled the country. In a boundless forest full of panthers and bears, and more dreadful Indians, with not a white within a hundred miles, a solitary adventurer penetrates the deepest wilderness, and begins to make the strokes of his axe resound among the trees. The Indians find him out, ambush, and imprison him. A more acute and desperate warrior than themselves, they wish to adopt him, and add his strength to their tribe. He feigns contenthim in the use of his own ways of management, uses the savage's insinuations, outruns ment, but watches his opportunity, and, when their suspicion is lulled, and they fall asleep, he springs upon them, kills his keepers, and bounds away into unknown forests, pursued at fault, subsists many days upon berries and by them and their dogs. He leaves them all roots, and finally arrives at his little clearing, and resumes his axe. In a little palisade, three or four resolute men stand a siege of hundreds of assailants, kill many of them, and mount calmly on the roof of their shelter, to pour water upon the fire which burning arrows have kindled there, and achieve the work amidst a shower of balls. A thousand instances of that stern and unshrinking courage which had shaken hands with death, of that endurance which had defied all the inventions of Indian torture, are recorded of these wonderful men. The dread of being roasted alive by the Indians called into action all their hidden energies and resources.

I will relate one case of this sort, because I knew the party, by name Baptiste Roy, a Frenchman, who solicited, and, I am sorry to say, in vain, a compensation for his bravery from Congress. It occurred at "Côte sans Dessein," on the Missouri. A numerous band of northern savages, amounting to four hundred, beset the garrison-house, into which he, his wife, and another man, had retreated. They were hunters by profession, and had been played by several goblins and ghosts powder, lead, and four rifles in the house; in this cave, and about this abbey, and they immediately began to fire upon the Inwe were not a little entertained by the dians. The wife melted and moulded the honest simplicity of the credulous rela- taking her shot with the other two. Every lead, and assisted in loading, occasionally tors. One side of the nef of the build-Indian that approached the house was sure to ing, and some odd arches, are all that fall. The wife relates, that the guns would are now left, except several small frag-soon become too much heated to hold in the ments, which are dispersed for above a hand; water was necessary to cool them. It mile round, a great part having been car-was, I think, on the second day of the siege ried away, from time to time, to repair impatient to look on the scene of execution, that Roy's assistant was killed. He became adjacent churches, or to build gentle- and see what they had done. He put his eye men's seats. These ruins, among which to the port-hole, and a well-aimed shot delarge trees are grown up, and the con- stroyed him. The Indians perceived that their tiguous borders, make a picture inexpres- shot had taken effect, and gave a yell of exulsibly charming, especially when viewed tation. They were encouraged, by the mowith the lights and shadows they receive mentary slackening of the fire, to approach from the western sun, together with the the house, and fire it over the heads of Roy fragments of sepulchral monuments, and roof, knocked off the burning boards, and esand his wife. He deliberately mounted the the gloomy shades of those venerable caped untouched from the shower of balls. greens, ivy, and yew, which creep up, What must have been the nights of this husand luxuriantly branch out, and, mixing band and wife? After four days of unavailing with the beautiful whiteness of the rocks, siege, the Indians gave a yell, exclaimed that give such a solemnity to the scene as the house was a "grand medicine," meaning demands a serious reverence from the that it was charmed and impregnable, and beholder, and inspires a contemplative attest the marksmanship of the besieged, and went away. They left behind forty bodies to melancholy, oftentimes pleasing, as well a peck of balls collected from the logs of the as proper, to indulge." house.-Flint's Mississippi.

THIS island is situated in the Atlantic Ocean, about four thousand miles southwest of England. It is one hundred and fifty miles in length, and its average breadth is about forty miles. Its centre lies in about 18° 12', in north latitude, and in longitude about 76° 45′ west. Its climate, therefore, is extremely hot, varying but little in summer and winter. The face of the country is exceedingly fine, being beautifully wooded, varied with hills of gentle acclivity, and abounding with springs and streams. Indeed, its name, which, by the early Spanish historians, was written Xaymayca, is said to have signified, in the language of the original natives, a country abounding in springs.

Its productions are various and profuse, and in some parts there are appearances of metals. Indeed, in all the prominent features of this ill-fated land, we may read a benediction of nature, which is frightfully contrasted with the burning curse stamped on every page of its modern history by the heartless cupidity of Europeans.

Jamaica was discovered by Columbus, on the 3rd of May, 1494, in his second expedition to the New World. Conceiving that this was the country to which the Indians had directed him, he turned his course towards it, and, after a slight contest with the natives, which terminated amicably, he took possession of it. Nine years after this, in his fourth and last

JAMAICA.

|

possession of it by the English during the protectorate of Cromwell.

| voyage, he was shipwrecked on its coast,
and, after a painful confinement of a year
in the island, he returned to Spain, where, Prior to the treaty between Spain
exhausted by his recent hardships, he and England in 1630, which was the
soon terminated a life which the most latest entered into previous to the protec-
unparalleled and successful enterprise torate, the Spaniards had claimed and
has consecrated to lasting fame. After exercised the exclusive privilege of navi-
the death of Columbus, and about seven-gating the American seas, by open hostil-
teen years after the first settlement of the ities towards all other ships found there.
Spaniards in Hispaniola, the latter sent Such an exorbitant pretension was, how-
out a colony to re-possess Jamaica. ever, resisted by every maritime state
Diego Columbus, son of the discoverer, whose interests were involved; and par-
claimed the island as his father's heir, and, ticularly by the English, who had already
after much difficulty, arising out of the same planted colonies in Virginia, the Bermu-
unprincipled meanness in the king, which das, St. Christopher's, and Barbadoes.
thwarted and embarrassed his father, es- To end these contests, the treaty of 1630
tablished his right, and sent over Juan de was entered into, which promised to se-
Esquivel, as his deputy. Esquivel was cure uninterrupted communication be-
succeeded, after his death, by governors tween the English and their settlements;
who deviated widely from the pacific po- but, in violation of all that is held sacred
licy which he had observed; and from in the intercourse of states, a colony of
that time the, history of Jamaica began to the English in the little island of Tortuga
be written 'n blood. Unhappily, the was, eight years after, attacked by the
Spaniards took with them to the Indies Spaniards, who, with characteristic fero-
their religion and their avarice: and, city, put every man, woman, and child
with these two weapons, they extermi- to the sword! The same atrocity was
nated the whole of the Indians-not a again perpetrated at Santa Cruz in
single descendant of the aboriginal inha- 1650.
bitants being alive when the English took
the island in 1655, nor, as is believed,
for a century before. The minuter de-
tails of these events, however, are happily
concealed by the silence of history, which
affords comparatively scanty notices of
the interval between the first settlement
of [the Spaniards in Jamaica and the

Under these and similar provocations, a powerful armament was equipped by Cromwell, and sent out to reduce Hispaniola, a principal settlement of the Spaniards. In this attempt, however, the English were unsuccessful, but took Jamaica in May, 1655. They found it thinly populated, a large part of it waste

and uncultivated, and totally destitute of those productions which have made it valuable in later times. Its population was about equally composed of whites and of African slaves, whom the Spanish settlers joined, with their neighbours of Hispaniola, in obtaining, as soon as they had exterminated the original natives. This iniquitous policy was the more wanton, as they had no useful purpose apparently to which their labour was directed. The Spanish inhabitants seem to have lived in great penury and sloth they had no commerce worthy of mention, and they only expended so much labour on the soil, as was necessary to procure from it the means of subsistence.

the means of public lectures, to be delivered throughout the country by gentlemen possessing the necessary qualifications for this duty.

It was determined that this department of AntiSlavery labour, with the application of the funds then offered, and other pecuniary aid afterwards obtained for the same purpose, should be entrusted to the exclusive management of a distinct Committee. That Committee was formed by, and composed of, members of the Anti-Slavery Committee; together with some other gentlemen who were not members of that body. The business of both committees was, for a period of

office of Chief Judge in the island, with
great honour to himself and advantage to
the inhabitants, opposed it with such
ability and fortitude in the council, that
he was dismissed from his post by the
new governor, and conveyed as a state-
prisoner to England. This measure, how-
ever unjustifiable, was productive of good;
for Colonel Long, being heard before the
king and privy council, pointed out, with
such force of argument, the evil tendency twelve months, conducted, not only on the same
of the steps recently taken, that the En-premises, but in the same offices; until the Agency
glish government reluctantly submitted, Committee, conceiving that the object of its insti-
withdrew their plan, and removed Lord tution would be best promoted by separation from
Carlisle from the governorship.

These measures, however, were far from destroying all cause of future contest with the crown; for although the asAfter the capture of the island, it re-sembly had recovered the privilege of mained under military jurisdiction, until framing such laws as the exigencies of the restoration of Charles II. The army the colony might require, yet the bills underwent severe hardships, being inces-which they passed, and the judgments of santly harassed by the dispossessed Spa- the courts of law, when brought before the niards and negroes, and at length became king, though not disallowed, frequently discontented and mutinous, under the af- remained long unconfirmed. All these fliction of both plague and famine. Crom- vexations arose out of the question of rewell, however, bent his attention to the venue; and affairs remained on this unpeopling of the island, and held out con- settled and precarious footing for fifty siderable inducements to colonists, both years; until, in 1728, the revenue act from the neighbouring islands, and from was passed, which included conditions England. But what contributed far more agreed to by both parties, and put an end than these expedients to the preservation to these contests. and improvement of Jamaica, was the mission thither of D'Oyley as commander of the troops, who gained their affections, revived their spirits, and, assisted by their bravery, defeated with triumph an at

Such is a very brief sketch of the history of Jamaica up to 1728. The further prosecution of it would lead us far into the details of slavery, which subject we purposely avoid at present, partly because the limits of this article would not admit of any other than a cursory glance at that important subject, and partly because we are unwilling to anticipate the more comprehensive history of slavery, on which it is our intention shortly to enter.

AGENCY ANTI-SLAVERY SOCIETY.
COMMITTEE.

WM. ALLEN, Esq.

HENRY AGGS, Esq.
RICHARD BARRETT, ESQ.
Rev. Dr. Cox.
EMANUEL COOPER, Esq.

JOSEPH COOPER, Esq.
J. S. ELLIOTT, Esq.
WM. EDWARDS, Esq.

THOMAS FISHER, Esq.
REV. JOS. IVIMEY.

L. C. LECESNE, Esq.
WM. NAISH, Esq.

HENRY POWNALL, Esq.

REV. THOS. PRICE.
GEORGE STACEY, Esq.
JOSEPH WILSON, Esq.

the other society, removed its business to a different suite of offices in the same building; not less, however, than one-half of the gentlemen constituting the Agency Committee still remaining members of the Anti-Slavery Committee, and some of them actively co-operating with both.

The principal object of the institution being the employment of agents for the performance of the duty before specified, it consequently adopted the designation of " Agency Anti-Slavery Society;" ceedings, with an account of receipts and expenand as such, has published a report of its proditure, for the satisfaction of its subscribers.

The Agency Society, disclaiming all political and party views, has, nevertheless, felt it a paramount duty, by every legitimate means, to excite a parliamentary influence in favour of the extinction of slavery. In the classification of candidates, favourable and unfavourable to immediate emanci pation, it has followed the precedent of a similar measure, successfully adopted on other great national questions. The object has been to apprise

the constituency at large of the real sentiments of their respective candidates on this particular point and its beneficial effect is clearly demonstrable, being already enabled to record nearly 150 candifrom the gratifying fact of the Agency Society dates, in England alone, who have avowed themselves the supporters of immediate emancipation. dates, of the omission of their names in Schedule. The repeated complaints, on the part of candiC of the Society's lists, induced the committee to direct their secretary to address a letter to those whose opinions were not known, soliciting information on the subject, with a view to obviate such complaints; and the committee cannot observe, either in the terms of this letter any thing disrespectful, or in its object any thing unconstitutional; and that it is not viewed in any objectionable or offensive light by men of honest principle-men who wish not to deceive by delusive or evasive professions-is sufficiently proved by the number of satisfactory answers received from candidates.

The Agency Anti-Slavery Society has now the pleasing duty to perform of congratulating the friends of the cause on the unexampled success of

tempt, made in the year 1658, by the former possessors of the island, under the Governor of Cuba, and the Viceroy of Mexico, to regain it. Tranquillity being restored, numbers of all professions, and from all parts of the British Empire, flocked to Jamaica; some owing to the confusion which overspread England on Cromwell's death, and others who had been active in bringing Charles the First to the block, and who considered this -island as a safe place of refuge. In 1661, Charles the Second appointed D'Oyley chief governor of Jamaica, with orders to release the army from military suborits exertions. To estimate aright their effect, it is dination, and, with the advice of a counonly necessary to contrast the apathetic indifcil to be elected by the inhabitants, to ference which so generally prevailed on the slavery question at the commencement of its labours, with pass laws suitable to the exigencies of the the feeling now awakened, and strongly expressed, colony. This may be considered as the throughout the kingdom. The lectures delivered, first establishment of a civil government the public meetings held, and the associations in the island, after the English had beformed, by the agents of this society, have greatly come masters of it. Hitherto the policy to such successful efforts is the society indebted contributed to this change in the public mind; and of England had been pacific and equi-having issued an official notification that that body for the great and generous support it has received, is distinct from the Agency Anti-Slavery Society, and continues to receive; and to the same cause table; but in 1678, when much had been I am directed by the latter to communicate to you, may be attributed the hostility which it has expedone to injure liberty at home, the privi- for the information of the public, some facts not rienced from a portion of the daily press, which, leges of the colonist abroad excited the adverted to in Mr. Pringle's letter. jealousy of government, In the early part of the year 1831, some bene-view, finds its account in protracted discussion professing still to have negro emancipation in tem of legislation was adopted for Ja-diate abolition of slavery, and feeling persuaded volent individuals, warmly espousing the immeand delay. maica, and the Earl of Carlisle was sent out as Governor to enforce it. The assembly, however, indignantly resisted the attack upon their liberty involved in it; and Colonel Long, who had exercised the

a new sys

TO THE EDITOR OF THE TOURIST.

Agency Anti-Slavery Society's Office, 18, Aldermanbury. Nov. 6, 1832. SIR,-The Secretary of the Anti-Slavery Society

that this measure would be greatly promoted were
the public mind better informed as to the existing
state and real character of slavery in the British
contributions, and proposed to the Anti-Slavery
dominions, came forward with the offer of liberal
Society a plan for imparting this information, by

The success of the past must stimulate the future; and it is determined perseveringly and Agency Society to increased exertion for the uncompromisingly to pursue the tenor of its way, feels no unworthy rivalry towards kindred instithrough evil as well as through good report. It tutions: it seeks neither to detract from their

I am, sir, your very obedient servant,
JOHN CRISP, Secretary.

SLIDE OF ALPNACH. THE following most interesting account of this stupendous undertaking is found translated in Brewster's Journal, and is a striking proof that nature itself presents no obstacles which may not be surmounted by the enterprise of men, in alliance with the powerful machinery to which their ingenuity has given rise.

market. In winter, when the slide was covered with snow, the barrels were made to descend on a kind of sledge. The wood which was not fit for being carbonised was heaped up and burnt, and the ashes packed up and carried away during the winter.

merit, nor to repress their efforts in this sacred thickets; and, as the workmen advanced, men cause; and to all who, with a warm zeal and were posted at certain distances, in order to an honest activity, labour for its premotion, it point out the road for their return, and to discomost cordially extends the right hand of fellow-ver, in the gorges, the places where the piles of ship, and heartily bids "God speed." wood had been established. M. Rapp was himself obliged, more than once, to be suspended by cords, in order to descend precipices A few days before the author of the premany hundred feet high; and, in the first ceding account visited the slide, an inspector months of the undertaking, he was attacked of the navy had come for the purpose of exwith a violent fever, which deprived him of amining the quality of the timber. He deNothing, however, could diminish his invinthe power of superintending his workmen.clared that he had never seen any timber that was so strong, so fine, and of such a size; and cible perseverance. He was carried every day he concluded an advantageous bargain for to the mountain in a barrow, to direct the 1000 trees. labours of the workmen, which was absolutely Such is a brief account of a work undernecessary, as he had scarcely two good car- taken and executed by a single individual, penters among them all, the rest having been and which has excited a very high degree of hired by accident, without any of the know-interest in every part of Europe. We regret ledge which such an undertaking required. to add, that this magnificent structure no longer M. Rupp had also to contend against the pre-exists, and that scarcely a trace of it is to be judices of the peasantry. He was supposed to seen upon the flanks of Mount Pilatus. Polihave communion with the devil. He was tical circumstances having taken away the charged with heresy, and every obstacle was principal source of the demand for timber, thrown in the way of an enterprise which they and no other market having been found, the regarded as absurd and impracticable. All operation of cutting and transporting the trees these difficulties, however, were surmounted, necessarily ceased. and he had at last the satisfaction of observing the trees descend from the mountain with the rapidity of lightning. The larger pines, which were about a hundred feet long, and ten inches thick at their smaller extremity, ran through the space of three leagues, or nearly nine miles, in two minutes and a half; and during their descent they appeared to be only a few feet in length. The arrangements for this part of the operation were extremely simple. From the lower end of the slide to the upper end, where the trees were introduced, workmen were posted at regular distances, and, as soon as every thing was ready, the workman at the lower end of the slide cried out to the one above him, "Lachez" (Let go). The cry was repeated from one to another, and reached the top of the slide in three minutes. The workmen at the top of the slide then cried out to the one below him, "Il vient" (It comes), and the tree was instantly launched down the slide, preceded by the cry which was repeated from post to post. As soon as the tree had reached the bottom, and plunged into the lake, the cry of "Lachez" was repeated as before, and a new tree was launched in a similar manner. By these means a tree descended every five or six minutes, provided no accident happened to the slide, which sometimes took place, but which was instantly repaired when it did.

For many centuries the rugged flanks and the deep gorges of Mount Pilatus were covered with impenetrable forests. Lofty precipices encircled them on all sides. Even the daring hunters were scarcely able to reach them; and the inhabitants of the valley had never conceived the idea of disturbing them with the axe. These immense forests were, therefore, permitted to grow and to perish, without being of the least utility to man, till a foreigner, conducted into their wild recesses in the pursuit of the chamois, was struck with wonder at the sight, and directed the attention of several Swiss gentlemen to the extent and superiority of the timber. The most intelligent and skilful individuals, however, considered it quite impracticable to avail themselves of such inaccessible stores. It was not till November, 1816, that M. Rupp, and three Swiss gentlemen, entertaining more sanguine hopes, drew up a plan of a slide, founded on trigonometrical measurements. Having purchased a certain extent of the forests from the commune of Alpnach for 6000 crowns, they began the construction of the slide, and completed it in the spring of 1818.

The Slide of Alpnach is formed entirely of about 25,000 large pine trees, deprived of their bark, and united together in a very ingenious manner, without the aid of iron. It occupied about 160 workmen during eighteen months, and cost nearly 100,000 francs, or £4,250. It is about three leagues, or 44,000 English feet long, and terminates in the Lake of Lucerne. It has the form of a trough, about six feet broad, and from three to six feet deep. Its bottom is formed of three trees, the middle one of which has a groove cut out in the direc tion of its length, for receiving small rills of water, which are conducted into it from various places, for the purpose of diminishing the friction. The whole of the slide is sustained by about 2000 supports; and in many places it is attached, in a very ingenious manner, to the rugged precipices of granite.

The direction of the slide is sometimes straight, and sometimes zig-zag, with an inclination of from 10 to 18. It is often carried along the sides of hills and the flanks of precipitous rocks, and sometimes passes over their summits. Occasionally it goes under ground, and at other times it is conducted over the deep gorges by scaffoldings 120 feet in height.

The boldness which characterises this work, the sagacity displayed in all its arrangements, and the skill of the engineer, have excited the wonder of every person who has seen it. Before any step could be taken in its erection, it was necessary to cut several thousand trees to obtain a passage through the impenetrable

In order to show the enormous force which the trees acquired from the great velocity of their descent, M. Rupp made arrangements for causing some of the trees to spring from the slide. They penetrated by their thickest extremities no less than from eighteen to twenty-four feet into the earth; and one of the trees having by accident struck against the other, it instantly cleft it through its whole length, as if it had been struck by lightning.

After the trees had descended the slide, they were collected into rafts upon the lake, and conducted to Lucerne. From thence they descended the Reuss, then the Aar to near Brugg, afterwards to Waldshut by the Rhine, then to Basle, and even to the sea, when it was necessary.

In order that none of the small wood might be lost, M. Rupp established in the forest large manufactories of charcoal. He erected magazines for preserving it when manufactured, and had made arrangements for the construction of barrels for the purpose of carrying it to the

STANZAS,

WRITTEN BY AN OFFICER LONG RESIDENT IN
INDIA, ON HIS RETURN TO ENGLAND.
(From "The Welshman.")

I CAME, but they had pass'd away,-
The fair in form, the pure in mind,-
And, like a stricken deer, I stray,

Where all are strange, and none are kind;
Kind to the worn, the wearied soul,

That pants, that struggles for repose:
Oh! that my step had reached the goal
Where earthly sighs and sorrows close!
Years have pass'd o'er me like a dream,
That leaves no trace on memory's page;
I look around me, and I seem
Some relic of a former age.
Alone, as in a stranger-clime,
Where stranger-voices mock my ear,
I mark the lagging course of time,
Without a wish-a hope-a fear!

Yet I had hopes-and they have fled;

And I had fears-were all too true;
My wishes, too!-but they are dead,
And what have I with life to do!
'Tis but to bear a weary load,

I may not, dare not, cast away;
To sigh for one small, still abode,
Where I may sleep as sweet as they :-
As they, the loveliest of their race,

Whose grassy tombs my sorrows steep-
Whose worth my soul delights to trace-
Whose very loss 'tis sweet to weep-
To weep beneath the silent moon,
With none to chide, to hear, to see;
Life can bestow no dearer boon

On one whom death disdains to free.
I leave a world that knows me not,
To hold communion with the dead;
And fancy consecrates the spot
Where fancy's softest dreams are shed.
I see each shade all silvery white;
I hear each spirit's melting sigh;
I turn to clasp those forms of light,
And the pale morning chills my eye.
But soon the last dim morn shall rise;

The lamp of life burns feebly now,—
When stranger-hands shall close my eyes,
And smoothe my cold and dewy brow.
Unknown I lived-so let me die;

Nor stone, nor monumental cross,
Tell where his nameless ashes lie,
Who sighed for gold, and found it dross.

APHORISMS.

MEMORY is the purveyor of reason, the power which places those images before the mind upon which the judgment is to be exercised, and which treasures up the determinations that are once passed, as the rules of future actions, or grounds of subsequent conclusions.-DR. JOHNSON.

It is not in the roar of faction, which deafens the ear and sickens the heart, that the still voice of liberty is heard. She turns from the disgusting scene, and regards these struggles as the pangs and convulsions in which she is doomed to expire.

-ROBERT HALL.

Shakspeare was born with all the seeds of poetry, and may be compared to the stone in Pyrrhus's ring, which, as Pliny tells us, had the figure of Apollo and the nine muses in the veins of it, produced by the spontaneous hand of nature, without any help from art.-ADDISON.

The evils of anarchy and of despotism are two extremes which are equally to be dreaded, and between which no middle path can be found but that of effectual reform.-ROBERT HALL.

down to the temperature forty degrees, while,
from that to thirty-two degrees, which is its
A very curi-
freezing point, it again dilates.
ous consequence of this pecularity is exhi-
bited in the wells of the glaciers of Switzer-
land and elsewhere, namely, that when once a
pool, or shallow well, on the ice commences, it
goes on quickly deepening itself until it pene-
trates to the earth beneath. Supposing the
surface of the water originally to have nearly
the temperature of the melting ice, or thirty-
two degrees, but to be afterwards heated by
the air and sun, instead of the water being
tained at the surface, it becomes heavier the
thereby dilated or specifically higher, and de-
more nearly it is heated to forty degrees, and
therefore sinks down to the bottom of the pit
or well; but there, by dissolving some of the
ice, and being consequently cooled, it is again
rendered lighter, and rises to be heated as be-
fore, again to descend; and this circulation
and digging cannot cease until the water has
bored its way quite through.-Dr. Arnott's

Rome was never more opulent than on the eve
of departing liberty. Her vast wealth was a sedi-Elements of Physics, Vol. II.

ment that remained on the reflux of the tide.-Ib.

EFFECTS OF EXPANSION.

A cannon ball, when heated, cannot be made to enter an opening, through which, when cold, it passes readily. A glass stopper sticking fast in the neck of a bottle, may be released by surrounding the neck with a cloth taken out of warm water, or by immersing the bottle in the water up to the neck: the binding ring is thus heated and expanded sooner than the stopper, and so becomes slack or loose upon it. Pipes for conveying hot water, steam, hot air, &c., if of considerable length, must have joinings that allow a degree of shortening and lengthening, otherwise a change of temperature may destroy them.. An incompetent person undertook to warm a large manufactory, by steam, from one boiler. He laid a rigid main pipe along a passage, and opened lateral branches through holes into the several apartments, but on his first admitting the steam, the expansion of the main pipe tore it away from all its branches. In an iron railing, a gate which, during a cold day may be loose and easily shut or opened, in a warm day may stick, owing to there being greater expansion of it, and of the neighbouring railing, than of the earth on which they are placed. Thus also the centre of the arch of an iron bridge is higher in warm than in cold weather while, on the contrary, in a suspension or chain bridge the centre is lowered. The iron pillars now so much used to support the front walls of houses, of which the ground stories serve as shops with spacious windows, in warm weather really lift up the wall which rests upon them, and in cold weather allow it again to sink, or subside, in a degree considerably greater than if the wall were brick from top to bottom. The pitch of a piano-forte is lowered in a warm day, or in a warm room, owing to the expansion of the strings being greater than the wooden frame-work; and in cold the reverse will happen. A harp, or piano, which is well tuned in a morning drawing-room, cannot be perfectly in tune when the crowded evening party has heated the room. Bell-wires too, slack in summer, may be of the proper length in winter. There exists a most extraordinary exception, already mentioned, to the law of expansion by heat and contraction by cold, producing unspeakable benefits in nature, namely, in the case of water. Water contracts according to the law only

be true, and supposing that the effects of vo-
luntary emancipation would be the same as
those of a revolution (which, however, I deny),
who are to be blamed for the "present unpre-
pared state of the slaves for freedom" but the
planters themselves? And if the slaves are to
wait for their freedom till this good work has
been accomplished by their masters, their case
is hopeless indeed. But, suppose the com-
merce and agriculture of Hayti are now at the
lowest ebb, does this alter the relation of right
and wrong? No.-The eternal principles of
justice are not altered by climate or com-
paired by any sanction given to injustice by
plexion-they cannot be diminished or im-
law. Shall we, then, as men and as Chris-
tians, continue this most flagitious enormity.
this blackest violation of the laws of that God,
who has said, "Thou shalt not steal”—“ Thou
shalt do no murder”-simply because it has
been recognised and sanctioned by human
laws?—and, doing this, dare we arrogate the
name of a "Christian nation," and presume,
forsooth, to boast that the "laws of God are
part and parcel of the laws of the land?" It
is impossible. It cannot be that, because our
fathers did wrong, we dare perpetuate so atro-
cious an injustice. Let us, rather, act accord-
ing to the dictates of Christianity and common
sense, and adopt the wise sentiment
of the
Roman, saying,

FIAT JUSTITIA, RUAT COLUM.”

BRITISH and FOREIGN TEMPERANCE

SOCIETY.-Six Individuals, desirous of promoting the important object of the above Society, and especially anxious to prevent the discontinuance of its Travelling Agency, for want of early pecuniary support, are willing to contribute 107. cach to the Society's Funds, on condition that fourteen similar donations be procured, to produce 2007.; and a liberal Member of the Society engages to add, from his own purse, one-fitth to any sum that can be collected for this Society, within the ensuing two

months.

Subscriptions will be gratefully received by Cornelias Hanbury, Treasurer to the Society; by Barnetts, Hoare, Co., Charing-cross.

The names of the persons who have offered each 107., may be seen by application to the Treasurer.

the CURE of COUGHS, COLDS, WALTER'S ANISEED PILLS.-The numerous and

ASTHMAS, SHORTNESS OF BREATH,

C respectable testimonials daily received of the extraordi nary efficacy of the above Pills, in curing the most die tressing and long-established diseases of the pulmonary and them to the notice of those afflicted with the above comrespiratory organs, induces the Proprietor to recommend plaints, conceiving that a Medicine which has now stood the test of experience for several years cannot be too gene

To the Editor of the Tourist. Sir,-A little pamphlet has lately been sent out, entitled, "Facts relative to Colonial Slavery and Free Negro Labour, addressed to the Electors of the United Kingdom; by an Elector of Finsbury." At any other time than the present, this rubbish would be unworthy of notice; but as it is calculated to mislead unthinking people, who do not look beyond the mere surface of things, you may think a few remarks upon it not unworthy of insertion in the Tourist. The Letter commences with a violent tirade against the " Anti-Slavery Society," which, I doubt not, they can very well bear; and then gives a short history of the origin and rise of the West India Trade, and the traffic in human beings, to prove that the present West India proprietors did not origi- and Co., Bankers, Lombard-street; or by Drummonds and nate the trade (if they had, they must be men of a patriarchal age); but that it has from time to time been recognized and encouraged by the English government, and that, therefore, «having purchased his labourers of the people of England, the planter cannot, with justice, be deprived of them, by England, without compensation." To this specious statement I shall merely reply, that, by the spirit of the English law and constitution, stolen property never can become good raily known. They are composed entirely of balsamic property; and, without arguing the point, conand vegetable ingredients, and are so speedy in their benetent myself with referring to the invaluable ficial effects, that in ordinary cases a few doses have been found sufficient, and, unlike most Cough Medicines, they writings of Granville Sharpe. Our Finsbury neither affect the head, confine the bowels, nor profiace Elector asserts, that " could the negroes be got any of the unpleasant sensations so frequently complaine to work at free labour, like the labouring of. The following cases are subinitted to the Public from classes in England, the planters would gladly lane, Mile-end, was perfectly cared of a violent congh, concede the point, and it would require no le-attended with hoarseness, which rendered his speech iwangislative enactment to force the emancipation of the slaves." This is mere assertion, and I might in reply simply contradict it. But this is a course only becoming one who is unable to prove what he says. Mr. Burchell, the Baptist Missionary, has declared in public, that just before the insurrection in Jamaica broke out, the slaves, on a plantation in St. James's parish, believing they were to be freed at Christmas, went in a body to the planter, to return the instruments of culture he had placed in their hands,and PROPOSED to CONTİNUE at their WORK if he would employ them as FREE LABOURERS. It is unnecessary to add, that the master did not "gladly concede the point." The remainder of the pamphlet is a detailed description of the State of Hayti, intended to show the injurious effects of negro free labour. Now, admitting this account to

many in the Proprietor's possession :-K. Boke, of Globe

street, Spitalfields, after taking a few doses, was entirely

dible, by taking three or four doses. E. Booley, of Queen cured of a most inveterate cough, which he had had for many months, and tried almost every thing without saccess. Prepared by W. Walter, and sold by I. A. Sharwood, No. 55, Bishopsgate Without, in boxes, at is. 1. and three in one for 2s. 9d.; and by appointment, by Hap chapel-road; Prout, No. 226, Strand; Sharp, Cross-street,

nay and Co., No. 63, Oxford-street; Green, No. 42, White-
Islington; Pink, No. 65, High-street, Borough; Allison,
No. 130, Brick-lane, Bethnal-green; Farrar, Upton-place,
Commercial-road; Hendebourck, 326, Holborn; and by
all the wholesale and retail Medicine Venders in the 'ussed
Kingdom.-N.B. In consequence of the increased demandi
for this excellent Medicine, the Public are cautioned

against Counterfeits-none can be genuine unless signed
I. A. Sharwood on the Government Stamp, and W. Walter

on the outside wrapper.-Be sure to ask for “ Walter's
Aniseed Pills."

Printed by J. HADDON and Co.; and Published by J. CRISP, at No. 27, Ivy Lane, Paternoster Row, where all Advertisements and Commuzications for the Editor are to be addressed.