to employ threats with fome, and force with others. At length the number intended was put on fhore, and Muftapha fet out at their head in search of the enemy. "The grand-mafter had not neglected to give early notice of their march to the Spanish commanders, who had intrenched their little army on a steep hill, which the Turks would have found almoft inacceffible; and it was the opinion of some of the principal officers, that they should avail themfelves of the advantage of their fituation, and ftand on their defence. But this propofal was rejected with disdain by the bold adventurous De Sandé, and the greatest part of the Spanish officers; and the troops were led out of their encampment, to meet the enemy in the open field. This conduct, more fortunate perhaps than prudent, contributed to increafe the dejection of the Turkish foldiers, and to facilitate their defeat. Having been dragged against their inclination to the field of battle; and being attacked by the Spaniards with great fury, both in front and flank, they fcarcely fought; but, being ftruck with a fudden panic, they fled with the utmost precipitation, "Muftapha, confounded and enraged by this pufillanimous behaviour of his troops, was hurried along by the violent tide of the fugitives. He fell twice from his horse, and would have been taken prifoner, if his officers had not ref. cued him. The Spaniards purfued brifkly till they came to the fea-fhore. There Piali had his boats ready to receive the Turks, and a number of fhallops filled with musketeers drawn up to favour their efcape. Without this precaution, they muft all have perished; and even notwithstanding the protection which it afforded them, the number of their killed amounted to two thousand men, while the victors loft only thirteen or fourteen at most. "Such, after four months continuance, was the conclufion of the fiege of Malta, which will be for ever memorable on account of that extraordinary display of the most generous and heroic valour by which the knights, fo few in number, were enabled to baffle the moft vigorous efforts which could be made to fubdue them by the most powerful monarch in the world. The news of their deliverance gave univerfal joy to the chriftian powers; and the name of the grand-mafter excited every where the highest admiration and applaufe. Congratulations were fent him from every quarter; and in many ftates public rejoicings were celebrated on account of his fuccefs." Retrospective view of American affairs in the year 1775 Motives which led to the invafion of Canada. Forts of Chamble and St. John taken. Montreal taken. General Carleton retires to Quebec. Armed vessels Jurrender. Arnold appears before Quebec. Is joined by General Montgomery: The city fummon. Siege. Attempt to take Quebec by efca. lade. Montgomery killed. Arnold wounded. Rebels retire from before the walls. CHA P. II. page [1 Virginia. Provincial Congrefs. Powder removed from the magazine at Williamsburg. Confequences thereof. Affembly convened. Magazine rifled. Lord Dunmore retires on board a ship of war. Various tranfactions between the Governor and the Affembly. Report from the Committee of Enquiry, Refusal of the Governor to go on fhore to pass the bills. Affembly will not attend him on board the Fowey, and put an end to their feffion. Convention of Delegates beld. Means ufed to arm the province. Declaration to justify their proceedings. Lord Dunmore repulfed in bis attempt to deftroy the town of Hampton, Proclamation for martial law, and the emancipation of the Negroes. Action near the Great Bridge. Connelly taken prisoner, and his scheme for raising the Indians and the Back Settlers, difcovered and fruftrated. Town of Norfolk reduced to afhes by Lord Dunmore. Tranfactions in South and North Carolina. General Gage returns to England. Command of the army at Bofton divolves upon General Howe. Continental army before Bofton enlift for a new term. Town of Falmouth cannonaded, and nearly deftroyed. Law paffed by the Affembly of Maffachufet's Bay, for granting letters of marque and reprifal. Articles of confederation propofed by the Continental Congress. Commercial refolution, fufpending in certain cafes the prohibition with refpe& ว 10 to exportation and importation. Declaration in answer to the royal pro- CHA P. III. State of affairs previous to the meeting of parliament. City public tranf actions. Letters from New York. Addrejes from the guild of merchants in Dublin, to Lord Effingham, and to the protesting Peers. Refolutions of the fheriffs and commons of the city of Dublin. Riot of the failors at Liverpool. Petition from the American Congress, prefented by Mr. Penn. Addreffes. State of parties. Ancient animofities revived. Petitions. Newfoundland. Negociations for foreign troops. Great Supplies of provifions fent for the Support of the army in Boston. Vaft expences of that fervice. Reports circulated for fome time before the opening of the Speech from the throne. Addrefs. Motion for an amendment. Great de- CHAP. V. Duke of Manchester's motion relative to the Hanoverian troops. Debates. Previous queflion carried by a great majority. Similar motion by Sir James Lowther in the House of Commons. Debates. Previous queftion put and carried, Debates on the Militia Rill. Army eftimates. Motion for returns rejected. 28,000 feamen voted. Motion for an addrefs on American affairs rejected. 55,000 men voted for the land fervice. Refignation of the Duke of Grafton. Lord George Germaine appointed to the American department, in the room of the Earl of Dartmouth, who re- ceives the privy feal. Lord Weymouth appointed Secretary of State for the fouthern department, in the room of the Earl of Rochford, who retires. Other promotions and changes. Petition from the American Congress laid before the Lords. Duke of Richmond's motions. Mr. Penn's examina- tion. Motion relative to the petition. Great debates. Four fillings in the pound land tax voted. Debates on the Militia Bill: Amendment propofed and rejected. Several motions propofed by the Duke of Grafton, and rejected. Mr. Burke's Conciliatory Bill. Great debates. Motion for bringing in the bill rejected. American Probibitory Bill brought into the House of Commons by the minifter. Motion for an amendment, Great debates. Mation rejected. Debates upon the second reading, and in the committee. Various motions made, and amendments propofed. The bill passed in the House of Commons. Mr. Fox's motion for information relative to the fate of the forces in North America. Militia Bill passed. Indemnity Bill palled. Motion for an addrefs, in conformity to the inftructions from the city of London to its reprefentatives. Mr. Hartley's conciliatory propofitions. Indemnity Bill rejected by the Lords. Great oppofition to the Prohibitory Bill. Proteft. Duke of Manchester's motion for deferring the commitment till after the holidays. Marquis of Rockingham's motion for an amendment. Bill paffed by the Lords. CHAP. VII. [32 Petition from the colony of Nova Scotia. Refolutions taffed, but no bill brought in. Motion and debates relative to a meffage fent to the parliament of Ireland. Motion for an enquiry into the causes of the ill fuccefs in North America. Great debates. German treaties laid before the House of Commons, and produce long debates. Duke of Richmond's motion for an addrefs relative to the German treaties. Great debates. Motion rejected. Proteft. Confiderable debates in the Committee of Supply. Motion for extraordinary expences carried by a great majority. Duke of Grafton's mation for an addrefs relative to the Colonies. Debates. Motion rejected. Progrefs of the bill for a militia in Scotland. Bill at length rejected, Enquiry into licences granted to ships bound to North America. Sprech from the throne, [*121 CHAP. VIII. ·Diftreffes of the army at Bofton during the quinter. New batteries opened, and the town bombarded. Embarkation. Gen. Howe, departs with the army to Halifax. Siege of Quebec raised. Rebels repulfed at Three Rivers. Montreal, Chamblee, and St. John's retaken; all Canada recovered. Regulators and Emigrants totally defeated and difperfed in North Carolina. Hopkins ftrips the Bahama Ilands of flores and artillery. Lord Dunmore abandons the coaft of Virginia; Fugitives difperfed. Sir Peter Parker's Squadron, with Lord Cornwallis and troops, arrive at Cape Fear, where they meet Gen. Clinton; proceed to Charlestown. Attack on Sullivan's Ifland. Circular letter from the Congress for the establishment of new governments in the colonies. Declaration of Independency Lord and Gen. Howe appointed Commiffioners for reftoring Peace in the Colonies. Gen. Howe, with the army, land at Staten fland. Circular Letter, Jent by Lord Howe to the Continent, and published by the Congrefs. Letter to Gen. Washington, refufed. Conference between Adju tant Gen. Patterson, and Gen. Washington. Plots at New York and Albany. Army landed at Long Island. Americans defeated with great lofs. Retire filently from their Camp, and quit the land. Gen. Sullivar fent upon parole with a message from Lord Howe to the Congress. Fruitless conference between bis Lordship and a Committee of the Congress. Defcent on York Island; City of New York taken; fet on fire, and a great part burnt. Army pass through the dangerous navigation called Hell 1 Gate; Gate; land at Frogs Neck; Skirmish at the White Plains. Forts Washington and Lee taken, and the whole of York and reduced. Ferfeys overrun. Rhode Island reduced. [*145 CHAP. IX. General conduct of European powers with respect to the American troubles. France. Military preparations. Count de St. Germain placed at the head of the war department. Mufquetaires reduced. Mr. Necker placed at the head of the Finances. Spain. Extraordinary military preparations, Difpute with Portugal. Improvements. Difcoveries in the Southern Ocean. New Academy. Vienna. Torture abolished. Toleration enlarged. Bohemia peasants on the royal demefnes freed from their former State of villainage. Attempt to open a trade with the East Indies. Ruffia. Endeavours to people the uncultivated parts of the Empire. Grand Duchefs dies. Grand Duke marries the Princess of Wirtemberg. Porte. Bafora taken by the Perfians. Northern kingdoms. Holland. Summary of the trial of Elizabeth, filing berfelf Dutchess of Kingston, for bigamy, before the House of Lords of Great-Britain, in Weftminster-Hall, on Monday the 15th of April, and the feveral fucceeding days. [231 Afhort review of Mr. Garrick's theatrical reign, with fome particulars of the former part of his life, &c. [236 [238 Supplies of 1775 and 1776 compared. His majefty's me age to the House of Commons, for a vote of credit. Heads of an act passed on the 23d of May, 1776, being the last day of the laft feffion of parliament, for the relief of Infolvent Debtors. Remarkable addrefs of the prefent Governors and Directors of the poor of the par fb of Saint Andrew Holborn above the Bars, and Saint George the Martyr, united, to the inhabitants of the faid parish. Some account of the public trials made by David Hartley, Efq; to evince the efficacy of a new, cheap, and easy method, invented by him, for preferving boufes, hips, &c. from fire; with the proceedings of the Lord Mayor, &c. of London, relative thereto. Supplies granted for the fervice of the year 1776, with the ways and means for raising them. [241 [244 [249 |