office at each annual meeting, and deliver to his successor in office all moneys, books and papers pertainivg to his oflice; and he shall give bonds in a sufficient amount to secure the money that may be placed in his hands—said bonds to be approved by the Executive Committee.

Sec. 9. "The Treasurer of each Subordinate Grange shall report quarterly, and shall pay to the Secretary of the State Grange the sum of one dollar for each man and fifty cents for each woman initiated during the quarter; also a quarterly due of six cents for each member. He shall send at the same time a duplicate of his report to the Secretary of the State Grange. The Treasurer of the State Grange shall send a receipt to Treasurers of Subordinate Granges, and a duplicate to the Secretary of the State Grange.

Sec. 10. The Treasurer of the State Grange shall keep his balance with the Grangers' Bank of California.

Sec. 11. The Treasurers and Secretaries of Subordinate Granges shall file copies of their quarterly reports certified by the Master.

Sec. 12. The Gate Keeper shall see that the Gates are properly guarded, and shall have charge of all property committed to his keeping.

ARTICLE II.-Section 1. All Committees, unless otherwise ordered, shall consist of three members, and shall be appointed-two by the Master and one by the Overseer. All Committees shall be composed of both brothers and sisters, unless otherwise specially provided.

Sec. 2. At the regular annual meeting a Committee on Finance shall be appointed, whose duty it shall be to audit all accounts previous to their being paid. To them shall be referred the reports of the Secretary and Treasurer for examination.

Sec. 3. The Executive Committee shall consist of the Master, who shall be Chairman, and six members elected by ballot, who shall hold office for two years, three being elected each year. But no two shall be elected from the same county. They shall have authority to act on all matters of interest to the Order, when the State Grange is not in session; shall provide for the welfare of the Order in business matters, and shall report their acts in detail to the State Grange on the first day of its annual meeting. They shall also make such report at special meetings of the State Grange as the good of the Order may demand.

Sec. 4. The Executive Committee shall hold its regular meetings quarterly on the first Tuesday of January, April, July and October.

ARTICLE III.—The Secretary shall see that the quarterly dues of the Subordipate Granges are promptly paid, and in case the dues remain delinquent two quarters, the delinquent Grange shall be reported to the Master of the State Grange. On receiving such notice it shall be the duty of the Master to warn the delinquont Grange, and if the dues are not forwarded in thirty days, the Master shall advise the Master of the National Grange of such delinquency, and recommend the revocal of the charter of the delinquent Grange; and any Grange whose charter has been thus revoked may petition the State Grange for re-instatement.

ARTICLE IV.-Subordinate Granges shall defray the expenses of their delegates to the State Grange.

ARTICLE V.-The Master of the State Grange shall appoint at least one deputy in each county, where a proper person can be found, who is a Master or Past Master, whose duty it shall be to organize new Granges, upon application being made to him by proper persons residing in his district; to install officers of Granges when the same have been elected; and to be vigilant that no disorder shall obtain in the Grange under his jurisdiction, and to promptly report any such disorder to the Master. They shall have exclusive jurisdiciion in their respective districts, and their rulings on questions of law and points of order shall be respected, until overruled by the Master of the State Grange. They shall receive for organizing new Granges their necessary expenses. They shall be appointed for one year, subject to removal for cause by the Master. No other Granges shall hereafter be recognized except those organized by Deputies as herein specified, excepting only those organized by the Master of the State Grange, or one especially deputized by him.

ARTICLE VI.--Section 1. An appeal may be taken from the decision of the Master of a Subordinate Grange to the District Deputy, and from thence to the Master of the State Grange.

Sec. 2. On trials, an appeal from the judgment of a Subordinate Grange, lies to the State Grange, and must be presented to the Executive Committee at least ten days prior to the meeting of the State Grange.

ARTICLE VII.-Section 1. Any member of a Subordinate Grange, who may wish to change his pursuit, or enter into new business relations which may bring him in conflict with the interests of the Grange, must first obtain consent of his Grange.

Sec. 2. Persons holding a membership in any Subordinate Grange within this jurisdiction, who may so change their pnrsuit, or become so associated in business relation that their pecuniary interests are in conflict with the interests of the Order, or with the attainment of any of the objects of this Order, shall be deemed to have forfeited their membership in the Grange. And it shall be the duty of any Subordinate Grange in which such person may hold membership, upon written complaint and charge being made by ten members of the Order, to institute an investigation of such sharge; and if upon investigation it shall appear that it is founded upon facts, said Subordinate Grange shall without delay espel such unworthy person from its fellowship, giving thereof the notice required by law.

Sec. 3. It is further provided that if any member of our Order shall reflect disgrace upon the same by grossly immoral or improper conduct, or if his acts shall show that he is in sympathy with our enemies, and is disposed to obstruct or defeat the work of our Order, rather than aid in the attainment of its objects, such person shall be adjudged to have forfeited his membership, and upon proof being made of his guilt, he shall be expelled from the Grange.

Sec. 4. Upon the filing with the Master of any Subordinate Grange the complaint of ten inembers of our Order, specifically charging that any member of his Grange is guilty of a violation of any of the provisions of Sections 1 and 2 of this article, it shall be his duty to investigate, without delay, the ground upon which such charges are made, using reasonable diligence to bring the offender to trial thereon, and notifying said complainants and defendants of the time and place at which said investigation will be had.

Sec. 5. It is further provided that, should any Subordinate Grange with which a complaint is filed, as provided in Section 3 of this Article, refuse to entertain said complaint, or neglect to bring its accused member to a speedy trial thereon, it shall thereby forfeit its membership in this body, with all benefits accruing therefrom; and it shall be the duty of the Master of the State Grange to recommend to the Master of the National Grange, the revocation of the charter of said offending Grange.

Sec. 6. An accused party shall have one week's notice of the time at which a Committee of Investigation will be raised, and all such Committees shall be elected by ballot.

Sec. 7. Secretaries of Subordinate Granges shall report to the Secretary of this Grange the names of all persons expelled from their respective Granges, and he shall report the same quarterly to nll Subordinate Granges in the State.

ARTICLE VIII. A ballot on application for membership in a Subordinate Grange, may be reconsidered at any time prior to initiation, immediately upon application of three members, or after one week's notice by one member.

ARTICLE IX.-These By-Laws may be amended at any regular meeting of this Grange by a vote of two thirds of the members present.

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5. After any question (except of indefinite postponement) has been decided, any member who voted in tho majority may, at the same or next meeting, more for a reconsideration thereof; but no discussion of the main question shall be allowed unless reconsidered. . 6. No member shall speak moro than once on the same subject, until all the members wishing to speak have had an opportunity to do so, or more than twice without permission from :he chair. And no member, while speaking, shall name another by his or her proper name, but shall use the appropriate designation belonging to his or her standing in the Grange.

7. The Master or any other member may call a brother or sister to order while speaking; when the debate shall be suspended, and the brother or sister shall not speak until the point of order be determined, unless to appeal from the chair, when he or she may use the words following, and no others: “Master, I respectfully appeal from the decision of the chair to the Grange.” Whereupon the Grange shall proceed to vote on the question: “Will the Grange sustain the decision of the chair?"

8. When a brother or sister intends to speak on a question, he or she shall rise in his or her place and respectfully address his or her remarks to the Wortby Muster, confiuing him or herself to the question, and avoid personality. Should more than one member rise to speak at the same time, the Worthy Master shall determine who is entitled to the floor.

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE AT WORK.

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CHAPTER XIV.

BUSINESS OPERATIONS AND ORGANIZATIONS.

AGENCY ESTABLISHED IN SAN FRANCISCO—MR. A. F. WALCOTT APPEARS FOR E. E.

MORGAN's Soxs--F'Ira ENDORSED BY PROMINENT HOUSES--AGREEMENTS AND PRECAUTIONS-STATE AGENT--COMPETITION PRODUCES BETTER PRICES-SAVINGS OF THE FIRST YEAR-GRANGERS' BANK MEETING --ORGANIZATION-DAIRY AGENCY STANISLAUS SAVINGS AND LOAN SOCIETY--WAREHOUSE AT MODESTO--DAVISVILLE GRANGE INCORPORATES--COLUSA COUNTY BANK-WATERFORD–WAREHOUSES AND BUSINESS ASSOCIATIONS.

SHORTCY after the adjournment of the State Grange the Executive Committee met at the Russ House in San Francisco, to carry out one of the most difficult tasks ever undertaken by men unacquainted with each other, and with the modes of carrying out such extensive business transactions in the great commercial centers. They considered it their wisest course to form an alliance with some well established house, and for this purpose various firms were invited to a friendly conference.

Among these appeared the old and well known house of E. E. Morgan's Sons, shipping merchants between New York and Liverpool, represented in San Francisco by their local agent and managing partner, Mr. A. F. Walcott.

The advantages offered by this firm appeared to the Committee such as to warrant a careful examination into his standing and references. A special committee, consisting of Brothers Merryfield, Jolley, and Mayfield, after visiting the London and San Francisco Bank, the Fireman's Fund Insurance Company, and other responsible firms, reported the house of Morgan's Sons as sound and good, with credit at the London and San Francisco Bank for hall a million of dollars. The arrangements entered into were that the Executive Committee should employ an agent of their own, who should have full access to the books of the shipping firm to examine therein any accounts with Patrons of Husbandry; to all telegraphic and other communications from Liverpool or other markets relative to prices, rates, or other matters bearing on the interests of the farmers, in consideration of which, the committee agreed to use their influence throughout the State to secure the shipping of Patrons' produce through the above mentioned firm. Great care and deliberation was required in the choice of the Grangers' agent,

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who must be a thorough business man, and above suspicion. They did not fix upon any one at that session, nor until a circular letter had been sent to each of the Subordinate Granges, asking them to name such parties as were competent and willing to serve. The election fell upon G. P. Kellogg, of Salinas, who qualified by filing bonds to the amount of two hundred thousand dollars, and entered at once upon his varied and difficult task.

He took rooms in the building occupied by Morgan's Sons, and immediately put the Granges in possession of all the information commanded by the firm. In order to relieve patrons of limited means, who were compelled to realize at once on their crop, the Executive Committee requested Mr. Walcott to add to his sole business of shipper, that of purchaser, which he promised to do to the extent of twenty or thirty thousand tons. So lively was the competition pushed by the old wheat ring, that in a very few weeks the prices went up even higher than the Liverpool quotations would warrant, and Mr. Walcott, having entered into this competition, extended his purchases from thirty to nearly a hundred thousand tons. The price steadily rose from $1 50 per cental to $2 37). Meanwhile, the State Agent, watching closely to see that his employers were fairly dealt with, was making favorable terms with dealers in implements and importers, as will be seen in the official reports. Mr. I. G. Gardner, a member of the Executive Committee, acted as assistant to Mr. Kellogg, until the resignation of the latter in January, 1874, when the Committee placed Mr. Gardner in full charge, tendering their own security for the faithful performance of his duties.

The efficiency with which these obligations were met, is best shown by the footing-up of the operations of the first year, as follows:

Amount saved on sacks, $450,000; amount saved on tonnage, at $5 per ton, $3,000,000; amount saved on agricultural implements, $160,000; amount saved on groceries and general merchandise, $200,000; amount saved on grain of 1873-74, at 15 cts. per cental—9,000,000 centals—$1,350,000. Total, $5,160,000.

The magnitude of these operations, and the growing confidence of the people in the agency, already warranted the establishment of a Grangers' Bank.

Early in April, 1874, the Executive Committee issued a call