Race, Repression and Resistance: A Brief History of South African Civil Society to 1994

action activities affiliates aimed amongst apartheid areas Association attempts authorities banned became began Black called campaign Cape century Christian churches Civic civil society Coloured Committee conference Congress continued Council created cultural democratic Despite early economic efforts elections emerged established example Federation forced formed founded groups helped Ibid important increasing independent Indian industry initially Institute interests involved issues Johannesburg joined labour land largely later laws leaders leadership League living major membership missionary movement Muslim Natal organisations participation Party played political position Press protest race racial regarding relations religious removals represented resistance result role rural SAIRR schools social South African sport structures struggle Survey teachers took Town townships trade unions traditional Transvaal United University urban various welfare Whilst White women workers youth