the thickets about the town, and attacked the batteries; but, being bravely repulsed by the inhabitants with considerable loss, they were glad to drop down the keys, profiting by the Experience that the courage of a brave people compensates the inadequate defence of nature and of art. THE TOURIST. MONDAY, APRIL 1, 1833. REPORT OF THE SLAVERY COMMIT- WILLIAM TAYLOR, ESQ. THE following evidence of Mr. Taylor, given on oath before the Lords' Committee, will assist our readers in estimating the value of that testimony which is adduced by Colonial writers in proof of the happy condition of the Negro population. The internal economy of a slave plantation being little understood in this country, it is naturally enough supposed that the same facility of observation exists as amongst ourselves. Every person, therefore, who has paid a visit to the colonies, and more especially military and naval officers, attorney-generals, bishops, and governors,-are supposed to know every thing respecting slavery. How far this is from being the case Mr. Taylor's evidence will show. His long residence in the colony, and his intimate acquaintance with the plantation system, eminently qualified him to give an opinion on the subject. You have been some years resident in Jamaica, have you not?-Nearly thirteen years. At what period did your residence commence, and at what period did it conclude?—I went to Jamaica in 1816, and remained there till 1823; I returned in 1824, and remained till the end of 1825; left it in 1825, returned in 1826, and finally left it in 1831; making altogether, I think, nearly thirteen years in the island. In what capacity or capacities did you officiate while resident in Jamaica?-The greater part of the time I was engaged in commercial pursuits; more than two years I was actively occupied in the management of estates. During that time you had opportunities of observing the slave population, and the management of several estates with which you were connected? --Yes. Do you think it possible for any man to acquire an accurate knowledge of the system that prevails in the interior of a plantation, unless he has been +ome time domiciled on an estate?—I think it necessary that he should not only be domiciled, but that he should be actively employed in some branch of the administration of the estate. You do not think it possible for any man to acquire an accurate knowledge of the system that prevails in the interior of the plantation unless he is so employed?--I should not say it was utterly impossible; for a man may be so constituted that, though living upon an estate, and not actively employed in the management of it, he may resolutely set himself to work to obtain that information; but, looking at the aspect of society in Jamaica, I do not think any man ever has equired that knowledge; such a man as Mungo Park might acquire it, but it is not at all probable that any man would. You mean that it is highly improbable?—Yes. Will you have the goodness to state the circumstances which appear to you to make it improbable that persons should acquire that information? - I think it improbable, because when an individual goes upon an estate in Jamaica merely as a visitor unconnected with the estate, unauthorized to make slaves, do you think any person competent, from class of persons can. I believe that a missionary From that it is collected that, to be intimately Supposing evidence to be given upon the sub- The witness is directed to withdraw. | them any intentional falsehood in the evidence they might give, think that it was likely to be of so vague and indefinite a character as to be entitled to little credit? I think it would, as compared with evidence given by one practically acquainted with the system. If a stranger were found in conversation with a gang of field slaves during their work, or entering their huts after the hours of labour, for the purpose of ascertaining from their own lips the particulars of their treatment, would he not expose himself almost to the certainty of personal insult and legal proceedings for a trespass by the attorney or overseer? The probability is that he would be insulted, and, if he persevered in making such inquiries, that he would be prosecuted. And again, at page 584, the witness is asked: Do you think that military or naval men, engaged in their professional duties on the station, could have that acquaintance with the subject, so that their testimony in respect to the slaves' treatment or character would be of any real value? I cannot see how naval men can know any thing about it, for they are at sea; when they are on shore they generally dine with the principal people in the neighbourhood: they are a very short time on shore. A military man, from being stationed in country garrisons, necessarily knows more; but at the garrisons in the neighbourhood of Kingston, where the chief body of troops is, they have very little intercourse with the interior, and they cannot see the internal working of the system; they can see the surface; nor can any one know the internal working unless he is employed on the estate, and sees the whole machinery from morning to night.—And at page 529: Do you not feel very strongly the difficulty of any stranger's access to the interior of a plantation ? Yes; I have stated that I think there is a great difficulty in arriving at the truth. Have you not on some occasions called a plantation a sealed book? I have; not only a plantation, but I consider the country a sealed country, from the fact that you travel through the length and breadth of England, and are continually in contact with the population of the villages on the highways, and I defy any man to keep me from a knowledge of the peasantry, for it is the right of a British citizen to enter into the house of another if he opens the door; but you may travel hundreds of miles in Jamaica, and never pass through villages. The villages are separated by the width of a field from the road, and you dare not trespass upon that field any more than in any men's houses. They are very accommodating in Jamaica in allowing a man to go through the fields and make by paths; but, if that were done with the avowed and open intention of having that intercourse with the peasantry of Jamaica which any man has in this country, he would be necessarily unsuccessful, and would be prevented in some districts. We never pass through a negro village; we see them at the distance of a mile or a quarter of a mile; but on the great roads of communication there is no population. I lived in a parish s me years, and was grossly ignorant of the condition of the negroes at my very door, because I dare not enter the village. I take the Duke of Buckingham's village, within a quarter of a mile of my own house; I know nothing about them, though there was nothing but a high The witness is again called in, and the question is way and a fence between them and me. proposed. The expression I observe is "of another description." You say you think it necessary that a person should be practically concerned in the management of an estate, in order to enable him to form a correct judgment in the point referred to as to the daily labour of the slave. You are then asked whether, in respect of persons of another character, not practically concerned in the management of an estate, you would, without attributing to A person travelling through the country would have little opportunity of judging of the state and condition of the slaves? He would see them in the field working under the driver, and he might see them cross the fields or the road going to their negro villages, but he is never within the precincts of a negro village. I have visited hundreds of families in the country, but I no more thought of leaving my host and going into the negro village than I would in this country leave my host and go into the kitchen. WORSHIP OF THE BUDHISTS. If there is an interest universally felt and acknowledged in tracing the history, and investigating the customs, of large communities of men, the study of their religion or mythology-the most influential of all the causes which determine their national character and conditioncannot be without its pleasures and uses. To estimate the minute proportions of truth discoverable in the most erroneous and gross systems of religion, to trace them from the only source of truth, and to account for the adulterating admixture of error which, in false systems, renders it imperceptible and useless, these are employments becoming a rational and enlightened mind. Besides, as important truths may be conveyed in negatives, as we arrive at the science of life by the examination of the dead, and learn to preserve as well as to appreciate health by investigating disease, so we shall at once fortify our religion, and strengthen our attachment to it, by observing the intellectual and moral degradation consequent upon its absence. One of the preposterous ceremonies of an absurd, but ancient and widely-spread, superstition, is depicted in the uncouthlooking engraving at the head of this article. The religious system referred to is denominated Budhism, and the particular form it here assumes is that under which it is found in Ceylon. It represents the king and his subjects listening with profound attention to the discourses of Sekkraia and Matalee, two of their imaginary deities. This system appears to have originated in Tartary. From this country it passed into Hindostan, at a period anterior to all historical record, and flourished together with Brahminism, or rather originally formed a part of that singular system. This seems to be evident from the great similarity subsisting between their fundamental doctrines. From many of the doctrines and customs of this sect we should infer that it preceded the institution of those castes or orders into which the Hindoos are divided. Among the Budhists the priests lived a life of the strictest celibacy-a practice which could never have prevailed conjointly with the system of castes, as the sacred order would necessarily become extinct in one generation. Hindooism, like Judaism, admits of no proselytes, as the bare acknowledgment of certain opinions does not constitute a Jew or a Hindoo, genealogy being an equally important condition in both cases. Budhism, on the other hand, admits proselytes, and refuses to recognize the system of castes. Hence the deadly hostility which prevailed among the Hindoos and Budhists, which ended in the total expulsion of the latter from the continent of India. The persecuted Budhists took refuge in the Island of Ceylon about 260 years before the Christian cera, and erected there the altars of their religion. On arriving there Budhism had to mix with the demon-worship practised by the aboriginal inhabitants, from which it took a tincture which distinguishes it from the Budhism of other eastern nations. It recognizes beings superior to man, to whom are ascribed dominion over the planets, the latter being considered to exercise an influence upon the destinies of man. These beings were considered as causing all the diseases which afflict mankind, in the exercise of which power these poor wretches oppose them with charms, songs, and incantations. The prevailing doctrines of the. religion of Budha are those of the metempsychosis, and of a future state of rewards and punishments, consisting in repeated transmigrations of the soul from one body to another, until it be absorbed or annihilated. With the Budhists there is no supreme God, but a heaven crowded with innumerable divinities of various conditions and functions, which the imagination of the priesthood has depicted in the most gorgeous colours. They believe that the world had no beginning, and will have no end-that variety of worship is agreeable to superior beings, but that their own form is the best, and they are ready to admit all mankind to a participation of its advantages. The Budhist nations, consequently, have never persecuted Christianity; but its morality is too severe for them, and they insist, according to a favourite expression of their own, that, although it be a road to heaven, it is one which is too difficult for them to follow. With these general remarks on the character of the religion of Budha, it may not be uninteresting to extract, for the edification of the reader, some more particular statement of their mythological creed. We quote from Dr. Buchanan's selections, in the sixth volume of "The Asiatic Researches." The god Sekkraia resides in the great city Maha-Soudassana, which has a square form, its gilded wall, surrounding it, being a perfect square. The gates are of gold and silver, adorned with precious stones. Seven moats surround the city, and beyond the last range a row of marble pillars studded with jewels; beyond which are seven rows of palm-trees, bearing rubies, pearls, gold, &c., lakes, odoriferous flowers, and fragrant trees. To the north-east of the city is a very large hall, exference 900, and its height 450 juzana. From tending every way 500 juzana, its circumits roof hang golden bells; and its walls, pillars, and stairs, shine with gold and precious stones. The pavement is of crystal, and each row of pillars contains a hundred columns. The road to this hall is twenty juzana long and eighteen broad, bordered with trees bearing fruit and flowers. Whenever Sekkraia repairs to this hall, the wind shakes off all the flowers (fresh ones instantly blooming in their stead), with which the presiding god of the winds adorns the road in honour of his approach; and the flowers are so abundant as to reach up to the knees. In the centre stands the great imperial throne, surmounted by the gold, and pearls, and jewels. It is surrounded by the thirty-two shrines of the counsellors, and behind these the other Nat (i. e. the col white chettra or umbrella; it shines with lective populace of gods), each in his proper place. The four assistant gods also attend; while the inferior gods touch their musical instruments and sing melodiously. The four assistant deities then command their inferior gods to go through this southern island, or the world, and inquire diligently into the actions of mankind, if they observe holy days and laws (the Budha's precepts), and exercise charity. At this command, quicker than the winds, the messengers pass through this world; and, having carefully noted in a golden book all the good and evil actions of men, they immediately return to the hall, and deliver the record to the four presiding gods, who pass it to the lesser deities, and they onward till it reaches Sekkraia. He, opening the book, reads aloud; and, if his voice be raised, it sounds over the whole heaven. If the Nat hear that men practise good works, and obey the Budhist laws, they exclaim, "Oh, now the infernal regions will be empty, and our abode full of inhabitants!" If, on the contrary, there are few good men, "Oh, wretches!" say they, smiling, men and fools, who, feasting for a short life, for a body four cubits in length, and a belly not larger than a span, have heapen on themselves sin which will make them miserable in futurity !" Then the god Sekkraia, that he may induce men to live virtuously, charitably, and justly, speaks thus:-" Truly, if men fulfilled the law (the Budha's precepts), they would be such as I am." After this he will, with all his train, to the number of thirtysix millions of Nat, return to the city with music. MORAL AND RELIGIOUS INFLUENCE view than to evince their valour, or to riot in the vengeance of victory. Ambition, as exhibited in Pompey and Cæsar, seems almost to become a grand passion when compared to the contracted and ferocious aim of Homer's chiefs; while this passion, even thus elevated, serves to exalt, by comparison, the far different and nobler sentiments and objects of Cato and Brutus. The contempt of death, which, in the heroes of the Iliad, often seems like an incapacity, or an oblivion of thought, is, in Lucan's favourite characters, the result, or, at least, the associate, of high philosophic spirit; and this strongly contrasts their courage with that of Homer's warriors, which is (according, indeed, to his own frequent similes) the reckless daring of wild beasts. Lucan sublimates martial into moral grandeur. Even if you could deduct from his great men all that which forms the specific martial display of the hero, you would find their greatness little diminished; they would still retain their commanding and interesting aspect. The better class of them, amidst war itself, hate and deplore the spirit and destructive exploits of war. They are indignant at the vices of mankind for compelling their virtue into a career in which such sanguinary gloties can be acquired. And, while they deem it their duty to exert their courage in conflict for a just cause, they regard camps and battles as vulgar things, from which their thoughts often turn away into a train of solemn and presaging reflections, in which they approach sometimes the most elevated sublimity. You have a more absolute impression of grandeur from a speech of Cato than from all the mighty exploits that epic poetry ever blazoned. The eloquence of Lucan's moral heroes does not consist in images of triumphs and conquests, but in reflections on virtue, sufferings, destiny, and death; and the sentiments expressed in his name have often a melancholy tinge which renders them irresistibly interesting. He might seem to have felt a presage, while musing on the last of the Romans, that their In naming Lucan, I am not unaware that poet was soon to follow them. The reader an avowal of high admiration may hazard all becomes devoted both to the poet and to these credit for correct discernment. I must, how-illustrious men; but, under the influence of ever, confess that, in spite of his rhetorical ostentation, and all the offences of a too inflated style, he does, in my apprehension, greatly surpass all the other ancient poets in direct force of the ethical spirit; and that he would have a stronger influence to seduce my feelings, in respect to moral greatness, into a discordance from Christian principles. His leading characters are widely different from those of Homer, and of an eminently superior order. The mighty genius of Homer appeared and departed in a rude age of the human mind, a stranger to the intellectual enlargement which would have enabled him to combine in his heroes the dignity of thought, instead of mere physical force, with the energy of passion. For want of this, they are great heroes without being great men. They appear to you only as tremendous fighting and destroying animals-a kind of human mammoths. The prowess of personal conflict is all they can understand and admire, and in their warfare their minds never reach to any of the sublimer views and results even of war; their chief and final object seems to be the mere savage glory of fighting, and the annihilation of their enemies. When the heroes of Lucan, both the depraved and the nobler class, are employed in war, it seems but a small part of what they can do, and what they intend; they have always something further and greater in No. IV. EPIC POETS.-LUCAN. Own this attachment, he adopts all their sentiments, 66 ORIGIN OF NEWSPAPERS. try is to be traced to the reign of Queen ElizaTHE origin of periodical literature in this counbeth. England being threatened with a formidable invasion from Spain, the wise and prudent Burleigh projected printed in the year 1588, with the design of The English Mercurie," conveying correct information to the people, and to relieve them from the danger of false reports, during the continuance of the boasted Spanish Armada in the English Channel. They were all extraordinary gazettes, published from time to time, as that profound statesman judged needful, and less frequently as the danger abated. The appetite for news, thus excited, was not suffered to rest long without a further supply. Nathaniel Butter established the first weekly paper in August, 1622, entitled, "The Certain Newes of this Present Week," and within a few years other journals were started; but they did not become numerous until the time of the civil wars. During that nals, its Mercuries, and its Intelligencers, season of contention, each party had its Diurwhich arose into being as fast as the events which occasioned them. The great news-writer of that period was Marchmont Needham, of whose history and writings a large account is given by Anthony Wood. At the Restoration, his post of public news-writer, Giles Dury and he was discharged by the council of state from Henry Muddiman being appointed in his room. They were authorised to publish their papers "The Parliamentary Intelligencer," and "Meron Mondays and Thursdays, under the title of curius Publicus." In August, 1663, the noted Roger L'Estrange obtained the appointment of sole patentee for the publication of intelligence, under the designation of "Surveyor of the Imprimery and Printing Presses;" and he was at the same time constituted one of the licensers of the press. By virtue of his newlycreated office, he published two papers, entitled "The Intelligencer," and "The Newes," which appeared Mondays and Thursdays, until the beginning of January, 1665-6, when they were superseded by "The London Gazette," which became the property of Thomas Newcomb. From this time to the Revolution, a variety of newspapers made their appearance, both for and against the court. The most ingenious of its opponents was "The Weekly Packet of Advice from Rome; or, the Popish Courant;" written by Henry Care, and continued for four years and a half, from December, 1678, to the 13th of July, 1683. A rival paper, written with much wit and humour, against Care, and other Whig writers, was "Heraclitus Ridens; or, a Discourse between Jest and Earnest; where many a true word is pleasantly spoken, in opposition to libellers against the government." The first number appeared, February, 1681, and the last, August 22, 1682. Towards the end of Queen Anne's reign, when churchmen were desirous of rendering the Dissenters ridiculous, in order to crush them, this work was reprinted in two volumes, with a preface full of misrepresentation and slander. The work itself contains some humourous songs and poems adapted to the loyalty of the times. Another contemporary paper, rendered notorious by its subserviency to the court, and the scurrility of its pages, was "The Observator in Dialogue. By Roger L'Estrange, Esq." It commenced, April, 13, 1681, and was continued until the 9th of March, 1687. Proper titles, prefaces, and indexes were then added to the work, which forms three volumes in folio. It is a curious record of the manners and illiberal spirit of the times. The events that followed the Revolution gave a new stimulus to inquiry, and multiplied the productions of the press, which also increased in value, and began to assume a more permanent form. Following the spirit of the age, Dunton projected "The Anthenian Gazette: or, Casuistical Mercury. Resolving all the most nice and curious Questions proposed by the Ingenious." The first number was published, March 17, 1691, and the last the 8th of February, 1696, which closed the nineteenth volume. Before this time, the public journals were either restricted to temporary politics, or to the angry discussion of controverted subjects of an ecclesiastical nature, and of little benefit to the reader. Dunton has the merit of first giving them a literary turn; but his paper excluded politics, and the quaintness of the style rendered it uninviting to his readers. It was in the following reign that our periodical literature first acquired that polished style, and intellectual vigour, which had so decided an influence in improving the taste and manners of the age. Upon this account, the reign of Queen Anne has been sometimes called the Augustan age; and it certainly abounded in men of genius and refined taste, in every department of learning. The writings of Swift, Steele, and Addison, who adorned that period, were long considered as the standards of good style; and, although not the inventors of essay-writing, contributed to throw a charm over it, such as it had never before attained. Amongst their precursors in this line, there can be no question that De Foe is entitled to the foremost rank; and that in the graces of language he as far outstripped his contemporaries as he was himself excelled by his successors. Numerous as were the periodical writers in the early part of this reign, there are three only that challenge particular distinction: "The Observator," of which the first number was published April 1, 1702; "The Review," which commenced February 19, 1704; and "The Rehearsal," which appeared the 2nd of August in the same year. The first and last of them were written by way of dialogue, and distinguished by their personalities. Tutchin, who wrote "The Observator," was the organ of the Whigs, as Leslie was of the high-flyers; and the writings of both are plentifully seasoned with the hostile language of party. De Foe's politics were those of the old Whig school, but he never ran the full race of party writers. In the late reign, he was rather a Williamite than either Whig or Tory; and, in the present, his political connections were chiefly amongst the new Whigs. Soon after he started the "Review," this party came into power, and received his zealous support so long as its leaders continued true to the grand principles of civil and religious liberty; but, when they sacrificed them to their ambition, he followed his own judgment in descanting upon affairs. It was his opinion that government should be supported so far as is consistent with reason and sound policy, but no further; and it was upon this principle that he conducted his "Review." This paper differed from its two rivals, in partaking more of the nature of an essay, which was better adapted for discussion. That it did not outlive its day, may be ascribed to the great proportion of temporary matter with which it abounded. There are to be found in its pages, however, many instructive pieces of a moral and political nature, besides others devoted to amusement; and also some useful historical documents. A complete copy of the work is not known to be in existence. It deserves to be remarked, that De Foe was the sole writer of the nine quarto volumes that compose the work; a prodigious undertaking for one man, especially when we consider his other numerous engagements of a literary nature. A modern writer, speaking of this work, bestows upon it the following eulogium:-"Contemporary with Leslie's Rehearsals, came forward, under a periodical dress, and of a kind far superior to any thing which had hitherto appeared, the Review of Daniel De Foe, a man of undoubted genius, and who, deviating from the accustomed route, had chalked out a new path for himself. The chief topics were, as usual, news, foreign and domestic, and politics; to these, however, were added the various concerns of trade; and, to render the undertaking more palatable and popular, he with much judgment, instituted what he termed, perhaps with no great propriety, a Scandal Club,' and whose amusement it was to agitate questions in divinity, morals, war, language, poetry, love, marriage, &c. The introduction of this club, and the subjects of its discussion, it is obvious, approximated the Review much nearer than any preceding work to our first classical model." DESTITUTE WHITES IN JAMAICA. TO THE EDITOR OF THE TOURIST. MR. EDITOR,-Permit me, through the medium of your philanthropic journal, to acquaint the British public with a feature of Jamaica slavery to which, in a general sense, they seem to be entire strangers; but one which ought, if well weighed and considered, to have a strong claim on their sympathizing hearts. I allude to the wretched and degraded condition of hundreds of white persons, wandering about as vagrants, and uniformly treated as such, throughout the whole length and breadth of the island. These unfortunates are denounced, by the West India party, as unprincipled villains, destitute of all character, and a disgrace and pest to society. But to what cause is their present unpitied condition to be attributed? Simply and undoubtedly to the continued abuse of lawless power, vested in the planters, over their white dependants, no less than their slaves; for, allowing that numbers of these walking buckras, as they are styled, have had their own bad conduct to blame for their present destitution (as may in many instances hold true), still it is a decided and undeniable truth that the far greater number have lost RESPECTABLE situations, and consequently all farther chance of promotion, through the mere caprice or malice of an attorney or overseer. In my opinion, their case is truly a bitter one, and second only to that of the slaves themselves. They are both the degraded victims of that horrid system that blasts their morals and sickens their hearts. Let those who have relatives in Jamaica of whom, for years together, no tidings have been heard, and who have, therefore, been numbered with the dead-let those startle when I tell them that such relatives may still be alive there; but only as wanderers and outcasts, without a friend to relieve or a home to shelter, misery and want staring them ever in the face, and their recollections embittered by the worst of treatment and disappointed hopes. Unable or unwilling to bear up against unexpected misfortunes, they throw up the reins to the grossest dissipation, as long as their means will allow them, until at length they are compelled to solicit charity from those whites who once befriended them, or even from the despised negroes themselves, no parish relief being in store for them. They must, consequently, either resort to casual assistance, or die by the wayside, unknown and uncared for. Frequently have I seen such victims of slavery, bare-footed and in rags, soliciting charity at the door of the overseer's houseentreating, in the humblest manner, for a morsel to eat from the domestic slaves. It depended greatly on the humour the lord of the sugar-canes was in at the time whether the supplication of the walking buckra would be attended to or not. Sometimes he would be sent a few scraps of meat in a plate, to eat at the foot of the steps; at other times he would be angrily ordered off from the estate, with a threat of the stocks, and something worse, if he ever presented himself there again! It not unusually happened that the poor outcast thus maltreated was at once of better family in the mother country, and had received a better education, than the unfeeling overseer he was now forced to fly from; but, from having had higher feelings, better morals, and a spirit ill brooking the despotism of a sugar-estate policy, he had drawn down upon his head the hatred of his overseer, been dismissed from the estate, had his golden hopes dashed to the ground, and himself, ashamed and disgraced, rendered a drunkard and a villain! Many a young man lands in Jamaica with the highest hopes of advancing himself in a land he at first sight considers overflowing with gold and silver, till, on some ill-omened morning, he arrives too late at the field, receives a scowling look from the overseer at the moment, and, on his return, finds a letter containing his discharge. Thus is he branded with disgrace and infamy throughout all his after life. Scouted and shunned by those whom he once called countrymen, but who now own no such tie, he can never again hold up his head even in Jamaica society, but must be content to associate with, and be constrained to accept charity from, the negroes, who, in most instances, are readier to extend to him a brother's hand than the whites themselves. Since such is the true state of matters, it seems a dangerous sort of policy for the planters; as these ruined whites would not scruple, for a morsel of food, to give the negroes every information they possessed regarding the working of the means for their emancipation, and thus increase their desire for freedom, and dissatisfaction with their present undoubtedly wretched lot. In your next number I will be happy that you insert a paper from me, detailing "the nature of a book-keeper's situation in Jamaica;" trusting that it may be the means, in the hand of providence, of warning and preventing a further emigration of my young countrymen to the blood-stained soil of the west, until slavery, the many-headed monster, is utterly destroyed. I am, Mr. Editor, Your fellow-labourer in the great cause, CHARLES JOHNSTONE.. THE SPOTTED HYENA. on THERE are two species of this animal, the striped and the spotted hyena, the former of which is found in various parts of Asia and Africa, and the latter principally confined to Guinea, Ethiopia, and the vicinity of the Cape of Good Hope. Of these the latter has the advantage in size, but their habits are exceedingly similar. Hyænas generally inhabit caverns and rocky places; they prowl about chiefly by night, and feed on the remains of dead animals, as well as living prey. They are even said to devour the dead bodies which they find in cemeteries; but Bruce, who had great opportunities of observing them, declares that he never had reason to believe this statement. They attack cattle, and frequently commit great devastation among the flocks. Though not gregarious from any social principle, they sometimes assemble in troops, and follow, with dreadful assiduity, the movements of an army, in the hope of feasting on the slaughtered bodies. The following are some of the notices of this animal, given us by Bruce, as he observed it in Abyssinia :- I do not think there is any one that hath written of this animal who has seen the thousandth part of them that I have. They were a plague in Abyssinia in every situation, in the city and in the field, and, I think, surpassed the sheep in number. Gondar was full of them from the time it turned dark till the dawn of day, seeking the different pieces of slaughtered carcasses which this cruel and unclean people expose in the streets without burial. Many a time in the night, when the king had kept me late in the palace, and it was not my duty to lie there, in going across the square from the king's house, not many hundred yards distant, I have been apprehensive they would bite me in the leg. They grunted in great numbers about me, though I was surrounded with several armed men, who seldom passed a night without wounding or slaughtering some of them. One night in Martsha, being very intent on observation, I heard something pass behind me towards the bed, but upon looking round could perceive nothing. Having finished what I was then about, I went out of my tent, resolving directly to return, which I immediately did, when I perceived large blue eyes glaring on me in the dark. I called upon my servant with a light, and there was the hyæna standing near the head of my bed, with two or three large bunches of candles in his mouth. To have fired at him I was in danger of breaking astonishment even of my medical friends, it had the trap- Sold, by appointment, by Mr. Sanger, Medicine Warehouse, 150, Oxford-street: Messrs. Barclay and Sons, 95, Fleet Market; Edwards, 66, St. Paul's Church-yard; C. Butler, 4, Cheapside; W. Sutton and Co., Bow Churchyard; Prout, 229, Strand; Johnston, Cornhill, and Greekstreet, Soho; J. and C. Evans, Long-lane, Smithfield; and Bolton and Tutt, Royal Exchange. BRITISH COLLEGE OF HEALTH, KING'S CURE OF CHOLERA. To Mr. Mason, Agent for Staffordshire. you, and for the acceptance of Mr. Morison and the British the use of the Universal Medicines only. About the 1st of which I had no hope of alleviation, so many were carried Canal Side, Tipton Green, Sept. 12, 1822. CURE OF RUPTURE. my quadrant, or other furniture, and he seemed, Just Published, price 1s. THE SINFULNESS OF COLONIAL SLA- 7th, 1833. By ROBERT HALLEY. London: Hamilton, Adams, and Co., Paternoster Row. DR. These Powders possess extraordinary properties, and, by certain cure in all cases of Relaxation, Debility, and dne perseverance in their application, effect a safe and Weakness in Children and Adults; give immediate relief to the suffering Infant, or Grown Persons afflicted with Convulsion Fits; also in cases of Epilepsy, or Falling Fits. In Lassitude and Nervons Debility, Hysterics, and Spas modic Complaints, these Powders present a grand restorative; also extirpate Fits which Females are subject to during Pregnancy. They strengthen the stomach, increase the appetite, promote digestion, and, finally, invigorate the whole frame, without confinement, change of diet, or hindrance of business. From Lord Viscount Amiens. and also to the public generally, were I to withhold from To Mr. Charlwood. SIR,-Having received great benefit from the use of Mr. Morison's Pills, I herewith send you the particulars of my case; you may give it what publicity you think proper, that others labouring under the same malady may reap the like benefit. I had been for a long time afflicted with npture, which I believe was occasioned by lifting a sack but without effect, until reading in the East Anglian newsof potatoes. I tried many sorts of bandages and trusses, paper, in September last, of an extraordinary cure performed on a Mrs. Sayer, a miller's wife, in this county, whom I knew, by Morison's Medicines only, I was indnced to try if the said pills would do me any service. I, therefore, applied to you for two 134d. boxes on the oth of two large boxes, which I have taken according to instrucSeptember last, and on the 14th of the same mouth for tions given. I am happy to say my rupture has not tron bled me since. I remain, with gratitude, your very obliged humble ser- vant, August 28th, 1832. The "Vegetable Universal Medicines" are to be had at the College, New Road, King's Cross, London; at the Surrey Branch, 96, Great Surrey-street; Mr. Field's, 16, Airstreet, Quadrant; Mr. Chappell's, Royal Exchange; Mr. Walker's, Lamb's-conduit-passage, Red-lion-square; Mr. J. Loft's, Mile-end-road; Mr. Bennett's, Covent-gardenmarket; Mr. Haydon's, Fleur-de-lis-court, Norton-falgate; Mr. Haslet's, 147, Ratcliffe-highway; Messrs. Norbury's, Brentford; Mrs. Stepping, Clare-market; Messrs. Salmon, Little Bell-alley; Miss Varai's, 24, Lucas-street, Commercial-road; Mrs. Beech's, 7, Sloane-square, Chelsea; Mrs. Chapple's, Royal Library, Pall-mall; Mrs. Pippen's, 18, Wingrove-place, Clerkenwell; Miss C. Atkinson, 19, New Trinity-grounds, Deptford; Mr. Taylor, Hanwell; Mr. Kirtlam, 4, Bolingbroke-row, Walworth; Mr. Payne, 64, Jermyn-street; Mr. Howard, at Mr. Wood's, hair-dresser, Richmond; Mr. Meyar, 3, May's-buildings, Blackheath; Mr. Griffiths, Wood-wharf, Greenwich; Mr. Pitt, 1, CornStrand; Mr. Oliver, Bridge-street, Vauxhall; Mr. J. wall-road, Lambeth; Mr. J. Dobson, 35, Craven-street, Monck, Bexley Heath; Mr. T. Stokes, 12, St. Ronan's, Deptford; Mr. Cowell, 22, Terrace, Pimlico; Mr. Parite, 96, Edgware-road; Mr. Hart, Portsmouth-place, Kenningten-lane; Mr. Charlesworth, grocer, 124, Shoreditch; Mr. R. G. Bower, grocer, 22, Brick-lane, St. Luke's; Mr. S. J. Avila, pawnbroker, opposite the church, Hackney; Mr. T. Gardner, 95, Wood-street, Cheapside, and 9, NostonJ. S. Briggs, 1, Brunswick-place, Stoke Newington; Mr. falgate; Mr. J. Williamson, 15, Seabright-place, Hackney road; Mr. J. Osborn, Wells-street, Hackney road, and Homerton; Mr. H. Cox, grocer, 16, Union-street, BishopsTown; and at one agent's in every principal town in Great gate-street; Mr. T. Walter, cheesemonger, 67, Hoxton Old Britain, the Islands of Guernsey and Malta; and throughout the whole of the United States of America. sequences of any medicines sold by any chymist or draggist, N. B. The College will not be answerable for the conas none such are allowed to sell the " Universal Medi cines." Printed by J. HADDON and Co.; and Published by J. CRISP, at No. 27, Ivy Lane, Paternoster Row, where all Advertisements and Communications for the Editor are to be addressed. |