are acting in the same way. The sound part of the army is animated by the same sentiments. Two hundred thousand Royalists, who have been despised and persecuted by the infamous men who manage the government, are our companions in arms, to conquer or to die with glory, pronouncing these words:Live religion! Live Ferdinand VII. Death to the Sectaries! Down with the wicked placemen.'

Such was the tone, in which these devoted servants of the king entreated him to give them employment; and such was the length to which their rebellion had been allowed to proceed, before Ferdinand began to esteem it an occurrence worthy of notice. On the 28th of August he was informed by a report on the state of Catalonia, that the rebels amounted already to fourteen thousand men. General Minet was immediately summoned from Zamora to Madrid. On his arrival, it was determined at a meeting of the council, that it would be advisable to march an army of four or five thousand men into Catalonia. Minet, in the mean time, was sent into the province with the title of commandant-general, carrying with him, however, not troops, but only proclamations; a species of ammunition with which the insurgent juntas were as well supplied as the Camarilla itself. Besides proclamations, however, he received from the minister of war the most express orders to "defeat, pursue, and put down" the rebels; to disarm and degrade the Royalist Volunteers who refused to fight; to applaud and encourage those who remained faithful. This very energetic discharge of "paper bullets of the brain," did not in any

degree intimidate the insurgents, and was followed by the intelligence of the capture of Vich and Manresa, the cordial disaffection of the Royalist Volunteers, and the establishment of provisional governments. Hereupon orders were issued to the captain-general of Catalonia to disband the royalist volunteers of Vich and Manresathese volunteers being already embodied in the ranks of the enemy, and to proceed summarily against the instigators and abettors of the defections which had put those two towns in the possession of the rebels, these instigators and abettors being now the predominant party in the province. The king issued a proclamation (Sept. 11) in which he confessed, that these late events had forced him to view the disturbances in a new light. "With children," said the paternal monarch, "misled by alarms, which are perhaps the offspring of unenlightened zeal, it seemed to me proper to employ mildness and instruction rather than force and menaces. The provisional measures which I dictated with the view of putting a stop to the disorders of Catalonia, were in conformity with these principles; but the events, of which the towns of Vich and Manresa were the theatre in the last days of August, have given to the movements in the principality a character which it is impossible longer to misunderstand; and now, as king, I see sedition, where, as father, I before saw only blindness. I have, therefore, given the necessary orders for causing the bands of rebels which infest some districts of Catalonia to be immediately dispersed by force, if they refuse to submit on the first notification. A strong division of my army has been or

dered to execute this measure for the protection of public tranquillity." In the same document the king assured his people, that he enjoyed the most perfect liberty, and that the idea of his being a captive, acting under undue control, was an insult to his royal dignity. If the insurgents had thought fit to use the argumentum ad hominem, they might have answered him, that, when they themselves, as the army of the faith, had risen in his favour against the Constitutionalists, he had told them, from Madrid, the very same thing, and yet had afterwards confessed that he was a prisoner all the while, and had thanked them for effecting his deliverance in his name contrary to his authority.

The king was now serious in his intention to have recourse to force; and it was found necessary, in consequence of the defection of the royalist volunteers, who remained faithful to nobody but the priests, to break up the army of observation which had been formed in Estremadura and along the Tagus. Twelve thousand men of this army were ordered to march upon Catalonia in different directions, under the command of the count d'Espagne. The council of Castile remonstrated strongly against this measure, as the withdrawal of the army of observation would leave Gallicia and Estremadura unprovided with troopsprovinces in which any public feeling that existed was supposed to run in a channel diametrically opposite to that of the Catalans. Into such straits did the ministers of Ferdinand feel themselves driven, or pretend to feel themselves driven, by the fear of open absolutists on the one hand, and apprehensions of concealed liberals on the other. But there was no other

quarter from which troops could be procured; and they were, therefore, immediately put in motion.

General Minet, on his arrival at Barcelona, had issued a proclamation (September 13th) offering pardon to all the rebels who should deliver up their arms and ammunition to the magistrates or military authorities, and return to their homes, before the 25th of the month: their leaders were excepted. The proclamation produced no effect. In Manresa it was publicly burned. The junta of that town issued a counter-proclamation against "the king of Castile"-so they styled Ferdinand; and the bust of the infant don Carlos was carried through the streets amid cries of "long live king Charles." Several brigades of tax-gatherers, who had been armed in the moment of emergency, to prevent the progress of the rebellion to the north towards Urgel, instantly joined the nsurgents. Busson, the most active of all the chiefs, on the 23rd of September made himself master of Puycerda, after defeating the garrison, who, along with the terrified peasantry, sought refuge in the French territory, where all parties were received with equal impartiality. Some detachments of the rebels even made excursions beyond the confines of Catalonia towards Arragon; but Saragossa was filling with regular troops, and they were not received by the people with much favour. In Catalonia itself they failed in an attempt to carry Gerona, which hitherto they had kept in a state of blockade; and, as the different corps, now marching on Catalonia in all directions, approached Tarragona, and enabled the king's

officers to take the field, they raised the blockade, but continued, with a large body of men, to occupy the communications between that place and Figueras.

was

While the army of observation on its march, and count d'Espagne had already arrived at Tortosa to take the command of the province, Ferdinand suddenly determined to repair to the scene of the disorders himself, that he might convince the insurgents of his being a free locomotive agent, and awe them immediately into tranquillity by the imposing spectacle of his own august presence. He announced this resolution, on the 18th of September, by a royal order under his own hand, in which he declared, that, "Desirous to examine with his own eyes the causes which had produced the disturbances in Catalonia, and persuaded that his royal presence would powerfully contribute to the re-establishment of public tranquillity in that province, he had resolved to set out for the fortress of Tarragona on the 22nd inst., with a small suite, and accompanied only by the minister of Grace and Justice." "I leave at the Escurial," added he, "the Queen, my very dear spouse, and the infants my well-beloved brothers, and I repair to the spot where the wants of a part of subjects call me, without its being possible for any consideration to stop me, because there is no sacrifice which I am not willing to make for their good." The council of Castile, which possesses the special power that, without its consent, the king cannot legally quit the capital, opposed itself in vain to this journey, as it had done to the withdrawal of the army of observation from the Tagus. The VOL. LXIX.

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king left the Escurial on the 22nd September; the road to the frontiers of Catalonia, which he was to enter at Tortosa, having been previously covered with regular troops and royalist volunteers. That the obedience of the latter might be exposed to no temptation, special orders were given for their regular payment out of the funds of the town where they might be placed to honour and protect his majesty, whether there should be funds "arising from the royal contributions or from any other branch.” He directed at the same time that no rejoicings should take place in the towns and villages on account of his passage, as he was already convinced, he said, of the love of his people, and was unwilling to divert them from their occupations, or put them to any expense. his route, he occasionally heard from the assembled people the same outcries that were raised, and observed among them the same insignia that were displayed, by the seditious Catalonians. At Alginete he was received with shouts of "Death to the Corregidor;" and, having learned on inquiry that the delinquency of this officer consisted in his being a suspected negro or constitutionalist, the king satisfied these popular accusers by ordering the Corregidor to be imprisoned. He did not enter Valencia, till he had assured himself of the tranquillity of the city, and till the inhabitants had been prohibited, under severe penalties, to honour his entry with any other cry than that of "Long live the King."

On

Taking his way by Tortosa, where he had been preceded by a division of the army, the king arrived in the fortress of Tarragona on the 28th of September, and immediately issued a proclamation,

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calling upon the rebels to lay down their arms. "Catalonians," said he, "behold me in the midst of you, as I promised that I would be, in my decree of the 18th of this month; but learn that, as a father, I am going to speak for the last time to the seditious the language of mercy, being still inclined to listen to the petitions which they may address to me from their homes, if they are obedient to my voice; and that, as king, I am come to re-establish order, to give tranquillity to the province, and to afford protection to the persons and properties of my peaceable subjects, who have been maltreated in an atrocious manner, and to chastise with all the severity of the law those who shall disturb the public quiet. You already behold the absurdity of the pretexts by which men, making a parade of zeal for the religion which they profane, and for the throne which they insult, have attempted till now to justify their rebellion, belied by my arrival. I am not oppressed; the men who enjoy my confidence do not conspire against our holy religion; the country is not in danger; the honour of my crown is not compromised, and my sovereign authority is not coerced by any party. For persons who proclaim themselves faithful subjects, pure Royalists, and zealous Catholics, to take up arms on such pretexts against their king and lord, is to revolt openly against my person, to contemn my authority, and to despise the ordinances of religion, which enjoins obedience to the legitimate authorities; it is an imitation of the conduct, and even of the language, of the revolutionists of 1820; it is, in fine, an attempt to destroy the very foundation of monarchical institu

tions; for if the absurd privileges which the revolters demand could be admitted, no throne in the universe could be considered secure. He then told them, that he still hoped his presence would dissipate all prejudices and mistrusts, and defeat the machinations of those who had seduced them into conspiracy and rebellion. "But if," concluded he, "contrary to my hopes, this last warning is not listened to-if the bands of the revolted do not give up their arms to the nearest military authority within twenty-four hours after they shall be made acquainted with my sovereign will, leaving the chiefs of all classes at my disposal, to undergo the fate which I may please to inflict upon them, and do not return to their respective homes, with the obligation tó present themselves in the baliages to be again matriculated-and lastly, if the changes made in the administration and government of my people are not annulled in the same space of time-the dispositions of my royal decree of the 10th of this month shall be immediately carried into execution, and the remembrance of the exemplary punishment which awaits those who shall persist will be long perpetuated." This proclamation was followed by a decree which directed the authorities to send in lists of all the inhabitants of their districts who had joined the rebels, and of those who, taking advantage of the amnesty,should return to their homes. As persons wishing to surrender themselves might be at a distance from any points occupied by the royal troops, it was further ordered that the magistrates of the principality should have power to receive their arms, and grant them the necessary passports and security.

The proclamation-the statements of which were perfectly just and sound, and its menaces most richly deserved-backed as it was by the advance of large corps of regular troops both from Tarragona and Saragossa into the northeastern part of the province, where the disaffection had been most formidable and general, speedily produced a great effect. Over the whole plain of Tarragona the great body of the insurgents immediately took advantage of the royal offer of mercy, and came in daily to surrender themselves. A large band of them, which endeavoured to retain possession of the town of Reuss, in the neighbourhood of which the provisional junta of the plain of Tarragona had been installed, were attacked, and put to flight by the royal troops. In the remoter districts, however, the return to obedience was much more slow, and only followed the advance of the king's army. Busson issued a counter-proclamation to the king's, which he put forth from the "royal army, gifted with the execution of sovereign decrees." It was therein declared, that the king was as much a prisoner at Tarragona, as he had been at Madrid; and the Catalonians were told, "you are not making war upon the king, but upon his oppressors. War, then, interminable war to all sectaries. I will never sheathe my sword, till our monarch is free, until peace and tranquillity are restored to the kingdom, until the masonic societies are destroyed, and until you can say with me, then and for ever Long live religion! Long live the absolute king, and our common country!"" On the 30th of September, a large body of rebels advanced to within a league of Barcelona, and levied

contributions; and another detachment performed the same exploit under the guns of fort Pean, an outwork of that city. On the garrison being marched out to oppose them, they retired, without risking an engagement, but continued eir depredations in the neighbourhood, till they were compelled to fall back before the royal troops advancing from Tarragona. These troops, which now far outnumbered any force which the rebels could muster against them, scarcely experienced any serious resistance in their march. Vich and Manresa surrendered to the count d'Espagne without resistance, having been evacuated on his approach by Carajol and Saperes, who commanded the insurgents. In their retreat, however, they attacked the head-quarters of general Minet, at Cervera, and compelled him to fall back upon the rest of his division, which was on the road to Lerida and Tarragona. Even after this junction, he was not in a condition to meet the rebels in the field, and he retired upon Manresa. Having been immediately reinforced by a strong detachment from Tarragona, he was enabled again to advance. The insurgents slowly retired into the mountains of Calaf and Berga, where it was difficult for the royal troops to follow them; and some of their leaders, not willing to trust themselves to the mercy of the king, sought refuge in France.

Count d'Espagne caused many of the rebels, who were taken with arms in their hands, to be shot upon the spot; others were carried to Tarragona, where they shared the same fate. All the provisional juntas were dissolved, and

some of their members or servants made their peace by delivering up