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woman, and consequently born to slavery. These two youths were flogged exactly in the mode already described, and writhed and groaned under the lash, as if enduring great agony. The mulatto bled most, and appeared to suffer most acutely. They received each thirty-nine lashes. Their offence was some deficiency in the performance of the task prescribed to them. They were both ordered to join their gang as usual in the afternoon at cane-cutting.

Two young women of about the same age were, one after the other, then laid down and held by four men, their back parts most indecently uncovered, and thirty-nine lashes of the blood-stained whip inflicted upon each poor creature's posteriors. Their exclamation likewise was, "Lord! Lord! Lord!" They seemed also to suffer acutely, and were apparently a good deal lacerated. Another woman (the sixth offender) was also laid down and uncovered for the lash; but, at the intercession of one of the drivers, she was reprieved. The offence of these three women was similar to that of the two young men-some defalcation in the amount of labour.

But

The overseer stood by and witnessed the whole of this cruel operation, with as much seeming indifference as if he had been paying them their wages. I was meanwhite perfectly unmanned by mingled horror and pity. Yet I have no reason to believe that the natural feelings of this young man (whose age did not exceed twenty-four years) were less humane or sensitive than my own. such is the callousness which constant familiarity with scenes of cruelty engenders. He had been a book-keeper, for four years previously, on another estate belonging to the same proprietors, and had been appointed overseer to this estate only a few months before. His reception of me when I arrived was so kind, frank, and cordial, that I could not have believed him, had I not seen it with my own eyes, to be capable of inflicting such cruelty on a fellow-creature.

As soon as this scene was over, the overseer came into the hall, and asked me to drink some rum and water with him. I told him I was sick, and could taste nothing: that I was, in fact, overwhelmed with horror at the scene I had just witnessed. He said it was not a pleasant duty certainly, but it was an indispensable one; and that I would soon get used, as others did, to such spectacles. I asked if he found it necessary to inflict such punishments frequently. He replied it was uncertain: "I may not," he said, "have to do it again this month, or I may have to do it again to-morrow."

(To be Continued.)

LA BELLE DE NUIT.

BY A WEST INDIAN.

THIS poetical name is given, in the French West India islands, to the "Marvel of Peru," the mirabilis jalapa of the botanists. In the English Caraibean Isles, it is known by the appellation of "the night primrose," and in Jamaica by that of "the four o'clock," from the hour at which it begins to expand its blossoms to the evening dews, or to close them to the morning sun-light. Oh! faithful to the darkling hour

When the last sunbeam's on the sea,
And evening dews fall on the flower,
And mountain winds breathe o'er the lea;
In that soft time-when whisper'd love
Finds rapture in its favourite bower,--
The pale blue star, that shines above

So coldly from its western tower,
Brings more of joy, lone flower, to thee,
Adorer of the silent night,
Than brighter skies to those that be
Companions of the gairish light.
Thine is the dewy drop that falls,

Like Pity's tear for those that grieve,-
The voice, when life with sorrow palls,
That bids the heart rejoice and live;
Thine is the silence, when the soul
Communes in secret and alone,

And, gazing on from pole to pole,
Sees other worlds besides its own;
Thine is the soft, the placid hour,

And hearts at rest shall linger still,
To bless thy bloom, meek, modest flower,
And bid thee bourgeon at thy will.
What though the azure dove hath sung
Its requiem to the setting sun,
And cliff and mountain glen have rung
With farewell songs, since day is done :
What though the humming-bird hath left
The closing flower of day, nor turns
To cull one kiss from thee, bereft
And darkly lone like one that mourns,—
Yet shall the mock-bird linger still

Upon its old accustom'd tree, And chaunt its sweetest, wildest trill, And latest song, lone flower, for thee. Pale blossom of the poet's star,

Emblem of meekness and of tears,
As o'er the tremulous waters far

The crescent moon in light appears,
I hail thee with a heart that feels
A darkened fate allied to thine;
For the chill wind that o'er thee steals

Is cold as friendship's hand to mine.
The night hath shed its dews for thee,
Thy flow'ret with its tears are wet,—
And I, too, feel mine hours to be
Like thine, the gloom when suns are set.

A

ABOLITION OF SLAVERY.

Ta very numerous and important GENERAL and of the friends of their canse, held at Exeter Hall, on Tuesday, April 2nd, 1833, the Right Hon. LORD SUFFIELD in the chair, the following Resolutions (the principles of which were earnestly supported by the gentlemen who moved and seconded them) were unanimously adopted :

Moved by T. F. Buxton, M. P., and seconded by
Joseph John Gurney, Esq.,

That this Meeting is deliberately and decidedly of opinion that the slaves of the British colonies have an undoubted and indefeasible right to their freedom, without delay and without condition. At the same time, this meeting will cheerfully consent, when this debt of justice has been fully paid, to promote such fair measures of relief to the West Indian planters as may be deemed needful by Parliament.

Moved by Earl Fitzwilliam, and seconded by the Rev.
J. W. Cunningham,

That this Meeting, in common with the public at large, looks forward with intense anxiety, though with confident hope, to the development of the "safe and satisfactory/ plan for the Abolition of Slavery, which his Majesty's Ministers have declared their intention of disclosing to Parliament on the 23rd of April.

Moved by Lord Morpeth, and seconded by George
Strickland, Esq., M.P.,

That being deliberately convinced that immediate and complete emancipation (as explained in a paper already issued by the Society) is not only clearly demanded by the solemn obligations of religion and justice, but is also most consistent with sound policy, and will best promote the prosperity of the slave colonies and the safety of all parties, this Meeting strongly deprecates any partial, imperfect, or protracted plan, as likely to fail in its object, and to prove highly inischievons in its results.

or

Moved by the Rev. John Burnet, seconded by Henry Pownall, Esq., and supported by G. Stephen, Esq., That Petitions, founded on the foregoing resolutions, be presented to both Houses of Parliament.

Moved by Lord Milton, seconded by William Smith, Esq., and supported by Dr. Lushington, M. P., That the cordial thanks of this meeting be given to the Right Hon. Lord Suffield, for kis conduct in the chair. THOMAS PRINGLE, Secretary.

Just Published, in 8vo., price 1s.,

OBSERVATIONS on IMPEDIMENTS of

SPEECH; with Remarks on their Treatment; in a Letter addressed to T. J. PETTIGREW, Esq., F.R.S., &c. &c. By RICHARD CULL.

Renshaw and Rush, 356, Strand.

BRITISH COLLEGE OF HEALTH, KING'S CROSS, NEW ROAD, LONDON. MORISON'S UNIVERSAL VEGETABLE MEDICINE.

Mr. Earl,

Sir,-My wife was suddenly seized with cramps in the body, legs, and hands, and exhibited all the symptoms usually attending what the doctors call Cholera Morbus. Satisfied that unequivocal power and efficacy was to be found only in the Universal Medicines," I immediately had recourse to them; gave her ten pills of No. 2; in two hours, ten more; when powerful evacuations reduced the

severity of the spasms and cramps, and a third dose of the same pilts, next day, restored her to health.

With gratitude to Mr. Morison, and all of the College of Health, I remain, dear Sir, yours truly, JOHN BALEY.

Whittlesea, Cambridgeshire, Oct. 3, 1832. P.S.-Mr. Anthony, Agent at Wisbeach, informs me of "two females that were attacked with the cholera ; one of them took the Universals,' in strong doses, and was well' after a few doses; the other took five pills, and would not take any more, but would have a medical attendant: the consequence was, she was bad for three weeks, and at the present time is not able to walk about.”

It is quite amusing to hear, at the different places where I have been, how the doctors try to bias the public mind by the trumpery tales of “poison,” “bread crumbs," some of one thing, some another, and some of all manner of things but the mystery is, they cannot say the right thing; or if they could, it would not pay them to act upon it. Say, however, all they can, invent and do all they can, the world is awake, and the public will have “Morison's Pills." I am, Gentlemen, yours, &c. Cambridge, Oct. 4th, 1832. THOMAS EARL

To Mr. Shephard,

Sir,-With grateful feelings I acknowledge the care wrought on me by your invaluable medicines in that dreadful disease, the Cholera Morbus. I was seized with the cramp, had an excessive discharge from the bowels, violent retchings, agonizing pain, with a violent heaving of the breast. The doctors declared that I should not live five minutes, a mortification having taken place; and, had it not been for the prompt attendance of your worthy agent, Mr. Black, I could not possibly have survived. He immediately administered the inedicine in powerful doses of nine pills, and by a quick operation of which the pain and sickness left. With thanks to Almighty God, the dispenser of every blessing, I acknowledge your invaluable inedicines had the desired effect.

I am, yours respectfully, MARGARET DAVIS. Chapel-street, Berwick, Oct. 3, 1832.

CAUTION TO THE PUBLIC. MORISON'S UNIVERSAL MEDICINES having superseded the use of almost all the Patent Medicines which the wholesale venders have foisted upon the credulity of the searchers after health, for so many years, the town druggists and chemists, not able to establish a fair fame on the invention of any plausible means of competition, have plunged into the mean expedicnt of puffing up a "Dr. Morrison" (observe the subterfuge of the double r), a being who never existed, as prescribing a "Vegetable Universal Pill, No. 1 and 2," for the express purpose (by means of this forged imposition upon the pab lic), of deteriorating the estimation of the "UNIVERSAL MEDICINES" of the "BRITISH COLLEGE OF HEALTH."

KNOW ALL MEN, then, that this attempted delusion must fall under the fact, that (however specious the pretence), none can be held genuine by the College but those which have "Morison's Universal Medicines" impressed upon the Government Stamp attached to each box and packet, to counterfeit which is felony by the laws of the land.

The "Vegetable Universal Medicines" are to be had at the College, New Road, King's Cross, London; at the Surrey Branch, 96, Great Surrey-street; Mr. Field's, 16, Airstreet, Quadrant; Mr. Chappell's, Royal Exchange; Mr. Walker's, Lamb's-conduit-passage, Red-lion-square; Mr. J. Loft's, Mile-end-road; Mr. Bennett's, Covent-gardenmarket; Mr. Haydon's, Fleur-de-lis-court, Norton-falgate; Mr. Haslet's, 147, Ratcliffe-highway; Messrs. Norbury's, Brentford; Mrs. Stepping, Clare-market; Messrs. Salmon, Little Bell-alley; Miss Varai's, 24, Lucas-street, Commercial-road; Mrs. Beech's, 7, Sloane-square, Chelsea; Mrs. Chapple's, Royal Library, Pall-mall; Mrs. Pippen's, 18, Wingrove-place, Clerkenwell; Miss C. Atkinson, 19, New Trinity-grounds, Deptford; Mr. Taylor, Hanwell; Mr. Kirtlam, 4, Bolingbroke-row, Walworth; Mr. Payne, 64, Jermyn-street; Mr. Howard, at Mr. Wood's, hair-dresser, Richmond; Mr. Meyar, 3, May's-buildings, Blackheath; Mr. Griffiths, Wood-wharf, Greenwich; Mr. Pitt, 1, Cornwall-road, Lambeth; Mr. J. Dobson, 35, Craven-street, Strand; Mr. Oliver, Bridge-street, Vauxhall; Mr. J. Monck, Bexley Heath; Mr. T. Stokes, 12, St. Ronan's, Deptford; Mr. Cowell, 22, Terrace, Pimlico; Mr. Parfitt, 96, Edgware-road; Mr. Hart, Portsmouth-place, Kennington-lane; Mr. Charlesworth, grocer, 124, Shoreditch; Mr. R. G. Bower, grocer, 22, Brick-lane, St. Luke's; Mr. S. J. Avila, pawnbroker, opposite the church, Hackney; Mr J. S. Briggs, 1, Brunswick-place, Stoke Newington; Mr. T. Gardner, 95, Wood-street, Cheapside, and 9, Nortonfalgate; Mr. J. Williamson, 15, Seabright-place, Hackneyroad; Mr. J. Osborn, Wells-street, Hackney road, and Homerton; Mr. H. Cox, grocer, 16, Union-street, Bishopsgate-street: Mr. T. Walter, cheesemonger, 67, Hoxton Ol Town; and at one agent's in every principal town in Great Britain, the Islands of Guernsey and Malta; and throngh out the whole of the United States of America.

N. B. The College will not be answerable for the consequences of any medicines sold by any chymist or druggist, as none such are allowed to sell the "Universal Medicines."

Printed by J. HADDON and Co.; and Published by J. CRISP, at No. 27, Ivy Lane, Paternoster Row, where all Advertisements and Commanications for the Editor are to be addressed.

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THESE are the remains of an ancient fortress, which appears, from historical notices, to have been a strong hold of considerable magnitude and importance. The name Denbigh originally signifies a little hill, and designates the site of the town as compared with the neighbouring mountains. The Castle crowns the summit of this hill, one side of which is quite precipitous. The entrance to it is very magnificent, beneath a Gothic arch, over which is the statue of Henry de Lacy, Earl of Lincoln, who built it in the reign of Edward I., and who is represented as sitting in stately flowing robes. On each side of the gateway stood a large octagonal tower. The breaches of it are

"vast and awful;" they serve, however, to discover the ancient manner of building. A double wall appears to have been built, with a considerable interval filled with all sorts of rubbish, stone, and hot mortar, which became consolidated by time into a stony hardness. This part of the building, we are told, was never completed, the work having been relinquished by the earl on the loss of his eldest son, who was accidentally drowned in a well, the spring of which is still to be seen in the Castle-yard. The prospect through the broken arches is extensive and extremely picturesque.

But few events are recorded in the history of this place that are worthy of a

particular mention. Charles I. spent a night here in September 1645, after his retreat from Chester, in a tower which has ever since been called the king's tower. In 1646, the Castle was garrisoned by the royalists; its governor was Colonel William Salisbury, commonly called bluestockings. It was besieged by troops under the command of Major-general Mytton. This siege was commenced about the 16th of July; but so vigorous was the defence, that it was not surrendered until the 3rd of November, and then on very honourable conditions. It is said to have been blown up after the restoration of Charles II.

NOTES ON THE ISLAND OF CUBA. FROM THE UNPUBLISHED MEMORANDA OF A

TRAVELLER.

No. III.

It was one of the early remarks of Columbus that the climate of Cuba was more temperate than that of the other islands. The nights, to him, were neither hot nor cold; and the lovely scenes among its groves, or along its flowery shores, had given it so much the character of beauty and salubrity that he bursts out, in one of his earliest letters, with the exclamation that "he could live there for ever." This mild temperature excites the remark of all persons who visit it from the other colonies To my sensation, the mornings and nights were excessively cold, as much so as those in the autumn of Europe; and, notwithstanding that the low and flat nature of the coast gave the impression of a country unpropitious to the health of man, a short residence on the shores of this district, badly as they were cleared, and partially as they were improved, both by drainage and cultivation, soon convinced me of its natural salubrity. Though all that met the view exhibited the fact that it was a country but just emerging from its original rudeness into tillage, and the fields had not been subjected to that degree of healthinspiring toil, in the all-providing care of nature, which renders labour necessary for the well-being of man, and the preservation of his health, yet I soon perceived that there were certain natural characteristics in the uncultivated country which gave it advantages that art alone is supposed to confer elsewhere. The immense open savannas, as varied and interesting in their features as spots on which the hand of industry had bestowed its diligent labour, break continually the still shades of the heavy forest, and, giving it the advantage of a country more cleared and more generally cultivated, render at once its air salubrious, and its temperature agreeable. Damp woods do not interrupt the free course of the diurnal and nocturnal winds; and the tides on the coast, incessantly drawing off the flooded waters from the morasses, do not permit them to impoison the breeze with noxious vapours. All parts being exposed to the influence of the prevailing winds, coolness and salubrity is impressed every where. The mountains, which rise from out the far-spread plains, and stretch along the interior, are sufficiently lofty to secure that streaming of condensed air which, from sunset to sunrise, pours from their summits to the sea, and is known by the name of the land breeze; and being sufficiently, distant, also, not to reflect back the direct rays of the sun upon the coast, they do not overheat the atmosphere by day. The soil of Cuba is generally moist, but not boggy. To a person at sea, after the sun has burst from the east, a great body of vapour is seen to accumulate over the savannas and lowlands. The mountains at this time are free from clouds; but as the day advances these vapours coalesce as they ascend, and pour down from the high lands a continual supply of rivulets, or, by filling with moisture every fissure of the earth, render springs of fresh water to be found every where at a convenient depth.

The soil of the lowlands in the neighbourhood of Manzanilla is a deep black mould, extended on a bed of occasional marl or clay. It is remarkably destitute of stony substances, scarce any earthy concretions being to be found as big as the hand, so that the labour of cul

tivation is rendered extremely light and easy. | where it is so, though the customary mode is The earth is profusely fertile, and the luxuriant to do without knife altogether, its use being vegetation yields its fruit in prodigious bulk scarcely required in their culinary preparaand in amazing abundance. Of the clay the tions. Their dishes are generally olios and inhabitants avail themselves by working it into stews, in which garlics invariably more or less excellent pottery, as well as into bricks and prevail, and in which lard or oil is abundant. tiles. The superiority of the porous cooling- The various preparations of beef, mutton, pork, jars of Cuba has rendered this manufacture fish, or fowl, are then passed round to each an article of extensive commerce throughout person, as wine is at an English dessert, and all the neighbouring colonies. They preserve every one, commencing first with the stranger, the elegant simplicity of the forms in which at table, supplies himself as he pleases. In they were found manufactured by the Indians, the order in which each individual clears the and possess an air strikingly associated with contents of his plate, the dishes are passed on, the classic models of the old Etruscan pottery. that he may help himself again. The lighter Limestone is scarce: the consequence is that wines of Spain are the common table drink of every fragment of the coral, forming the reefs all classes, such as the tinto or red wine, and of the coast, as well as every shell thrown on the white or mountain wine, but more genethe beach by the surf, and every calcarious sub-rally the red. The Malaga and sherry are stance found in the fields, are diligently col- those of the dessert; the rich fruits of the lected to be burnt into lime. Vessels visiting country, and the dried fruits of the Mediterthe port are also encouraged to ballast with ranean, finishing the repast. These last are limestone. The inhabitants thus endeavour, by brought on with the cigars, a little pan conevery available means, to overcome one of the taining lighted charcoal being placed in the disadvantages resulting from their rich alluvial middle of the table. After smoking and talksoil. ing freely for half an hour, by which time it may be about two or three o'clock in the day, each person retires from the table to his cot or hammock, for a sleep, called the siesta. Among the many estimable qualities possessed by the Spaniard is his sobriety in eating and drinking. His morning meal is simply a cup of coffee or chocolate, tea being used seldom otherwise than medicinally. His breakfast, at ten o'clock, differs little from his dinner, except in the absence of wine and fruit; and his supper is a simple repast of bread and sallad.

As the stranger who retains his peculiar habits among the Spaniards, whose manners and sentiments are those of the south of Europe, and consequently of that part of its continent exclusively of the Catholic faith, subjects himself to religious dislike, and to an unsocial and inhospitable reserve by no means natural to the Spanish character, I changed my habits with my change of place, became adopted into the family with which I resided, and, as there are no inns or taverns among them, partook of that national hospitality conveyed in the characteristic reply given when inquiries are made by strangers for a house of public accommodation, that "he that is known requires no such place, and he that is unknown has no business here." The domestic comforts of the inhabitants here, however, are few,-at least in the way that we have been accustomed to estimate such things. The wife is scarcely clevated beyond the condition of a servant. In the house she forms no part of the husband's society. It did not seem to me to be otherwise in the more opulent families. The mother and daughters diet at a different table from the male portion of the household, and their repasts are served to them at a different hour. A Spaniard appears to me to consider a dinner-table incapable of social elegance. Individual convenience being the principal circumstance attended to, the whole sinks into a mere bodily gratification, holding no better place in social estimation than the commonest indulgence of the senses. The Arabs, after the fatigues of a caravan, resting in the desert, taking their meals by a midnight fire, and listening to some wild tale of imagination, has less of the absence of civilization than the dinner of a colonial Spaniard. The stranger, at a dinner party, must set aside his diffidence. The courtesy of the host in helping him first must not be looked for; the civility of a Spaniard observes no other ceremony than that of urging his guest to supply himself from the dish before any of the company. I shall describe the dinner meal, and all the others will be duly appreciated. The bread is cut up and placed in the middle of the table, and every one is thus left, from time to time, to take what he requires. Two plates are distributed to each person, so that the ceremony of a change is effected by oneself, and the attendance of a servant very much dispensed with. Each person is supplied with a knife, a fork, and spoon, at least it has been my lot to be in houses

The houses, from the windows being grated with bars of turned hardwood, have, as I have said, a secluded, unsocial look. It gives to those who inhabit them an appearance of being under duress or social restraint. The larger apartments, such as the saloon, &c., are seldom occupied. Some detached or open spot at the back of the dwelling is the usual sitting-room of the family. As to bed-rooms, or the separate sleeping apartments which we call so, they can scarcely be said to have any. A large chamber, in which may be three or four cots and a hammock or two, forms a kind of common dormitory, one for the men, and another for the females; and their cots and hammocks, folded during the day and opened at night, and supplied with a sheet and pillow, are the furniture of a bed-room. The general appearance of their houses, however, is that of extreme cleanliness; and, as they cook with charcoal, their kitchens have always the freshness of recent whitewash.

The observation is not true, that the beauty of the Spanish ladies reigns most conspicuous in their novels and romances. A very pleasing delicacy of countenance is certainly their general characteristic. Their fine regular features, and full dark eyes shining through raven ringlets and tresses (for they take an infinite deal of pains in dressing their hair), are heightened by a simple archness in the expression of the face, which gives them a natural air of wit and vivacity extremely prepossessing. But to those who have lived in Spanish families freely and socially, there are certain drawbacks in their habits which at once dissipate all the illusions with which novels and romances have invested their spirit and beauty. They are careless of decency in their persons. To see

* The butchers, in preparing their meat for sale, separate the flesh from the bone by cutting it into narrow strips, and sell it, not by weight, bat by

measure.

them in their household affairs on ordinary days, with loose attire, slip-shod feet, naked ancles, and bosoms bare (for their morning dress is seldom confined by ties or bands, and the restraint of stays is an artifice to assist the graces of nature unknown to the simple maids of Cuba), and then to observe them after siesta, or on feast-days and Sundays, trim and bizarre, coquetish as you please, in the exuberance of finery, the striking change scarcely fails to remind one of the amusing tale of our childhood-the fairy story of Cinderella and the glass slipper seems to be realized.

To refuse any thing offered by a Spaniard, be it what it may, is a mark of incivility, more especially if it be from the hand of a lady. As both sexes smoke, a person incessantly encounters presents of cigars; and to do any thing less than apply them to their destined purpose in the company of the person whose courtesy you acknowledge by accepting the gift, would be as ridiculously ill-bred an act as pocketing a pinch of snuff from the splendid tabatiere offered you by some condescending lord. As the bosom of a Spanish lady is the depository of every thing, from her rosary, her crucifix, and amulet, to her choicely-twisted cigars, it is a mark of especial regard when she condescends to hand a gift to a stranger from this depository. He is indeed esteemed uncourteous who should disregard so sentimental a present. The evidences of an honour conferred-I should rather say, of favour and respect—are still further marked when she invites you to light the cigar thus offered at the one glowing within her own lips. There is an evident sentiment accompanying all this; a Spanish lady betrays it in her eyes. "Do me the favour to receive this from my bosom," is said with a look and smile that impress you with the consciousness of being a favoured person. The courteous bow, linked with the word "servidora" that follows the "lo estimo" of the person thus noticed, completes the condesceusion.

SLAVERY IN JAMAICA.

(Continued from p. 296.)

THIS, my first full view of West India slavery, occurred on the 4th of September, 1832, between twelve and two o'clock, being the day after my landing in the island, and within an hour after my arrival on the plantation.

I resided on New Ground estate, from the time of my arrival in the beginning of September, and exclusive of some occasional absences, altogether fully seven weeks; and, during that period, I witnessed with my own eyes the regular flogging of upwards of twenty negrocs. I heard also of many other negroes being flogged, by order of the overseer and book-keepers, in the field, while I resided on the plantation, besides the cases which came under my own personal observation. Neither do I include in this account the slighter floggings inflicted by the drivers in superintending the working gangs,-which I shall notice afterwards.

The following are additional cases of which I have a distinct recollection. But I have retained

the precise date of only one of these cases (the 12th), from having found it necessary to destroy almost all my papers, in consequence of the threats of the Colonial Unionists.

1st. A slave employed in the boiling-house. He was a very stout negro, and uncommonly well dressed for a slave. He was laid down on the ground, held by two men, and flogged on the naked flesh in the mode I have described, receiving 39 lashes. I was afterwards assured by one of the book-keepers that this negro had really committed no offence, but that the overseer had him punished to spite a book-keeper under whose

charge this slave was at the time, and with whom he had a difference; and, as he could not flog the Such, at least, book-keeper, he flogged the slave. was the account I received from a third party, another book-keeper. I could scarcely have given credit to such an allegation, had I not heard of had no cause to doubt. similar cases on other plantations, on authority I

2nd and 3rd. Two young women. This punishment took place one evening on the barbecue, where pimento is dried. Mr. M'Lean, the overseer, and I, were sitting in the window-seat of his hall; and I was just remarking to him that I observed the drivers took great pride in being able to crack their whips loud and well. While we were thus conversing, the gang of young slaves, employed in plucking pimento, came in with their basket-loads. The head book-keeper, as usual, proceeded to examine the baskets, to ascertain that each slave had duly performed the task allotted. The baskets of two poor girls were pronounced deficient; and the book-keeper immediately ordered them to be flogged. The overseer did not interfere, nor ask a single question, the matter not being deemed of sufficient importance to require his interference, though this took place within a few yards of the open window where we were sitting. One of the girls was instantly laid down, her back parts uncovered in the usual brutal and indecent manner, and the driver commenced flogging-every stroke upon her flesh giving a loud crack, and the wretched creature at the same time calling out in agony, "Lord! Lord! Lord!" That," said the overseer, turning to me, with a chuckling laugh, that is the best cracking, by G-d!"* The other female was then flogged also on the bare posteriors, but not quite so severely. They received, as usual, each 39 lashes.

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4th and 5th. On another occasion I saw two

girls, from ten to thirteen years of age, flogged by order of the overseer. They belonged to the second gang, employed in cane-weeding, and were accused of having been idle that morning. Two hold them down. They got e ch 39. other girls of the same age were brought up to

6th and 7th. After this Is two young men flogged (very severely) in the cooper's yard. I did

not learn their offence.

8th. On another occasion, a man in the road leading from New Ground to Golden Spring. We met this man while riding out, and for some offence which I did not learn (for by that time I had found my inquiries on such points had become offensive), the overseer called a driver from the field, and ordered him 39 on the spot.

9th and 10th. Two young men before breakfast, for having slept too long. They were mule-drivers; and, it being then crop time, they had been two days and a night previously at work without sleep. As the overseer and I were going out at day-break (the sun was not up), we found them only putting the harness on their mules. They ought, according to the regulations then prescribed on the plantation, to have been out half an hour sooner; and for this offence they received a very severe flogging.

11th. A girl who had been missing for some days, having absconded from the plantation for fear of punishment.

arrived of Buonaparte's having returned to Paris from Elba. He said that all was in motion and commotion. The Duke of Wellington sent for him to bring Harder's great Map of the Low Countries to his own house immediately; and, when he brought it, they both spread it open upon the ground, and knelt down over it, to examine the particular places where Buonaparte would probably direct his forces on the commencement of hostilities. This was after the memorable declaration of the sovereigns, at Vienna, not to keep the sword in the scabbard so long as Buonaparte should continue head of the French empire. The duke seemed to know every spot, as if by intuition, where his adversary would halt or commence an attack. While they were thus occupied, the Emperor of Russia entered the room, and the young man prepared quickly to retire; not, however, before he saw the emperor and the duke both stooping down over the map in question, and heard the former say to the latter, first jogging his elbow: Enfin, Wellington, ce sua pour vous de chasser l'ennemi hors du pays.'-In fact, Wellington, you are the man who must drive the enemy out of the country.' Was ever prediction so gloriously verified ?"

JEREMY BENTHAM.

Examine

As to prisons, it is impossible to judge of the propriety of this punishment, until every thing which relates to their structure, and to their in general, contain every thing likely to pollute interior government, is understood. Prisons, the body, and debase the mind. them merely as the abodes of inactivity: the faculties of the prisoners languish, and become enervated, from disuse; their organs, no longer pliant, are paralysed; injured in their character, and interrupted in their habits of labour, they are goaded by misery into crime; placed under the subaltern despotism of persons who are generally depraved by the sight of wickedness and the practice of tyranny, these unfor tunate men may be exposed to a thousand unknown sufferings, by which they are embittered against society, and hardened against punishment.

In a moral point of view, a prison is a school in which vice learns, by the most certain means, that every attempt to acquire virtue is vain and idle. Spleen, revenge, and want, preside at this education of perversity. Emulation becomes the parent of crime. The ferocious inspires others with his ferocity; the cunning, with his tricks; the debauched, with his licentiousness.

Every thing that can debase the heart and the imagination is the resource of their despair: united by a common interest, they mutually aid each other in shaking off the yoke of shame. Upon the ruins of social ANECDOTE OF THE DUKE OF WEL-honour a false honour arises, composed of de

LINGTON.

THE following anecdote is given on the testimony of Dr. Dibdin, in his "Bibliographical Tour."" One young man," says the Doctor, (of the house of Ariaria, the bookseller,) "of genteel appearance and pleasing address, used to claim a considerable share of my attention and conversation; and he gave me some curious particulars connected with the state of the metropolis (Vienna), when the news first

The cart-whip, when wielded by a vigorons arm, gives forth a loud report, which, without any exaggeration, may be likened to the report of a small pistol. I have often heard it distinctly at two miles' distance in the air.

open

ceit, of intrepidity in opprobrium, of forgetfulness of the future, of enmity against the human race. It is thus that our unfortunate fellow creatures, who might have been restored to virtue and happiness, pride themselves upon the heroism of crime, and the sublime of wickedness.

A criminal, after having completed his term in prison, ought not, without precaution and trial, to be restored to society; he ought not to be permitted to pass immediately from a state of inspection and of captivity, to unlimited liberty; to be at once abandoned to all the temptations of loneliness, of misery, and of desire sharpened by long privation.

THE TOURIST.

MONDAY, APRIL 22, 1833.

circle, high or low, political, commercial, or religious, the inquiry is still, Will slavery be abolished? All feel a common interest in the answer to this momentous question, and all who ask it seem equally removed from every selfish anxiety except to stand acquitted of voluntary participation in the national guilt.

We have often had the pleasure of paying a tribute of respect to The Chris- unimportant, either in their numbers or their There is, however, a certain party, now very tian Advocate, for the warmth and talent influence, who are wholly inaccessible to the with which they maintain the cause near- generous feelings of their countrymen. We est to our own hearts-the Abolition of do not allude to the paltry few whose pockets Colonial Slavery. We have now to thank are interested in the discussion. As respects the writer of one of the most cheering them, it is equally useless to appeal to their energetic, and eloquent articles which judgment or their feeling; but, for reasons not very obvious, the colonial question has we have ever read on this subject, for the been adopted by the party now in opposition, pleasure we have received in its perusal; as their shibboleth. One and all have agreed and we gladly embrace the opportunity to try their political faith by this test. we now possess of giving to it a more ex- Tory of the old school to abolish slavery: tended circulation. Many of our readers, "Bless your heart, it is a direct invasion of in common with ourselves, will recognize aristocratic privilege!" Appeal to the lawyer in this article a hand to which the cause equity, and he tells you the question involves of some fifty years' standing in a court of of justice and benevolence is unspeakably every tenure of real estate! Remind the indebted, and will join us in congratu-churchman of the divine command, to do to lating that gentleman on the feelings which he must enjoy at the present crisis, whether he look back to his own exertions, or forward to the prospects of his

cause.

It is difficult to find expressions adequate to those mingled feelings of satisfaction and anxiety with which we regard the present state of the colonial question.

Ask a

others as we would have others do to us, he replies at once, "Very true, sir; but this destructive anti-slavery principle trenches on the divine right to tithe;" and thus, between the one and the other, some favourite political maxim is always found to vindicate hostility to abolition; not because one among them ventures to deny its abstract justice, but that it is linked, in some way, with that chain of antiquated principle which now forms the disIt is well known to our readers that we have tinguishing trait of the self-called Conservafrom the first taken it up as a question, not tive party. Is this reasonable? Is it right? only directly involving the interests of huma- Is the fate, temporal and eternal (for their nity, but as intimately connected with the Christian instruction is involved in the quescharacter of our country, with our national tion), of a million of our fellow-creatures to be prosperity, with the very principles of our re- thus entangled with matters of partial and ligious faith. This was no sudden conviction party interest? Are a million of human beings -no creed adopted with a view to our success to be made the counters of a political game? as journalists-but the result of mature and Are the souls of men equal in number to a anxions reflections upon the subject, as con- twentieth part of the population of England nected with the policy of the state, and the is the soul of one among them to be the duty of a Christian community. Long before stake which a bishop or a statesman shall venthe colonists had made the bold avowal that ture for his political existence? The hour is Christianity and slavery were irreconcilably coming, and perhaps it is not far distant, when opposed, we had arrived at that conclusion. the remorse of a death-bed conscience will anWhile it was yet a vexata quæstio whether sla-swer these questions in a tone that will speak very conduced to the pecuniary interest of the of eternal sorrow. It is the pertinacity, the state, we bad satisfied ourselves that the homely bigoted obstinacy, which, in defiance of the adage, Honesty is the best policy," applied national opinion, has banded together the opwith equal force to the gigantic operations of ponents of liberal principles, in stubborn rea country, as to the humble affairs of an indi- sistance to the views of the abolitionists, that vidual; and upon these principles we adopted has occasioned our anxiety. We are willing, the Anti-slavery side. We do, indeed, rejoice indeed, to believe-we may say we are asnow to find that we rightly calculated upon sured-that many are to be found among the their ultimate success with the public; in partisans of the old Tory system who feel fact, it only required that their eyes should be ashamed of this desperate and degrading opened to the real merits of the case, to ensure manœuvre. Many there are who, disgusted the operation of that good sense which charac- that slavery should become the badge of their terises our country. Their eyes are opened; party, have nobly renounced their allegiance people are now astonished that they have been to it, and abjured the unholy alliance. Thinkso long blinded; each man asks his neighbouring and moderate men begin to feel that it is why he knew not all these things before; and with an impetuosity, proportioned to its previous apathy, the country insists upon an iminediate and entire reform.

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And this is right: lost time must be retrieved; the apology of ignorance, poor as it was, is gone; every man, woman, and child in the United Kingdom now understands the case; and, understanding it, all are resolute to redeem themselves from the charge of insensibility. This is the source of our satisfaction: go where we will, abolition is now the all-absorbing topic of conversation; in every

sinful to carry their party attachment to such extremities; and among these are, at this moment, to be found many recent, but zealous converts to the anti-slavery cause.

We have introduced these remarks, to which we would especially entreat the attention of our clerical readers, whether Churchmen or Dissenters, as preliminary to some important advice which we are about to offer. The anniversary meeting of the Anti-Slavery Society, held at Exeter Hall on the 2nd instant, was distinguished, not less by the rank and influence of the public characters assembled on the |

platform, than by the large and unusual proportion of the male sex in the centre of the room. As far as we could judge, by actual enumeration, they were more than two to one, behind the five or six benches generally reserved for the ladies. But the meeting was not less distinguished by the tone of its proceedings than by the character of its members. It was well understood that the decision of the

ministerial measure, which is promised to be "safe and satisfactory," would be materially affected by the temper which might then be indicated upon one important point. The artifice of the colonial party has, for some time, been insinuating to the minister that public feeling has become blunted by apprehension of the expenses attendant upon immediate emancipation; and not less so by a fear lest the measure should work incalculable distress upon many innocent individuals. The stratagem was dexterous; but it has altogether failed. When Mr. Buxton fairly put it to the emancipation, even though they should emmeeting if they grudged the expenses of brace a scheme, not of compensation, but of relief, long-continued and unanimous applause expressed their cheerful assent. Mr. Gurney followed, and was received with similar approbation. Towards the conclusion of the meeting, Mr. George Stephen, at Mr. Buxton's request, stated his views upon this question, at the same time protesting strongly against the principle of compensation; and the meeting reiterated their willing acquiescence; whilst Lord Fitzwilliam, and the Rev. Mr. Burnet, were not less cheered in their disclaimers of the compensatory principle. It was clearly felt that, though abolition was essentially opposed to the direct or indirect pecuniary redemption of the slave, Christian charity alike forbade that we should grudge a sacrifice for the necessary costs of effecting it, or for the relief of those, if any, who might suffer embarrassment as the indisputable result. The resolutions of the meeting accordingly expressed this feeling, and thus informed the minister, in terms not to be mistaken, that he should find no excuse for half measures, in the supposed repugnance of the country to a reasonable expenditure in support of a decided step. We entreat those gentlemen, those reverend and right reverend gentlemen especially, who are alarmed by the puling cry of ruin to the innocent, and destitution to the widow and orphan, to take note of this. As to the expenses of a new magistracy and police, we will answer for it that they will be repaid ten-fold, by the savings in our military and naval establishments, when freemen, instead of slaves, are to be kept in order.

The two committees at Aldermanbury have acted on this occasion with a spirit and cordiality that do them credit. On the day following that of the meeting, they resolved to make their last effort to awaken the country to an energetic action becoming the awful crisis. For this purpose they issued to every association an appeal of a very decided character. They have called upon the provincial societies to echo back the resolutions passed at Exeter Hall, by sending delegates to London, on the 18th instant, to represent to the Colonial Minister the intensity of the national feeling. Nothing can be more useful or more impressive than this. Our opponents have misrepresented, and Government have doubted, the sincerity of our anti-slavery pretensions. No means could be found to remove the delusion so satisfactory as a vivâ você exposure of it. We confidently anticipate such an assemblage

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