Session in spring of 1857, 197. Lyndhurst on the China question, 197. New

Parliament, 198. Lyndhurst on divorce, 199. Lyndhurst again supports the

Jew Bill without success, 199. Obscene Publications Bill, 201. Palmerston's

approaching fall, 202. Consequences of the plot to assassinate Louis Napoleon,

202. Diplomatic relations renewed between Lords Lyndhurst and Campbell,

203. Law as to aliens residing in England, 203. Final emancipation of the

Jews, 204. Character of Lord Lyndhurst, 207. His person, 209. His happi-

ness in domestic life, 209.

LORD CHANCELLOR BROUGHAM.

CHAPTER I.

HIS EARLY LIFE IN SCOTLAND, 1778-1805.

Qualifications and disqualifications of the Biographer to write this Memoir, 213.

Brougham of that ilk," 214. Brougham's grandfather, 218. Father, 219.

Marriage of his father and mother, 219. Birth of Lord Brougham, 220. His

precocious infancy, 222. Talents and virtues of his mother, 222. His school

education, 223. At College, 226. His papers sent to the Royal Society on

Light, 227. On Porisms, 228. His great success in debating societies, 229.

His irregularities, 229. At the Caledonian Hunt, 230. He chooses the profes-

sion of an Advocate, 232. His Law studies, 233. He founds the "Academy of

Physics," 234. His examinations and thesis before his call to the Bar, 235.

He resolves to make his fortune by defending pauper prisoners at the Assizes,

238. His appearance before Lord Eskgrove at Jedburgh, 238. The Judge

charged, 238. Brougham's defence of a sheep-stealer, 239. Q. Whether half-

boots are boots? 240. How far ebriety may be a defence for a husband beating

his wife, 240. Brougham's eccentricities, 241. His book on the Colonial Policy

of European Nations, 242. The Edinburgh Review,' 244. Brougham's contri-

butions to the first number, 245. 'English Bards and Scotch Reviewers,' 246.

Brougham's critique on Professor Young, 247.

CHAPTER II.

FROM HIS REMOVAL TO ENGLAND TO THE DEATH of george III., 1805-1820.

He resolves to transfer himself to the English bar, 249. He is entered of Lincoln's

Inn, 249. He comes to reside in London, 250. His great success in society in

London, 251. Accession to power of "All the Talents," 253. Brougham's visit

to Portugal, 253. His efforts for the Whigs when they were turned out, 254.

He is called to the bar, 255. His bad success at first, 255. Goes the Northern

Circuit, 255. Lord Eldon's misnomer, 256. Brougham and Campbell first

upon the stage together, 257. Brougham's resentment against the Whigs for

not bringing him into Parliament, 258. He becomes member for Camelford,

259. His month of silence, 260. His maiden speech, 261. His claims to the

xii

leadership of the Opposition, 262.

264. His crusade against the Orders in Council, 267. His victory, 271.

He devotes himself to Negro slavery,

Transient glimpse of office to the Whigs, 271. He is excluded from Parliament,

272. His unsuccessful candidature for Liverpool, 272. His bad opinion of the

Whig leaders, 273. His first great speech at the bar on "Military Flogging,"

274. The same publication held innocent at Westminster, and a libel in

Lincolnshire, 278. Brougham languishes when out of Parliament, 280. Origin

of his connection with Caroline of Brunswick, 281.

House of Commons, 282.

He is restored to the

the evil with which he thought the country was afflicted from the low
His fecundity in debate, 283. His solution of

price of corn, 284. His opposition to the "Six Acts," 285. His exposition of

the tactics of a rival orator, 286. Query as to the qualities by which the Scots

in leaving their own country succeed in life? 287. Best smelling-bottle for a

parliamentary antiquary, 287.

CHAPTER III.

ATTORNEY-GENERAL TO QUEEN CAROLINE.-1820-1821.

Death of George III., and position of Brougham at commencement of new reign,

289. Unhappy career of Caroline of Brunswick, 290.

her legal adviser, 291.

ment, 292. Brougham's advice to her, 293. Object of the Regent to drive
The Princess Charlotte of Wales, 292. Her elope-
Brougham becomes

Caroline abroad, 294. Brougham's advice to her to remain in England,

294. Her conduct in foreign countries, 295. Brougham's offer without her

authority that she should never return to England nor take the title of Queen,

295. Caroline becomes Queen on the death of George III., 296. She appoints

Brougham her Attorney General, 297. Brougham's mysterious conduct in not

communicating to the Queen a proposal intrusted to him on her behalf, 297.

Negotiations between the King and Queen, 298. Conference at St. Omer's, 300.

The Queen comes to England to claim her rights, 301. She is suspicious of

Brougham, 301. The Green Bag, 302. Brougham acts openly, boldly, and

skilfully, in defence of the Queen, 303. His threats of retaliation against the

King, 304. Diplomacy resorted to, 306. Rupture of the negotiation, 307.

Bill of Pains and Penalties introduced, 308. Preliminary proceedings respecting

it, 308. Queen's trial, 311. Brougham's great speech for the Queen, 313. Bill

ruined by a split among the Bishops, 321. Query Brougham's private opinion

as to the Queen's guilt? 322. Brougham's great popularity from his defence of

the Queen, 324. Sudden increase to his practice at the bar, 324.

claim to be crowned, 325. Queen's death, 327.

Queen's

CHAPTER IV.

FROM THE DEATH OF QUEEN CAROLINE TILL HE BECOMES LORD CHANCELLOR.

1821-1830.

His speech

Brougham obliged to doff his silk gown and to don his stuff, 328.

against Blacow, 328.

Durham and Dr. Philpotts, 330. Rapid review of the five years which inter-
The best speech he ever delivered against the clergy of

vened between the Queen's death and the formation of Canning's Government,

337. Brougham's love of protection and horror of free-trade, 338.

the House of Commons that Brougham and Canning should be taken into

Motion in

caused by the sudden

Change

custody, 339. Abolition of duelling, 342. Brougham's speech on the case of

Smith the Missionary, by himself considered his best, 344. Brougham's attacks

on Lord Eldon, 345. Brougham on the elevation of Lord Gifford, 347.

death of Lord Liverpool, 348. Canning's proposal to coalesce

with the Whigs, 349. Warmly supported by Brougham, 349. He refuses the office

of Chief Baron of the Exchequer, 350. He obtains a silk gown, and "takes his

place within the bar accordingly," 350. Brougham's defence of himself for

"going over," 351. Coalition against Canning in the House of Lords, 353.

Brougham's brilliant success for a time on the Northern Circuit, 354. His

coronation as Henry IX., 354. Death of Canning, 355. Lord Goderich's

Government, 355. The Duke of Wellington's Government, 355. Brougham's

struggle for the lead on the Opposition side, 356. Golden rule for getting on

well in society, 356. Brougham tries to alarm the nation about the dangerous

power now enjoyed by the Duke of Wellington, 357. Brougham's celebrated

six hours' speech on Law Reform, 357. Brougham as a legislator, 360.

Brougham's contests for the county of Westmorland, 360. Catholic Emanci-

pation carried, 361. Cessation of hostilities during the first Session of 1830,

362. State of parties, 363. George IV. moribund, 364. Accession of William

IV., 364. Effect in England of the Revolution in France in July, 1830, 364.

Brougham elected member for the county of York, 365. He is mounted on a

charger as Knight of the Shire, 366. Condition of the Duke of Wellington as

Minister, 367. He vainly attempts to please the ultra-Tories, 368. He insults

the Liberals, 368. Brougham declares war against the attorneys, 369. Forma-

tion of Lord Grey's Government, 370. What was to be done with Brougham? 370.

His explosion in the House of Commons, 371. Sensation produced by it, 372.

Conjecture as to the manner in which he obtained the Great Seal, 373.

He takes his seat on the woolsack, 375. He becomes Baron Brougham and Vaux,

376. He is made a peer, 377. His claim of a female barony, 377. Attack

upon him in the House of Commons, 377. Defence of him by Macintosh and

Macaulay, 378. His maiden speech in the House of Lords, 379. Brougham's

own astonishment at finding himself Chancellor, 380. His fitness for the

office, 380. His high plans and aspirations, 382. Concoction of the Reform

Bill, 383. The Chancellor's first attempt at legislation, 384. Lyndhurst

made Chief Baron of the Exchequer, 384. Chancery Reform, 386. Reform

Bill launched, 388. The King's Guard forced by the Lord Chancellor, 389.

Sudden dissolution of Parliament, 391. Fabulous statement upon Lord

Brougham's authority of his having assumed the functions of royalty, 392.

The King's early sincerity and zeal in the cause of Reform, 394. Part

acted by the Lord Chancellor in the prorogation scene, 395. The Lord

Chancellor's vindication, 397. Lord Brougham's celebrated speech on the

second reading of the Reform Bill, 397. Question as to the creation of

peers to carry the Reform Bill, 399. His attack on Lord Wynford, 400.

The Chancellor at the Coronation, 404. The second Reform Bill in the

House of Lords, 405. Great blunder committed by Lord Lyndhurst, 406.

Resignation of the Whig Ministers, 406. The Chancellor's employment during

the interregnum, 407. Reform finally carried, and Parliament prorogued,

410. Dispute between the King and his Ministers about dissolving the last

unreformed Parliament, 411. The King yields, 412. Brougham in the

zenith of his greatness, 412. His coming fall, 414. Elections for the first

Reformed Parliament, 414. Blunders of the Whigs, 415. Irish Coercion

Bill, 415. The Chancellor's legislative measures, 417. Altercation between

the Chancellor and the late Chief Justice of the Common Pleas, 417. Irish

Temporalities Bill, and Slavery Abolition Bill, 419. Brougham in the

judicial business of the House of Lords, 421. In the Court of Chancery,

421. Brougham's philosophical pursuits while Chancellor, 422. His dispute

with Horne, the Attorney General, 424. Brougham's kindness to Sir John

Campbell when thrown out at Dudley, 426. How he wrote a speech for

the Solicitor General, 427. Secession of Stanley and three other Cabinet

Ministers, 429. Brougham on application of Church property, 429. Resigna-

tion of Lord Grey, 430. Brougham's refusal of the Premiership, 433. Lord

Melbourne Premier, 433. Brougham Viceroy over him," 435. Fantastic

tricks of the Lord Chancellor, 436. The Chancellor at the Fish dinner, 438.

Poor-Law Bill and Central Criminal Court Bill, 439. Brougham's quarrel with

the Times,' 440. Sir John Campbell's eulogy on the Lord Chancellor in the

House of Commons, 444. Brougham at the prorogation, 446. His "Progress

in Scotland, 446. The Grey Festival, 454. Brougham seeks to fortify his

position as Chancellor by making Pepys Master of the Rolls, 458. Dismissal of

the Whig Ministers, 458. Brougham's charge against Queen Adelaide, 458.

Brougham's manner of returning the Great Seal to the King, 460. His offer to

become Chief Baron of the Exchequer, 460.

CHAPTER VI.

66

THE HUNDRED DAYS

TO THE FINAL RESIGNATION OF LORD MELBOURNE,

1834-1841.

On a dissolution of Parliament, majority returned for the Whigs, and Brougham's

exultation, 463. His speech against the new Government, 464. Lord Melbourne

restored. What was to be done with Brougham? 466. Brougham duped, and

the Great Seal put into Commission, 467. Brougham Lord Protector, 468.

Lyndhurst's factious opposition, 469. Brougham's multifarious labours in

Parliament, 470. His complaints of the abuse in the Press, 472. And in

the House of Commons, 472. His confident expectation of being restored to

office, 473. Resolution of the Cabinet to abandon Brougham, to make Pepys

Chancellor, and Bickersteth Master of the Rolls, 475. Opinion that Brougham

was ill-used by Melbourne and his old colleagues, 476. Effect on Brougham

of the ill-usage he suffered, 477. Bickersteth a failure, 477. Brougham's

recovery, 478. Lord Cottenham Chancellor, 479. Approaching death of

William IV., 480. Accession of Queen Victoria. Brougham's panegyric upon

his late royal master, 481. Melbourne continues Prime Minister, 482.

Brougham's ascendancy in the House of Lords, 483. He is violent against the

Government and the Court, 483. Query Whether he was given to glozing?

484. He co-operates with the Tories, pretending to be Radical, 488. Canada

Bill, 489.
He denounces the Whigs as having become courtiers, 490. His labours

with his pen, 493. His Political Philosophy,' and the bankruptcy of the Useful

Knowledge Society, 493. The success of his 'Sketches of Statesmen,' 494. Minis-

terial crisis, 495. His delight at supposed fall of Melbourne, 495. Melbourne

restored, 496. Brougham on the Bedchamber ladies, 496. He complains of a

breach of privilege in being libelled, 497. His grand motion as Leader of the

Tory Opposition, 498. His victory is fruitless, 502. Brougham assists Lyndhurst

in the Review of the Session, 504. Report of his death, 505. Brougham

suspected of suicide, 509. Announcement of the Queen's marriage, 511.

Privilege question on right of Houses of Parliament to authorise publication of

criminatory matter, 512. Part taken by Brougham, 512. Dispute settled by a

bill establishing the disputed right, 514. Brougham's château in France, 514.

Session of 1841, 515. Vote of want of confidence carried against Government
in the House of Commons, 517. Dissolution of Parliament, 517. Return of
Conservative majority, 517. Brougham refuses to rejoin the Whigs, and to
"let bygones be bygones," 518. Brougham tramples on the dead body of
Melbourne, 518. Sir R. Peel Prime Minister, 519.

CHAPTER VII.

FROM THE RESIGNATION OF LORD MELBOURNE TO THE RESIGNATION OF

SIR ROBERT PEEL.-1841-1846.

Brougham, professing to be "in the front of the Opposition," is Advocate General

of the new Government, 520. Brougham's reception of Lord Campbell in the

House of Lords, 522. Brougham contented and happy, 522. Brougham on the

Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, 523. Creation of an Earl by

Brougham, 524. Brougham's locality in the House of Lords, 525. Brougham's

logomachies with Lord Campbell, 526. Brougham's consistency on the Income-

tax, 526. Brougham petted by the Tory peers, 527. Prosperity of Sir R.

Peel's Government, 528. Brougham trumpeter to the Tories, 529. Part taken

by Brougham on O'Connell's case, 530. Brougham's imputation against others

acting judicially, that they were actuated by party motives, 531. His valuable

assistance in carrying Lord Campbell's bills, 531. How a public man may be

written down, 531. Disruption of the Church of Scotland, 531. Brougham's

scheme of becoming President of the Judicial Committee, 532. Interview at

Boulogne between Brougham and his biographer, 536. Session of 1845, 537.

Brougham performs to empty boxes, 537. Brougham at the Court of Queen

Victoria, 538. Sudden turn of the Wheel of Fortune, 538. Brougham's unhap-

piness on the success of the Lives of the Chancellors,' 539. Brougham's denun-

ciation of the Corn Law League, 540. His speculations with respect to Peel's

remaining in office, 541. Factious coalition of Whigs and Protectionists against

the Government bill for the Administration of Charities, 541. The Corn-law

Abolition Bill in the House of Lords, 542. Brougham's éloge of Sir R. Peel,

542. Peel's approaching end, 543. Irish Coercion Bill, Peel's coup de grace,

Restoration of the Whigs, 545. Close of the Session of 1846, 545.

544.

CHAPTER VIII.

1847-1852.

Brougham a leader of Opposition, 546. Combined attack of Brougham and

Stanley on the Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, 546.
Dinner to the

Heads of Factions at Stratheden House, 547. Brougham's failure in at-

tempting to imitate Lyndhurst in a review of the Session, 547. Brougham.

remains through the autumn in England, 548. Intrigues in consequence of

the dangerous illness of the Lord Chancellor, 548. State of France, 550-