There were several colored fellows in the group that shot into the crowd of school children. There must have been 50 children in the crowd. One of my boys heard a bullet just pass by his head, and another little fellow fell to the ground, and we thought he was hit. That aroused us women, and you people know how a woman will fight for her children, and we went out and hollered at them, and then five coal and iron police came, and they hid until they could come in and get hold of us. We were up there about 100 yards from the railroad track. Then when the coal and iron police said something to us, and we didn't know just exactly what, I said, "Go on; you are nothing but scab drivers yourselves or you wouldn't hold the position you hold now. And I said, 66 Anybody that would come here and take the bread out of our children's mouths like you fellows do ain't worth anything." So, of course, the coal and iron police came into the crowd, and they grabbed Mrs. Costa and me. He got me here on my left arm and twisted it and said, "Hey, you, I want you.' He tore my

coat sleeve and paralyzed my arm, so that it just dropped down, and I was just that mad that I up with my right fist and struck him in the face. When I did that he caught me by my coat sleeve and said, "I'll fix you," and he was then pulling at my coat sleeve, and I staggered and it pulled out of the socket. When he seen what had happened, and he saw I hadn't lost control, he hit me in the back of the head either with a blackjack or something that knocked me out. I fell to the ground unconscious, and when I came to myself again he was on my stomach, and I could feel the handcuffs going around my wrists. And he called for help to another coal and iron police to come there, and he come.

And then I was taken to the railroad track, and whether they carried me or pulled me or how I just don't know, as everything was like dust or smoke in front of me. When they got me up there he twisted the handcuffs up on me, on my hands, and twisted them until the blood ran out. I said "You dirty yellow dog, let me go." He looked at me and laughed and then made another twist. I said "You dirty-yellow scab, you have the map of scabland on your face. You let me go." He looked down from the track and made some sign to somebody, but I couldn't see, and he just twisted the handcuffs tighter than ever, and I said, "God damn you." And when he seen the blood run out he twisted them tighter than ever. And he turned to Mrs. Costa and I told him to release her. And she said, "Mrs. Englert, don't go another step until they release your hands." One of the coal and iron came up and unlocked the handcuffs and said, "Now, will you obey us?" I said, "I don't have to obey you. You took me from private property and I will not obey you. I do not have to." They said, "Will you walk up the railroad track?" I said, "Yes, but you took me off of private property, and this is a free country, and I don't have to take anything off of you.' They walked us up the railroad track, and they got us to a bridge about half a mile up there, and he said "wait here." He called down over on the right side for somebody to come up that was down there. And they said, "Keep them up there." An officer by the name of Little and another officer, with machine guns under their overcoats was there. They said, "This is not for youens but is for your men." I told them that our men were not in it all. My man didn't even know where I was at the time. So they took us on up to the office and kept us for about an hour when Mr. Mapheny got a release for us and brought us down. Senator WHEELER. Your children were in this crowd of some 50 children when they were coming on down home?

Mrs. ENGLERT. Two of my children; a boy of 12 and one of 10.
Senator GOODING. Any questions, members of the committee?
Senator WAGNER. You are living by the aid of the union?

Mrs. ENGLERT. Yes; I am.

Senator WHEELER. What was your condition at the time that this happened? Mrs. ENGLERT. I was pregnant, and eight days afterwards I gave premature birth and was very sick for two weeks, and I am not really over it to-day, as I have trouble with my back and also have dizzy spells and I can not account for it except this knock that I got and when I fell. I have been under the doctor's care off and on ever since. Dr. D. M. Davis, of Curry, was the doctor. Senator GOODING. Any further questions?

Senator WHEELER. Are you getting food enough now?

Mrs. ENGLERT. Yes, sir; I am.

Senator WHEELER. Where is it coming from?

Mrs. ENGLERT. It is coming off the union as far as I know it.

Senator WHEELER. How much do you get?

92214-28-PT 221

Mrs. ENGLERT. I get $6 a week.

Senator WHEELER. Have clothes been furnished you for the children?

Mrs. ENGLERT. Yes, sir; quite a good deal of clothing has come from the American Legion and from the Church of the Nativity.

Senator WHEELER. The American Legion has been donating quite heavily? Mrs. ENGLERT. They have been donating; yes.

Senator GOODING. What do you know about the I. W. W. coming into this camp?

Mrs. ENGLERT. I know that they tried to hold a meeting here yesterday, but they didn't succeed. I know that several women have come to me and asked that my children go to a certain place at certain times and be taken into some union or local.

Senator GoODING. The I. W. W.?

Mrs. ENGLERT. She didn't say it was the I. W. W. They tried to sidetrack that. But it is a union or local of some kind, and they just don't come out with what it is.

Senator GOODING. They are very active around here?

Mrs. ENGLERT. Yes, sir. You, I guess, must have seen some of them as you came along, up on the bridge, or maybe you didn't see them.

Senator GOODING. They have offered you food and clothing?

Mrs. ENGLERT. We got food from them about six weeks ago, not a whole lot but some, and we didn't know where it came from until after we had ate it or we wouldn't have accepted it at all.

Senator GOODING. What did they offer you.

Mrs. ENGLERT. They didn't offer me anything. I didn't go into that hall.
Senator GOODING. Do they maintain a hall here?

Mrs. ENGLERT. Why, they was using the Polish Falcon's Hall.
Senator GOODING. I think that is all. We thank you.

After interviewing a number of witnesses in the union barracks, the committee motored to Terminal Mine No. 4 of the Pittsburgh Coal Corporation and there we met Mr. Arthur Hall, superintendent. In reply to the questions of the committee, Mr. Hall stated that 60 per cent of the men now employed here are colored. At the present time terminal mine No. 4 is working 450 men. The present output of the mine, Mr. Hall stated, was 1,675 tons of coal daily. Before the strike, which occurred April 1, 1927, only 10 per cent of the men employed in the mine were colored.

In this mine the committee found the barracks the negroes lived in in about the same condition as others we had visited-filthy, poorly ventilated, and crowded. One negro stated that their stove had been taken away from them during the middle of the winter and it was necessary to send a committee to Pittsburgh to have it replaced. The committee found much dissatisfaction among the men at this mine.

At 6 o'clock the committee left terminal mine No. 4 and motored to their headquarters at the William Penn Hotel at Pittsburgh. After dinner two of the operators of the Pittsburgh district called upon the committee but, at the request of the operators, no records were made of the statements they made to the committee and each member of the committee felt that the statements made at this executive session would be of great benefit to the committee during the general investigation of the coal industry.

At 11.30 your committee discontinued its labor for the day and retired.

On the second day of the inspection of the coal mines around Pittsburgh (Friday, February 24, 1928) your committee left the William Penn Hotel at 9 a. m. and motored to the Moon Run Mine of the Pittsburgh Coal Co., near Crafton, Pa., and stopped at a

general merchandise store, which is located on the highway at the top of the hill leading down into the coal company's property.

The first witness that the committee examined was James Dinsdale, a union picket. Mr. Dinsdale displayed ugly scars that he had received through the rough treatment of the coal and iron police on the public highway where he was doing picket duty for the union. Mr. Dinsdale told of the killing of Rudolph Saxon, who at one time. was a member of the union. He also told the committee about the killing of a negro in the neighborhood but did not seem to know much about the facts concerning this killing.

The next witness was Thomas Drexler, constable of the precinct of Moon Run. Drexler said he had been elected constable for that precinct but that he was denied the right to exercise his authority for maintaining law and order by the coal and iron police. Mr. Drexler was directed by the committee to go ahead and tell his story, which is in part as follows:

Mr. Drexler. Well, I can give you a point of information in regard to Mr. Dinsdale explaining about this one man being murdered, this old Rudolph. At the time that he was lying murdered in the shanty, I went down to execute a warrant on one of the strike breakers, a negro, and when I went down I was held up by the coal and iron police, who stopped me and told me I had no business down there. I told him I thought I had, that I was elected to the office of constable here in this township, and that I was going to execute my duties. So he insisted that I could not go in there; in fact, he refused to let me go in there, not him alone but backed up by five or six others. So I was outnumbered and the only thing I could do was just what happened-to get shoved out. I got shoved out of there and then the chief of county detectives came out to see me, and him and I went down to the barracks and investigated the murder. When we got down there they told us that they were keeping it a secret. And at that time the murdered man was lying not more than 50 or 75 yards from where I was held up in going down there. When the chief of county detectives and I asked them why they did not report this murder, they told the chief that they were keeping this a secret, trying to get the fellow who committed the murder. That was the story that we obtained from the coal and iron police at the barracks.

Then on another occasion there was

Senator WHEELER (interposing). Did they get the man who committed the murder?

Mr. DREXLER. I don't know whether they got him or not. I don't believe they did. I never heard any reports on it.

Senator GOODING. Who was the murdered man?

Mr. DREXLER. Rudolph, they called him.

Senator GOODING. Had he been a union man?

Mr. DREXLER. Yes; but at the time when he was murdered he was a strike breaker. He was a real old man, probably 65 or 70 years old.

On another occasion, to give you an example of the conditions existing here: I live here in the house on the corner. I was sitting here on the porch and I heard several shots fired in the camp. Then I heard a dog come running up past my house wounded. I learned that the dog belonged to a property owner right across the road from here. The property owner came to me and complained about somebody shooting his dog. I had heard shots fired and heard the dog come hollering up the hill. I said to the property owner, "I will go down and investigate and see if I can learn who wounded your dog." So I went down, and had no more than got down on the company's property until I was arrested by the coal and iron police on the charge of disorderly conduct and trespass, and was taken to the squire's at Imperial and fined $2 and costs on the charge of disorderly conduct and assault and trespass.

Senator WHEELER. What had you done?

Mr. DREXLER. Nothing in the world except to go down and try to execute my duties as I saw them. They said I was trespassing and arrested me and placed against me charges of disorderly conduct and trespassing.

The committee interviewed several other witnesses at Moon Run, all of whom told stories of rough treatment, and some of them showed scars they had received when beaten over the head with blackjacks by the iron and coal police.

After concluding our investigations at this point, your committee proceeded to the office of the Moon Run Mine, which is owned by the Pittsburgh Coal Co., and met its superintendent, R. C. Malarkey, H. M. White, division manager, and others.

Mr. Malarkey was asked about the company abrogating the Jacksonville agreement before it expired. He did not seem to care to answer the question but suggested that Mr. White, division manager, might be able to answer. Mr. White admitted to the committee that the Pittsburgh Coal Co. had abrogated the Jacksonville agreement eight months before its expiration. This mine was operating with 400 men, 40 to 50 per cent of whom were colored. Mr. White stated that no colored men were employed in the mine before the abrogation of the Jacksonville agreement.

The committee found a post office adjoining the office of the company at Moon Run, and before the investigation was concluded stories of bitter conflicts in the Pittsburgh coal fields were told by some of those going to and from the post office for mail.

The committee was advised that pick miners working in the mines under the Jacksonville agreement were paid $1.10 per ton as against 85 cents paid at the present time; and 78.8 cents for machine mined coal as against 58 cents at the present time.

Mr. White was asked if he knew what the cost of production per ton of coal was at the Moon Run mine. He said he did know but preferred not to give it, as he thought this information should come to the committee direct from Pittsburgh.

The committee interviewed two of the coal and iron police at the Moon Run Mine and they advised the committee that their commission gave them authority to inforce law and order all over the entire county regardless of the constables who had been elected by the people to preserve peace.

At 12.50 p. m., the committee concluded its investigation of the Pittsburgh Coal Co.'s Moon Run Mine and motored to McKees Rocks, Pa., for luncheon. After luncheon, we motored to the scene of the Union Barracks near Harmarville, Pa.

The first witness was Joe Lubresky. He told the committee about the illness of himself and wife; how he had been forced to move out of the company's house while they were both ill, and forced to accept quarters in the union barracks, which up to that time had not been. provided with a stove. He said his wife took sick on December 14; on the 16th of December they were forced to move into the new quarters, at which time the weather was extremely cold, and six days after they moved into the new shack his wife died from pneumonia.

The committee next interviewed Mr. Chaltac, local representative of the United Mine Workers of America. He told a story of the activities of the I. W. W.'s; how they had circulated among the people urging them to break the injunction by mass picketing. First, he said they had accepted food and clothing from these people, but on learning that the purpose was only to destroy the union, all their people refused to accept any assistance from their organization, which called itself "the Ohio and Pennsylvania Relief Society."

Mr. Chaltac said they tried to create prejudice against the judges who had issued injunctions against them and in every way tried to breed disorder and discontent urging violation of the injunctions.

The committee was advised that Mr. Max Henrici, reporter for the Sun-Telegraph, Pittsburgh, Pa., could give them some information in regard to the organization known as the "Pittsburgh Relief Society." Mr. Henrici was asked to make a statement for the committee, which is as follows:

Senator GOODING. Mr. Henrici, we are informed that you have had some contact with those people.

Mr. HENRICI. Yes, sir.

Senator GOODING. Will you please tell us about them?

Mr. HENRICI. As I understand it, the Pennsylvania-Ohio Relief Committee is a committee that was formed by the radical elements. They say they represent 34 local unions of the United Mine Workers of America, and you understand that I am now merely repeating what I was told by their chairman, whose name is Anthony Minerich. They have headquarters on the third floor of the Lyceum Building at Pittsburgh. He told me that his committee was formed on the 1st of July last year, and that their platform had six planks. They advocate mass picketing; they advocate violation of injunctions; they advocate nationalization of mines; they demand a five-day week and a six-hour day; they suggest that as a solution for the problem of overproduction that a five-day week and a six-hour day would give enough work for all of the miners. Then they are in favor of going into politics as a labor party. They want strikes to be national affairs and not district affairs as now conducted. And they have one or two other things that escape my attention at the moment.

Their connection with the I. W. W.'s as far as I have been able to observe it is this: They were connected with the Colorado coal miners' strike, which was guided by the I. W. W.'s, and the United Mine Workers of America had nothing to do with that. They had a meeting at which the principal speaker was a man named Embree, an organizer for the I. W. W.'s. That meeting was held in the International Social Lyceum on the north side. Embree came here with two women, Mrs. Blanche Univin and a girl they called "Flaming" something, and they called her that because she always wore a red dress. And they made rather violent speeches, not directly in denunciation of the Government, but by inference that is what they were. This Pennsylvania-Ohio Relief Committee has had posters distributed which inferentially attacked the Government. They say in large type "President Coolidge came to Pittsburgh. He showed no interest in the strike," and a lot of stuff of that sort. "The Government is against us." That is, in a word, the activities of the Pennsylvania-Ohio Relief Committee.

Senator WHEELER. What is Embree's first name?
Mr. HENRICI. Frank Embree.

Senator WHEELER. Where is he from?

Mr. HENRICI. Colorado. They have a subsidiary organization. There are a number of organizations all booked up together. There is the International Labor Defense Association, which has headquarters in the McGeagh Building. They have a local secretary named W. J. White, who appears to be affiliated with the Communist Party. The paper of the Communist Party is called The Daily Worker, and that is always on display at their meetings and at their places, which indicates that they are in sympathy with it, and also with the soviet régime in Russia.

One of the principal figures with the Pennsylvania-Ohio Relief Committee and its affiliated organizations is John Brophy, who was formerly president of Pittsburgh No. 2, of the United Mine Workers of America, and he has recently returned from a trip to Russia, and has been making speeches advocating recognition of the Soviet Government by the United States.

There are a lot of angles to the thing, but that in a nutshell explains something about what they are doing.

This fellow Minerich, chairman of the Pennsylvania-Ohio Relief Committee, the committee that came over here and gave Mr. Lubresky relief, the last Í heard of him he was in jail at Columbus, Ohio. He delivered a speech at Lansing, Ohio, last Saturday, and was arrested, as I understand it, by the deputy marshal and taken to Columbus. I do not know what the charge against him was, but