THE

EDINBURGH NEW

PHILOSOPHICAL JOURNAL,

EXHIBITING A VIEW OF THE

PROGRESSIVE DISCOVERIES AND IMPROVEMENTS

IN THE

SCIENCES AND THE ARTS.

CONDUCTED BY

ROBERT JAMESON,

REGIUS PROFESSOR OF NATURAL HISTORY, LECTURER ON MINERALOGY, AND KEEPER OF THE MUSEUM IN THE UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH;

Fellow of the Royal Societies of London and Edinburgh; of the Antiquarian, Wernerian and Horticultural Societies of Edinburgh; Honorary Member of the Royal Irish Academy, and of the Royal Dublin Society; Fellow of the Linnean and Geological Societies of London; Honorary Member of the Asiatic Society of Calcutta ; of the Royal Geological Society of Cornwall, and of the Cambridge Philosophical Society; of the York, Bristol, Cambrian, Northern, and Cork Institutions; of the Natural History Society of Northumberland, Durham, and Newcastle; of the Royal Society of Sciences of Denmark; of the Royal Academy of Sciences of Berlin; of the Royal Academy of Naples; of the Imperial Natural History Society of Moscow; of the Imperial Pharmaceutical Society of Petersburgh; of the Natural History Society of Wetterau; of the Mineralogical Society of Jena; of the Royal Mineralogical Society of Dresden; of the Natural History Society of Paris; of the Philomathic Society of Paris; of the Natural History Society of Calvados; of the Senkenberg Society of Natural History; of the Society of Natural Sciences and Medicine of Heidelberg; Honorary Member of the Literary and Philosophical Society of New York; of the New York Historical Society; of the American Antiquarian Society; of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia; of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York; of the Natural History Society of Montreal, &c. &c.

PRINTED FOR ADAM BLACK, NORTH BRIDGE, EDINBURGH; AND LONGMAN, REES, ORME, BROWN, & GREEN,

LONDON.

Neill & Co. Printers, Edinburgh.

CONTENTS.

ART. I. Journal of a Voyage to Spitzbergen and the East Coast

of Greenland, in his Majesty's Ship Griper. By

DOUGLAS CHARLES CLAVERING, Esq. F.R.S., Com-

mander. Communicated by JAMES SMITH, Esq. of

Jordanhill, F. R. S. E. With a Chart of the Disco-

veries of Captains CLAVERING and SCORESBY,

I. Voyage from the Thames to Hammerfest in Nor-

way,

IV. From Spitzbergen to the East Coast of Old Green-

land-Exploration from Cape Parry to Roseneath

Inlet Meeting with the Natives-Account of them

-Finally quit the Coast, and return to England,

II. Analysis of the Vegetable Milk of the Hya-hya Tree

of Demerara. By ROBERT CHRISTISON, M.D. Pro-

fessor of Medical Jurisprudence in the University of

Edinburgh. Communicated by the Author,

III. On the Physiognomy of the Vegetable Kingdom in the

Brazils. By Dr C. F. PHIL. VON MARTIUS, Knight

of the Bavarian Order of Merit, &c.

Page

1

12

14

31

35

IV. Lectures on the History of the Natural Sciences. By

Baron CUVIER,

41

Lecture IV. Greece,-concluded from p. 349. of former

Volume,

ib.

Lecture V. Schools of Philosophy before Socrates,

Lecture VI. Socrates and his Epoch-State of the

Sciences up to the time of Aristotle,

42

49

Lecture VIII. Aristotle's History of Animals,

66

Lecture IX. Theophrastus,

76

ART. V. A Monograph of the Family of Plants called CUNO-

NIACEE. By Mr DAVID DON, Librarian to the

Linnean Society; Member of the Imperial Aca-

demy Naturæ Curiosorum; of the Royal Botanical

Society of Ratisbon; and of the Wernerian Society

of Edinburgh, &c. Communicated by the Author, 84

VI. Discourse delivered by Baron ALEXANDER HUM-

BOLDT at the Extraordinary Meeting of the Im-

perial Academy of Sciences at St Petersburg, held

on the 28th November 1829,

VII. On Artesian or Overflowing Wells,

VIII. On the Botany of India, and the Facilities afforded

for its investigation by the Hon. East India Com-

pany. By M. DE CANDOLLE,

-

IX. On the Subtropical Zone. By Baron LEOFOLD VON

X. On Milk, and its Adulteration in Paris,

XI. Remarks on Sir HUMPHREY DAVY'S Opinions re-

specting Volcanic Phenomena. By Mr W. J. GI-

RARDIN,

XII. On Changes of Temperature in Plants,

XIII. Naturgeshichtliche Reisen durch Nord Africa, &c.

Natural History Travels in Northern Africa and

Western Asia, from 1820 to 1825; by Drs HEMP-

RICH and EHRENBERG. Historical part, with

Maps and Views,

XIV. On the Irritability of the Stamina of the Barberry,

XV. Chronological Series of the more important Changes

made upon the Coasts by the Sea, from the Eighth

Century to the present day,

XVI. Notice of a Memoir read by Dr HIBBERT to the Scot-

tish Society of Antiquaries, on the Caves occupied

by the early Inhabitants of the West of Europe;

with illustrations of some still remaining in France

and Italy,

XVII. New Societies,-

1. Geographical Society of London,

97

111

123

129

134

136

140

143

146

147

149

2. Geological Society of France,

3. Statistical Societies in France,

XVIII. Observations on the Cause of the Spouting of Over-

flowing Wells or Artesian Fountains,

152

156

157

ib