tory. Gradually he became more warm and replied Bradshaw, with the spirit of an ancient me to do this. from the chair; Algernon Sidney was next took the speaker by the hand, and led him compelled to quit his seat; and the other members, eighty in number, on the approach of the military, rose and moved towards the door. Cromwell now resumed his discourse. "It is you," he exclaimed, "that have forced I have sought the Lord both day and night, that he would rather slay me than put me on the doing of this work."" Alderman Allan took advantage of these words to observe that it was not yet too late to undo what had been done; but Cromwell instantly charged him with peculation, and gave him into custody. When all were gone, fixing his eye on the mace, "What," said he, "shall we do with this fool's bauble? Here, carry it away." Then, taking the act of dissolution from the clerk, he ordered the doors to be locked, and, accompanied by the military, re turned to Whitehall. That afternoon the members of the council assembled in their usual place of meeting. Bradshaw had had just taken the chair, when try, the congregations of the saints magnified was to be taken on every subject connected others, though often of the highest importance CHINA. our warmest acknowledgments, we are enabled to lay before our readers some highly interesting particulars on this subject. They are from the pen of the learned and excellent Dr. Morrison. In our present number we shall only insert an address to Christian churches every where, detailing the progress of Christianity in China; our next will contain some intelligence of a more novel description. Canton, China, Sept. 4th, 1832. To the churches of Christ in Europe, America, and elsewhere, the following statement is respectfully presented. since the first Protestant missionary arrived in Twenty-five years have this day elapsed China, alone, and in the midst of perfect strangers,with but few friends, and with many foes. Divine Providence, however, prepared a quiet residence for him; and, by the help of God, he has continued to the present time, and can now rejoice in what God has wrought. The Chinese language was at first thought an insurmountable difficulty. That difficulty has been overcome. The language has been ac quired, and various facilities provided for its further acquisition. Dictionaries, grammars, vocabularies, and translations, have been increased, both at home and abroad, both for penned and printed. Chinese scholars have secular and religious purposes. It is not likely that Chinese will ever again be abandoned. The Holy Scriptures in Chinese, by Morrison and Milne, together with religious tracts, Prayer-books, &c., have been published; and now, thanks be to God, missionaries from other nations have come to aid in their distribution and explanation. The London Missionary College, Malacca, and Mr. Medhurst's on Java, Society's Chinese press, at the Anglochinese have sent forth millions of pages, containing the truths of the everlasting gospel; and that Institution has given a Christian education to Chinese, who preach Christ's Gospel, and scores of native youths. There are also native teach from house to house. Such is a general outline of the progress of the mission. We boast not of great doings, yet are devoutly still gathered strength from year to year. thankful to God that the work has not ceased, but, amidst many deaths and disasters, has The establishment of English presses in China, both for the diffusion of general knowledge, and for religious purposes, arose out of the Protestant mission. The Hon. East India Company's press, to print Dr. Morrison's Dictionary, was the first; and now both English and Americans endeavour, by the press, to draw attention to China, and give information concerning it and the surrounding nations. Up to a very recent period, but very The Indo-chinese Gleaner, at Malacca, the little has been known of this curious and Canton Newspapers, and the Chinese Reposiinteresting people, owing to the very tory, have all risen up since our mission comjealous policy adopted by their Missionary voyages have been per ment; and even now we are only begin-formed, and the Chinese sought out, at various ning to become acquainted with those places, under European control, in the Archifeatures of their character and condition pelago; as well as in Siam, at the Loochoo which distinguish them so widely from the island, at Corea, and along the coast of China itself, up to the very walls of Peking. Some rest of the world. They are, therefore, tracts, written by Protestant missionaries, have the objects of particular curiosity, and any reached and been read by the emperor himinformation respecting them is received self. Still this is but the day of small things. with avidity. govern Owing to the kindness of a gentleman who has long been a warm and valuable friend to the anti-slavery cause, and whose interest in this publication calls for menced. The harvest is indeed great, but the labourers are few. Preachers, and teachers, and writers, and printers, in much larger numbers, are wanted, to spread the knowledge of God and our Saviour Jesus Christ, among the Chineselanguage nations. BEN JONSON. poetry itself. His natural advantages were judgment to order and govern fancy, rather than excess of fancy; his productions being slow and upon deliberation, yet then abounding with great wit and fancy, and will live accordingly; and surely as he did exceedingly exalt the English language in eloquence, propriety, and masculine expression, so he was the best judge of, and fittest to prescribe rules to. poetry and poets, of any man who had lived with or before him; or since, if Mr. Cowley had not made a flight beyond all men, with that modesty yet as to ascribe much of this to the example and learning of Ben Jonson. His conversation was very good, and with the men of most note; and he had, for many years, an extraordinary kindness for Mr. Hyde (Lord Clarendon), till he found he betook himself to business, which he believed ought never to be preferred before his company. He lived to be very old, and till the palsy made a deep impression on his body and mind." We cannot close this brief sketch without presenting the reader with two short specimens of his epigrammatic talent. The first shall be his Epitaph upon the Countess of Pembroke, sister to Sir Philip Sidney : is "Underneath this marble herse The other is much better known, and "Underneath this stone doth lie As much beauty as could die; Ivy Lane, Paternoster Row. ceedingly limited, but were considerably BENJAMIN JONSON, or Johnson (as he | After this, he produced his celebrated himself appears to have preferred it), an comedy of "Every Man in his Humour," intimate friend of Shakspeare, and one and thenceforth continued, at short inof the greatest poets of his age, was born tervals, to write the dramatic pieces which at Westminster, June 11th, 1574. He have made his name renowned. From was sent, at a very early age, to a private 1625 to 1629 his health gradually deschool in the church of St. Martin-in-the-clined, and his resources had become exfields, whence he was removed to Westminster School, and placed under the tuition of the great Camden, whom he commemorates, in one of his epigrams, as the person to whom he owed all he knew. As his father was a clergyman, it is supposed that this step was taken with a view to his entering the church; but his mother having been left a widow in narrow circumstances, she accepted an offer of marriage made to her by a bricklayer, to which trade young Ben was forced to apply himself, after having made great proficiency in classical learning at Westminster, and was said to have been employed in building some additions to Lincoln's Inn. Being, however, unable to content his mind with this humble situation, he enlisted himself as a soldier, and fought against the Spaniards in the Netherlands. On his return, he is said to have resumed his studies, and to have entered at St. John's College, Cambridge; where, however, the scantiness of his resources prevented his keeping all his terms. On leaving Cambridge, he began his theatrical career, by engaging himself in various parties of strolling players, and at length became more permanently eugaged at an obscure theatre, called the Green Curtain, near Shoreditch. While thus engaged, he began to write his plays; and his first having the good fortune to fall into the hands of Shakspeare, was by him brought forward and acted. Perhaps the most accurate and creditable character of Ben Jonson was written by Lord Clarendon. It is comprised in the following sentences :-" His name can never be forgotten, having, by his very good learning and the severity of his nature and manners, very much reformed the stage, and indeed the English addressed. Town Agents. B. Steil, Paternoster-row G. Cowie, Strand G. Berger, Holywell-street, Clements, Pulteney street Country Agents. Birmingham, J. Drake Bristol, Westley and Co. Carlisle, C. Thurnam Chatham, P. Younginan Derby, Wilkins and Son Falmouth, J. Philp Hull, W. Stephenson Leeds, Baynes and Co. Printed by J. Haddon and Co., 27, Ivy Lane. THIS is one of the most extraordinary remains of antiquity of which our country can boast. It was brought to England, from Alexandria, by Dr. Edward Daniel Clarke, where it had been discovered by Denon and Dolomieux, at an early period after the invasion of Egypt by the French, while they were engaged in examining the antiquities of that city. It had been accurately described by various travellers for centuries past; and, together with their description, they relate the legend connected with it, as confidently entertained by the inhabitants, namely, that it was the tomb of Alexander, the founder of their city. For a considerable time, however, previous to its removal, it had been screened, by the piety of its Mahommedan possessors, from the eyes of infidels, and made, by the former, the object of religious veneration. When Alexandria had been taken by the French, no part of the army rifled it in a more merciless manner than the corps of savans whom the republic had, with characteristic coolness, sent out in their train-as if, by this ostentation of learning and science, to mitigate the unprincipled barbarity of their enterprise. They immediately ransacked every place where there was any hope of discovering literary plunder, and were not long in seizing upon this PRECIOUS MONUMENT. "Near these baths," says Denon, "is one of the principal mosques, formerly a primitive church under the name of St. Athanasius. This edifice, ruinous as magnificent, may afford an idea of the negligence of the Turks respecting objects of which they are the most jealous. Before our arrival, they suffered no Christian to approach, and chose to keep a guard rather than to repair the gates. In the state in which we found them, they could neither shut nor move on their hinges. In the middle of the court of that mosque a small octagon temple incloses a cistern of Egyptian breccia, of incomparable beauty, both on account of its nature and of the innumerable hieroglyphic figures with which it is covered within and with 314 out. This monument, which is without | gious temple would have been raised in doubt a sarcophagus of ancient Egypt, the midst of Paris; where, to complete will be perhaps illustrated by volumes of the mockery of Buonaparte's imitation of dissertations. It may be considered as the son of Philip, the same tomb that had one of the chief spoils of Egypt, and one once enclosed the body of that hero would of the most precious morsels of antiquity have been reserved for the bones of his with which it might be wished we could mimic." enrich one of our museums. My enthusiasm was participated by Dolomieux when we together discovered this precious monument." The reader will here probably feel some surprise that Denon should not allude to the supposition that this "precious monument" was the tomb of Alexander the Great. He must have known that such was the opinion stated by all previous writers, and entertained by the natives themselves; and his silence is easily explained by the sequel of its history, which shall be given in the words of Dr. Clarke, in the work which he published, entitled, "Testimonies respecting the Tomb of Alexander." The silence of Denon is now accounted for. The tomb is no longer a theme of On the retaking of Alexandria by the "In spite of their vaunted toleration and affected regard for the religious opinions of a people whose sanctuaries they It is one huge and entire block of had pledged themselves to protect, the green Egyptian breccia, covered, as has mosque of St. Athanasius was invaded by been said, within and without with hieroFrench troops; and the sarcophagus, glyphics. Its dimensions are ten feet which they found the inhabitants of the three inches and a half in length, five feet city venerating as the tomb of the founder three inches and a half in breadth, three of their city, was borne away amidst the feet ten inches in height, and the thickhowling and lamentation of its worship-ness of its sides ten inches. pers, and even exciting insurrection among the people, and condemned to augment the collection of plunder in the museums of Paris. After its removal, the most cautious measures were used to conceal it from observation. With prodigious difficulty and labour they had placed it in the hold of a crazy vessel in the harbour, which, being converted into a hospital, might on that account escape observation, and in other respects was not likely to become an object of at tention. "Other vicissitudes awaited this remarkable monument. A British army came to give life and liberty to the oppressed inhabitants of Egypt, and the tomb of the greatest conqueror the world ever knew devolved, by right of conquest, to their victorious arms. Had it been conveyed to the metropolis of France, instead of the silence which is so cautiously observed respecting it, Europe would have been told that a hieroglyphic inscription having recorded the actions of a Ptolemy, the Alexandrian Sarcophagus, in the same language, might also relate the expeditions, the conquests, and the glories of Alexander. A prodi Dr. Clarke here alludes to an objection brought against the genuineness of this antiquity, on the ground that the employment of the hieroglyphic character indicates an age prior to Alexander, whereas the inscription on the celebrated Rosetta stone, though in the same character, is known to have been written at a time subsequent to the æra of Alexander. BOOK-KEEPERS' SITUATIONS ON Facts, not fictions. (Continued from page 303.) A LITTLE further on, he probably passes gang of negroes repairing the highway. They appear to him working very eagerly, as if under the influence of some strong inducement to exertion; he rides slowly past them, and he then observes a white overlooker, and two savage-looking black fellows; one walking about whip in hand, the other with his arms crossed leaning on another bamboo, as if closely scrutinizing some one in the gang. He begins now to ruminate in his mind whether the drivers actually flog the slaves with these tremendous whips, or if they are only carried as symbols of authority, as the mace is carried before the Lord Mayor simply with this view, and not with any intention of using it in the Irish fashion, when a piercing scream, followed by a loud report of the whip, terrifies him and startles his horse, who, already maddened with the heat of an almost vertical sun, springs and plunges amongst the negroes. They, always suspicious of whites, fly off alarmed, grinningly exclaiming, “ Massa, him new come from England." At this unpalatable remark the novice is confused, puts spurs to his horse, and, having met with no other adventures, arrives at the scene of his imaginary felicitous futurity, but which is, alas! destined to afford nothing else than a rich harvest of never-ceasing disappointments. Arrived at the estate, he delivers his attorney's letter, is courteously received by the overIt would be impossible, and not very seer, and his brother book-keepers endeavour instructive, to subjoin the arguments also to be attentive to him. His name is enwhich Dr. Clarke adduces to prove that tered on the estate's books, and, after a day or this is really the tomb of Alexander. two spent in looking about him, he then reWe had, however, intended to have intro-ceives his written orders from the overseer; and, as the insertion of such here may assist duced some remarks on hieroglyphics, as in furthering the end I have in view in writing intimately connected with this subject; this paper, the order that was sent to a youngest but this we must reserve as the topic of a book-keeper well known to myself now folseparate article. In a subsequent part of this number will be found another memorial of this mighty conqueror. This is an engraving of a medal which was formerly in the possession of Lysimachus, and which, after exciting much learned controversy, is now universally received as a representation of Alexander. The Greek characters which this medal bears are a further testimony to its genuineness, intimating (as does also the horn upon the head) the deification of the conqueror, as son of Jupiter Ammon. A THOUSAND NAMES OF BUDHA. SOME persons at Peking, and among them ing a sect whose distinguishing feature was the lows: "Mr. will please to call the list of the second gang every morning; afterwards will reckon the sheep and hogs, and see them dressed if required; after breakfast, he will return to the second gang, and attend them till half-past twelve o'clock; after dinner he will call the list of the gang, and then will return to see after the small stock. "Mr. will please to show Mr. to-morrow, the way he is to go through his employment. Overseer." (Signed) Such are the orders given to the youngest book-keeper, which he, under the tuition of a brother in office, instantly sets about giving effect to. The simple reading of the above instructions must convey but a faint idea of the really disgusting duties they call upon the youngest book-keeper to perform or superintend. Reckoning the sheep and hogs might be Dorne; but next comes- -O, filthy operation! the dressing of their maggotty sores, which, in so warm a climate, are disgusting even to view. These the book-keeper must see attended to, and, if he wishes to acquire a character for activity, he will be expected to assist himself. This done, he must hasten to the hen-house, when he receives from an old negress a notched stick, on which is marked, by cuts in different compartments, the birth, death, and actual number of every turkey, goose, duck, hen, and chicken on the estate. He afterwards numbers them himself, sees them fed, and makes out a list of the whole for the inspection of the overseer. His afternoons are for some months occupied, like the prodigal's, in "herding swine," although, unlike him, he does not altogether live on husks, if good living can amend for other disagrémens. He now begins to think in good earnest that he has been deceived by the hypocritical attention and assiduities of some kind West Indian friend. He begins to despond. His brother book-keepers, observing this, will encourage him to bear up; that they, too, did not like their duties at first, and that he, like themselves, will soon be used to it. He is advised by the overseer to carry a switch in his hand, to swear at the negroes if they don't work well, and to have always a sour look. He is also instructed that, if he wishes to be a planter, he must do as others do, and be sure, whenever he sees a black face, to set down its owner as a thief and a villain; and, if he does so, he will do no more than his duty. Such are a few of the additional instructions given to the young aspirant; he ruminates upon them and his honourable office while moving along from right to left of the gang, under the blaze of a scorching sun, his sensitive feelings wounded by overhearing the half-suppressed sneers and reproaches of the slaves, while his pride is hurt at their occasional laughs at his expence. Acting up to his instructions, he must endeavour to alter his physiognomy in the field, to appear inexorable when he would wish to be lenient, haughty when he would wish to be kind. A few words spoken by him to a negro may cost him his situation, at a moment's warning. 66 in his absence; and, having served a thorough, my remonstrances; they both went, and I motion. I would never for one moment suppose that for ever! run away," I never yet conversed with a white in Jamaica, whether book-keeper or overseer, who did not express some regret that he had ever left home; and many have I seen who indulged in feelings of the most poignant regret that they ever had done so. But if young men will not be convinced, they must be allowed to have their own way; only I beseech them to come under no engagement for a term of years; let them go unfettered, and take sufficient money with them to pay their passage home, as (if they possess the true feelings of British freemen) they will of course return, and enlist themselves in the honourable ranks of those who are at this moment joined hand in hand in defending the outraged rights of their black fellow subjects. CHARLES JOHNSTONE. London, March 26th, 1833. I have now endeavoured to depict the actual nature of book-keepers' duties; but I have merely told half the truth. At another time, MORAL AND RELIGIOUS INFLUENCE more may be divulged. Sufficient, however, I trust, has been said at present to warn young men to look before they leap. I strongly maintain, and maintain it I will When crop time comes, he will have to keep in the face of opposition, that no man can posspell the half of every other night. On small sibly be happy, or even tolerably comfortable, estates, the overseer and he sit up each night in Jamaica, in the shape of either book-keeper alternately. He will find such watching far or overseer, who has not had all his better from pleasant, after being on his feet for a feelings and sympathies seared and withered whole day. He requires to be continually up by the deadly blast of slavery. How comes moving about during the night, at one moment it otherwise that we hear of numbers not liking among the fumes of vapour ascending from the country at first, until, after some residence, the boiling sugar, at another in the yard, see- they felt themselves quite comfortable? It is ing what is doing there, exposed to the heavy just because, at first, they were shocked and dew. Thus has he to encounter two extremi-horrified at the daily scenes they witnessed; ties, as much on account of properly discharging his duty as of keeping himself in a state of waking consciousness. I am now nearly done with the youngest book-keeper, only assuring young aspirants for that office that these disagreeable and harassing duties, with many more concomitants, are in store for them, to which an unflinching obedience is exacted, or summary dismissal is the consequence. I would seriously advise such to pause and reflect before they make up their minds on going to Jamaica. But these are the duties they have to perform; and, if they approve of them, any thing that I could say would scarcely be of avail in altering their intentions. On large sugar estates, there is also a bookkeeper to look after the working cattle-the least disagreeable office of the whole; and one each for the large gang, and for the boilinghouse and still-house, during crop. The attendant on the large gang, if he has not disgusting duties to perform himself, has at least to witness the greatest cruelties; but, in fact, by the time a book-keeper has this charge, his feelings are so blunted that those cruelties are only looked upon by him as necessary for the due performance of labour. Those in the boiling-house and still-house are the two oldest. The first is the head book-keeper, who uniformly discharges the duties of the overseer but, after some seasoning and intercourse with This may perhaps be read by some intended I have all along left money out of the question; but, as this has a greater effect on some than other considerations of higher moment, I may mention that, from the expences a young book-keeper is put to in buying a horse, uniform for the militia, &c., he is generally in debt the very first year, and altogether he will only receive £40 sterling for his voluntary exile from his native land. But, perhaps, even all this won't have the desired effect in convincing wayward youngsters. Since my arrival in Scotland, I did all I could to persuade two young men, acquaintances of mine, from going out to Demerara, but they would not listen to OF THE CLASSICS. BRITISH CLASSICS.-ADDISON. THE various interesting sets of short essays, with the Spectator and Rambler at their head, must have had a very considerable influence, during a season at least, and not yet entirely extiret, on the moral taste of the public. Perhaps, however, it is too late in the day for any interest to be taken in religious animadversions which might with propriety have been ventured upon the Spectator, when it was the general and familiar favourite with the reading portion of the community. A work of such wide compass, and avowedly assuming the office of guardian and teacher of all good principles, gave fair opportunities for a Christian writer to introduce, excepting what is strictly termed science, a little of every subject affecting the condition and happiness of men. Why then was it fated that the stupendous circumstance of the redemption by the Messiah, of which the importance is commensurate with the whole interests of man, with the value of his immortal spirit, with the government of his Creator in this world, and with the happiness of eternity, should not a few times, in the long course and extensive moral jurisdiction of that work, be set forth in the most explicit, uncompromising, and solemn manner, in the full aspect and importance which it bears in the Christian revelation, with the directness and emphasis of apostolic fidelity! Why should not a few of the most peculiar of the doctrines, comprehended in the primary one of salvation by the Mediator, have been clothed with the fascinating elegance of Addison, from whose pen many persons would have received an occasional evangelical lesson with incomparably more candour than from any professed divine? A pious and benevolent man, such as the avowed advocate of Christianity ought to be, should not have been contented that so |