The following standing committees have been appointed by the speaker of the house: to support our own cauise, under any trial to which | whole-they were concurred in by the house, after" it may be exposed, is the great point on which the an amendment of Mr. Wright, which has a more spe public solicitude rests. It has been often charged cial view to the entire suppression of the slave trade, against free governments, that they have neither the and it was acquiesced in by Mr. Taylor. It was reforesight, nor the virtue to provide, at the proper ferred to a special committee. season, for great emergencies; that their course is improvident and expensive; that war will always find them unprepared, and whatever may be its ca. lamities, that its terrible warnings will be disrewards, of N. C. Mr. Kirkland, Mr. Moore, of Va. Mt. garded and forgotten as soon as peace returns. 1 Rodgers, Mr. Mallary, and Mr. Tucker, of S. c. have full confidence that this charge, so far as re On the committee of ways and means. Mr. Smith, lates to the United States, will be shewn to be utter- of Maryland, Mr. M·Lane, Mr. Mitchell, of South ly destitute of truth. JAMES MONROE. Carolina, Mr. Jones, of Tennessee, Mr. Thompson, Mr. Andrew Stevenson, and Mr. Cambreleng. Washington, December 3, 1822. The Speaker laid before the house letters from the secretaries of the state, treasury, war and navy departments, and from the postmaster general, each transmitting a report of the number of officers and messengers retained in their respective depart. ments, which were severally ordered to lie on the table. The house then proceeded to ballot, (the seventh time), for a person to fill the vacancy of clerk of the house, in the place of the late Thos. Dougherty, esq.; and the votes were as follow: 7th. 8th. 9th. 10th. Mr. Temple 11th 48 98 M. St. C. Clarke 5* Watkins 3 So Matthew St. Clair Clark, of Penn. was duly elected clerk of the house of representatives of the United States, and, being in attendance, was sworn into office. On the commitee of elections. Mr. Sloane, Mr. Ed On the committee of claims. Mr. Williams, of N. C. On the committee of public lands. Mr. Rankin, Mr. On the committee on the post office and post roads. Mr. Francis Johnson, Mr. Hooks, Mr. Gross, Mr. stoddart, Mr. Campbell, of New York, Mr. Bateman, and Mr. Wilson. On the committee for the district of Columbia. Mr. Kent, Mr. Mercer, Mr. Neale, Mr. Matlack, Mr. Patterson, of Pennsylvania, Mr. Rochester, and Mr. James Stephenson. On the committee on the judiciary. Mr. Nelson, of Virginia, Mr. Plumer, of N. Hampshire, Mr. Dickinson, Mr. Burton, Mr. Sanders, Mr. Johnston, of Louisiana, and Mr. Hemphill. On the committee on pensions and revolutionary claims Mr. Rhea, Mr Little, Mr. Eddy, Mr. Allen, of Tennessee, ir. Wm. Smith, Mr. Hubbard, and Mr. Barber, of Ohio. On the committee on public expenditures. Mr. Montgomery, Mr. Dwight, Mr. Crafts, Mr. Gebhard, Mr. Gist, Mr. Tatnall, and Mr. Harris. On the committee on private land claims. Mr. Camp Wednesday, Dec. 4. Messrs. Burrows, of Connecticut; Borland, Litchfield and Morgan, of New York; Neal, of Maryland; J. S. Smith, of Kentucky; Floyd, W. Smith and T. L. Moore, of Virginia; Campbell, of Ohio; and Crudup, of N. Carolina, ap-bell, of Ohio, Mr. Con-kling, Mr. Moore, of Alaba peared and took their seats: also, Mr. Andrew R. Goran, elected in the place of Mr. Overstreet, of S. Carolina, deceased. On motion of Mr. Cocke, of Tenn. it was Resolved, That the committee of ways and means be instructed to inquire into the expediency of prescribing, by law, a mode by which the senators, and representatives, and delegates in congress, shall receive their compensation; and, also, a mode by which the contingent expenses of the senate and house of representatives shall be liquidated and paid. On motion of Mr. Moore, of Alab, it was Resolved, That the judiciary committee be instructed to inquire into the expediency of allow. ing the state of Alabama three representatives, in conformity with the 2d section of the act for the apportionment of representatives among the se. veral states, according to the fourth census. Sundry resolutions, referring the president's message to different committees, as is customary, were introduced by Mr. Taylor, of New York, and agreed to without debate, in a committee of the ma, Mr. Upham, Mr. Sterling, of Connecticut, Mr. Crudup, and Mr. Van Rensselaer. On the committee on manufactures. Mr. Tod, Mr. Woodson, Mr. Floyd, Mr. Conner, Mr. Nelson, of Maryland, Mr. Condict, and Mr. Forward. On the committee on agriculture. Mr. Butler, Mr. Baylies, Mr. Garnett, Mr. M'Neil, Mr. Vance, Mr. Findlay, and Mr. New. On the committee on Indian affairs. Mr. Metcalfe, Mr. Bigelow, Mr. Mitchell, of Pennsylvania, Mr. Mercer, Mr. McCarty, Mr. Williamson, and Mr. Williams, of Virginia. On the committee on foreign affairs. Mr. Russell, Mr. Wright, Mr. Trimble, Mr. Taylor, Mr. Archer, Mr. Farrelly, and Mr. Rodney. On the committee on military affairs. Mr. Eustis, Mr. Cocke, Mr. Walworth, Mr. Darlington, Mr. Smith, of Ken. Mr. McCoy, and Mr. Mattocks. On the committee on naval affairs. Mr. Fuller, Mr. On the committee on revisal and unfinished business. On this occasion it appeared that the votes plac. Thursday's proceedings are unimportant, and ing been made, it was suffered to be corrected by we have not room for them. What is necessary, the next ballot. shall be preserved in our next. PRINTED BY WILLIAM OGDEN WILES, AT THE FRANKIIN PRESS, WATER-STREET, ZAST OF LOUTH-STREIT. NEW SERIES. No.15-VOL. XI.] BALTIMORE, DEC. 14, 1822. [No.15—VOL. XXIII. WHOLE NO. 587 THE PAST-THE PRESENT-FOR THE FUTURE. EDITED AND PUBLISHED BY H, NILES, AT $5 per annum, PAYABLE IN ADVANCE. We have a copy of the volume of documents] VERMONT. We have often wondered at the shortthat accompanied the president's message-out of ness of the sessions of the legislature of this state, which we shall make some liberal extracts and ab which appears to be as well governed as any other stracts of what we suppose most interesting to our in the union: but the following classification of the readers. Without the tables, it makes 91 pages. members recently elected, shews a reason for the despatch of business: Farmers 157, manufacturers and mechanics 22, lawyers 20, merchants 12, printer 1-total 212. There is a report that com. PoRTER is to take command on the West India, station, with discretionary powers to suppress piracy, if it be possible"peaceably if he can, forcibly if he must." This matter could not be confided to a better man, and we say, let commerce be protected-about which we shall, probably, offer some further remarks in our next. The British now have six or eight vessels cruising on the coast of Cuba, for the suppression of pi racy, and they appear to be active. One of them has captured a piratical schooner off Matanzas, and killed or secured the whole of the crew-15 of them have been sent to Nassau. THE GREEKS. A vessel has arrived at New York, in 45 days from Leghorn, bringing intelligence that peace had been concluded between the Turks and the Greeks, through the mediation of the emperor of Russia. "The news was brought to Leghorn on the 22d Oct. by a vessel from Constantinople, and captain Ashford states that the fact was generally believed at Leghorn, whence he sailed on the 25th. He also says, that the treaty leaves the Greeks in the sume state of slavery they were in before the war." We do not believe this-no former account Mas intimated that the subject was suggested, and it would require some time to settle the principles and obtain the assent of the parties. Virginia. The report of the treasurer to the legislature of this state, shews, that on the first day of October, 1821, there was in the Treasury $140, 729 32 cents; that during the last fiscal year, the receipts at the Treasury, amount to $739,699 78 cts. and disbursements during the same period to $770, 955 63 cents; leaving a balance in the Treasury on the 30th day of September last, of $100,473 47 cents" It also appears, that "of the balance, the sum of $25,464 89 cents, was at the credit of the Literary Fund-and the sum of $22,584 77 cents to the credit of the board of public works. Of the balance, the sum of $13,963 10 cents had been paid into the Treasury, at different periods, by the subscribers to the erection of a Monument, to the memory of Gen. George Washington. NORTH CAROLINA. The annual report of the treasurer of the state, exhibits the following par ticulars: Receipts for the past fiscal year 127,064 24 114,099 44 cluding treasury notes, &c. burnt Balance in the treasury, Nov. 1, SOUTH CAROLINA. Col. Hayne has been elected a senator of the United States for six years, in the the place of judge Smith, by a majority of 18-whole number of votes 164. It seems that col. H. was thought friendly to Mr. Calhoun, and Mr Smith to Mr. Crawford, as president of the U. States. Why should the election of a senator have any thing to do with the election of a president. CHURCH AFFAIRS. The differences among the congregation of St. Mary's church. Philadelphia, appear to be widened by a late rescript of the pope, which it was thought would heal them. The Prustees and a few pew-holders, had a meeting to take the subject into consideration-"the result was, (says a communication in the Centinel), that the gentlemen present voluntarily subscribed five thousand dollars, to be appropriated to resist this foreign monster.' DIPLOMATIC AGENTS. We have envoys extraor- GEORGIA. An attempt to change the constitu dinary and ministers plenipotentiary, at London, tion of the state, so as to give the people the elec. Paris, St. Petersburg, Madrid and Lisbon, at 9000 tion of their chief magistrate, has failed in the senate: dollars a year, with outfits and infits, and secreta. for the bill 30, against it 17-two thirds of the votes ries of legation at 2000 each. There are charges being required, the proposed amendment was, des affaires at Amsterdam and Stockholm, at 4,500 consequently, lost. dollars, and sundry consul-generals, agents, &c. مصلحة KENTUCKY. The auditor reports, that the receipts In the treasury, 10th Oct. 1821 Various payments during the year, 232,446 60 73,810 78 306,257 44 251,411 22 all for the protection of commerce. We hope to see the time when we shall not have one minister of the present year, ending Oct. 10, amount to plenipotentiary, resident abroad. We have nothing to do with the politics of the old world, and special missions, to accomplish special purposes, would better suit the genius of our government and the state of our means to pay for them. We are, and ought to be, a separate people. No favors are ever granted to us; and we would do unto other nations Just as they do unto us, provided they refused to meet us in commerce and navigation on reciprocal principles. And it is only in respect to these, that we have any rightful business with any of them. Vei. XXIII.- -15. In treasury, 10th Oct. 1822 54,846 22 Some of the chief items of expenditure arefor the executive and judicial departments, $28, 990; attornies 5,272; legislature 26,793, two ses Istons; stock subscribed to the bank; of the ooth monwealth $75,715; support of lunatics $15,490; | cil of Florida.) Whilst on the subject, it may be Joans to the penitentiary 21,352 dollars; slaves ex- remarked, that the distance between St. Augus ecuted 1,600 dollars; criminal prosecutions 10,439 tine and Florida, even by land, is twenty days jour dollars, &c. cents omitted. ney on horseback, which renders it impracticabl that the two Floridas should long remain under one government. The expenditures the next year are estimated at 183,600 dollars; viz. salaries 35,000 dollars; legislative and contingent 40,000 dollars; criminal prosecutions 12,000 dollars; slaves [TO BE] executed 2,000 dollars; lunatics 18,000 dollars, &c. The receipts are estimated at 176,329 dollars, viz. taxes 69,483; from clerks on law processes 10,000 dollars; tax on bank of Kentucky 7,500 dollars; dividends on stock in ditto 27,000 dollars; on ditto in the bank of the commonwealth 54,000 dollars, &c. It appears that the present balance against the penitentiary establishment amounts to 61,369 dollars, but there are credits in the sum of 31,344 dollars; and the nominal worth of the claim's is 31,344 dollars. DETROIT. The people of this city, about the 13th of November, were apprised, by news-papers from the eastward, that they were very sickly! It seems that they had not known any thing of a "terrible" disease that prevailed among them, until they were thus informed of it! To be scrious, Detroit has not been sickly during the late season-the whol number of deaths thereat, from the 1st of May, to the 1st of November, was less than twenty. "LET US ALONE." A friend (says the Chronicley has mentioned an anecdote which transpired ca REVOLUTIONARY PENSIONS. A letter from a sol. the arrival of the regular packet ship Franklin, dier in the war of independence is published in that plies between Baltimore and Liverpool, which the National Intelligencer, shewing that revo we think worthy of being recorded. On the last lutionary pensioners in the west are paid their pit- voyage, an American citizen and a native of this tances in the depreciated currency of that district city, took passage on board, for the recovery of of our country. We do not believe that this prac-his health, with no other books than a bible, a comtice could be known at Washington--but if the fact mon prayer book, and a volume of Silliman's tra is so, some persons have been playing a game for vels. These books were pronounced at the cus. which they should be rendered infamous, in making tom house at Liverpool, liable to a duty. Aston. a profit of from 20 to 50 per cent. on their disburse-ished at such intelligence, the passenger waited ments, at the cost of the poor and needy, the few yet remaining of those who fought in the revolution. The truth should be known--if it is so, that the amount due is drawn from the United States trea. sury in "good money," as we suppose that it is, and paid to the pensioners in the wretched curren. cy of Kentucky, it is about one of the most ras. cally things that we have heard of, and the rames of the actors in it should be given up to public execration. We are afraid the fact is as presumed. LONGEVITY. By a paragraph in a late New Hamp. shire Patriot, it appears, that no less than seventy. five persons have died within that state since 1732, who bad attained the remarkable age of 100 years and upwards; of these one reached 120, another 116, and a third 115 years. It mentions the following persons yet living; Mrs. Tryphena Stiles, of Somersworth; Mrs. Mary Bar. nard, of Amherst, Mrs. Bailey, of Chesterfield, each aged 101; Mrs. Sarah Kelly, of New Hampton, 103; and the venerable Mr. Samuel Welsh, of Bow, in his 113th year. upon the collector of the port, and represented himself as an American travelling for his health, and remonstrated on the absurdity and injustice of this demand for custom-house duty on a bible and prayer book, in a nation where so many charitable, human and religious societies were formed for the dispensation of these very volumes. No apology, no excuse would answer--the custom house d ties were paid. FAMILY OF NAPOLEON. It is said that Lucien Bo naparte and his family, and Achille Murat, aldest son of the ex-king of Naples, have received liberty to depart for the United States. If they are wil ling to work to get an honest living, we shall be glad of their arrival-but we have consumers enough already. THE DROPSY-CURED. Two persons of Louisiana lately fought a duel in Texas. One of them had been labouring under an abdominal dropsy, He was slot through the belly. The dropsical matter was discharged; and the bowels, from the inflammation excited by the wound, adhering to the péritoneum, a permanent cure was accomplished, and the man is now hale and hearty. FLORIDA. We have always supported the project of annexing the strip of land, west of the Ap. palachicola, to the state of Alabama, to which it seems naturally to belong; and, surely, its junction, LAWYERS. The Philadelphia Union states, that for the purposes of government, with the peninsu- Mr. Griffith, of Burlington, has ascertained that la of East Florida, is exceedingly inconvenient, if the practising members of the bar in the United not absurd-provided it is designed to continue it. States, exceed in number 6000, of which NewSpeaking of the late wreck of the United States York furnishes the disproportionate amount of schooner Alligator, on Craysford Reef, the Nati- 1391. Mr. Griffith has the names and places of reonal Intelligencer observes-The navigation along sidence of those who were practising in 1821, in the coast of Florida is said to be the most dange- fifteen states: Maine had then 217, Massachusetts rous in the world. The distance between Pensa. 521, New Hampshire 204, Vermont 220, Connec cola and St. Augustine is, by water, two thousand ticut 273, New York 1391, New Jersey 134, Penn. miles, of this dangerous navigation; and vessels sylvania 417, Delaware 32, Maryland 175, Virginia are frequently lost in attempting the passage. 483, Kentucky 307, Ohio 204, Georgia 157, LouSeven vessels were lost in that sea and on that isiana 106,-whole number in these, 4841. In the shore in one storm in May or June last, some of the other nine states, namely, Rhode Island, North which were never after heard of-particularly one Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Mississippi, with several passengers, (among whom was Mr. Alabama, Indiana, Illinois and Missouri, the num LYTLE, of Baltimore, one of the executive coun- ber is supposed to be at least 1000. MR. CLAY. After an adjournment of the senate and his pen, he could conquer empires; but the gover house of representatives of Kentucky, on the 18th nor of Porto Rico, (and we doubt not he is a good ult, the members met in the hall of the latter, and, judge of style), calls Irvine's proclamation “un exhaving appointed Willia a T. Barry, chairman, and ordeo extravagante y concebido an un language bar Thomas Speer, secretary, a resolution was unani-baro"-The "government" of which Irvine is, or mously passed, recommending HENRY CLAY as a suitable person to succeed Mr. Monroe, as presi. dent of the United States. To this resolution is attached an address. It is probable that we shall publish the proceedings at full length in our next. was secretary, he calls the "Republic of Bericua." We suspect this republic has disappeared. A letter from St. Jago de Cuba, dated Oct. 31, There is something wrong in this business something apparently disgraceful to our country, and on which it would be well to excite attention and inquiry at Washington. The piracies abroad SPONTANEOUS COMBUSTION. The following singu- give us trouble enough; let us have vo domestic exlar incident lately happened at Taunton, Massachu-peditions that have any resemblance to piracy. setts-About two tons of refuse iron, consisting of filings and shavings, were deposited in a wooden and printed in the Havana papers, says "The fristore near this village. By accident, a few quarts of linseed oil were spilt on the heap. In about three weeks after this occurred, a person walking over the mound, perceived it to be very sensibly warm. In opening it, a great part of the interior was discovered to be heated to redness! N. B. The iron was free from sulphur, (which is known to infame spontaneously with iron.) SILVER MINES. It is believed that there is no truth in a late report of the discovery of certain silver mines in North Carolina. THE PORTO RICO EXTEDITION. Though this mat. ter is of very little importance, it may be, perhaps, useful to record some further account of it. gate Ligera, with her worthy commander, Laborde is in port at Curracoa, where came in sight five schooners, directing their course to that point. This brave commander presented himself immediately to the governor, and asked permission to set sail to reconnoitre, but was positively refused. but as he made the most energetic protestation im the name of the Spanish nation, he was at last permitted to sail, which was immediately effected, and coming up with the 5 schooners, he beat thenr completely, took 3 out of the 5, and conducted them in triumph to Porto Cabello. "He found on board of them 4000 muskets, and a large quantity of ammunition, with some gentry, calling themselves governors, intendants, &c. It is ascertained that this expedition sailed from Philadel phia for Curracoa, with the intent to invade the Is By an arrival at Charleston from Havana, the editors of the City Gazette have received many pa-land of Porto Rico. pers from the latter-from their notices of those. papers we extract the following: "But I think they were from the province of Caraccas or Carthagena. The two schooners The Neticioso' of the 19th Nov. contains the which escaped, entered Curracoa; the governor proclamation of the governor of Porto Rico, dated of the Island had them scrupulously searched, and 13th October, 1822, giving his reasons for the ca- there being found many instruments of war, ampital punishment imposed upon Pedro Dubois, and munition, and a quantity of papers, he arrested many others, for having attempted, in conjunction the people and sequestered the ships until further with outlaws and foreigners, to revolutionize the orders from government. We owe the security of island, and take possession of the same. It appears this Isle to Morales, Laborde, and Calzada, who that the insurgents calculated on external assistance, are indefatigable to protect us in our tranquility. and that a servile war was to have been raised. "The governor of Porto Rioo, Sr. Latorre, has The governor, however, says, that he had, from just discovered a conspiracy, set on foot by some time to time, received information of their inten-individuals in the interior of the island, in com tions. He states the focus of this incendiary at- munication with some malevolent strangers. But tempt was in the United States, and sustained and Latorre one morning, with a company of 100 strong. animated by individuals, through error or through issued from the city with secrecy, and surprised ambition. The governor proceeds to give an ac- the conspirators, and a large deposite of arms, &c. count of the expedition and of the progress of the they were all brought to town to be judged, exadventurers-the places they touched at their cept one Frenchman (Dubois) who has already rendezvous at the east end of Porto Rico-been executed in this city a few days ago. their extravagant proclamations-offering to all, equality of rights, an asylum, happiness and protection." These proclamations are signed from Head Quarters, Mayquez, Sept. 1822, by "Louis Villaume Ducondray Holstein"-no ficti tious name, but belonging to a Swedish adventurer, who had formerly been governor of the castles of Boccachica, and afterwards earned his living in the honest calling of a music and French master. His excellency appears to have been very happy in tracing the steps of this man, who, he says, fled to New York, and there organized, with some Americans, the plan of attacking a neutral government. "On account of these transactions, measures have been taken, which rendered it utterly impos sible, either to sail from or enter the Island, unless strictly examined." NAVAL COURT OF INQUIRY. Having published the analysis of the late naval court of enquiry, instituted at the request of captain Hull*-referred to in the following communication, we feel bound, in obedience to the common principles of justice and the right of reply, to give place to the subsequent article To John Rodgers, esqr. Charlestown, Dec. 3, 1822. But a much more significant signature appears President of the late court of inquiry. to these proclamations: “B. Irvine, government sec. SIR-In looking over the report of the court of retary pro. tem." This Irvine was formerly edi- inquiry on captain Isaac Hull, of the United States tor of a paper, called the Columbian,' in New navy, I find my name introduced in the following York: and afterwards of the Washington City quotation. "Of all the witnesses examined on this Gazette.' The good people at St. Bartholemews thought Mr. Irvine a great writer,' and that, with i *See page 190, present volume. of the metals amounted to 1,200,000 dollars. This vein is of the extraordinary breadth of 130 feet.It continued highly productive till 1798, when it had reached a depth of 1574 feet; since that time the mineral has become less valuable, the metales colorados have disappeared, and pyritous and cop. pery, minerals are found with the silver It is, however, still worked to considerable profit, but not to the extraordinary advantage which was yielded between 1778 and 1798. [These things sound "large," as the cant saying subject, [the fraud of Fosdick], none expressed a present belief of such a connexion or collusion, except lieut. Joel Abbot and Daniel Leman; but these were so utterly discredited, as appears on the face of the record, that they were deemed unworthy of any credit by this court." I will now ask the gen tlemen of that court the favor, which I think I have the right to expect, what evidence there is on the face of their record, or in my written testimony, or in my character as a good citizen, and as a man of honor and integrity, that gives them the right to publish me to the world, as a person utterly unwor-is-yet the fact exists, that mining, in Mexico, is thy of credit. Now, if these gentlemen will pub. Lish the whole of my written testimony as given to them, I am willing to stand or fall by the judgment of my fellow citizens. I ask this as a duty the gentlemen of that court owe me, from whom they seem to wish to take that which an honest man holds dearer than life-that is, his character for truth.Take this away, and I acknowledge that I am poor indeed. Who is there so poor in spirit, as to suffer his good name to be taken from him, and be told that he dare not vindicate himself? Daty to myself and children, demand that you do me jus tice. This I have a right to claim, and shall claim, till the laws of my country take it away. Your humble servant, DANIEL LEMAN. The following certificate of the selectmen of Charlestown, is given to show what my reputation is among my fellow citizens, who have known me more than thirty years. [COPY.] D. L. considered pretty much like dealing in a lottery: and persons engaged in it must be possessed of much solid capital, or be regarded as unworthy of credit-so uncertain is the result of their specula tions.] FROM A NEW JERSEY CORRESPONDENT. Permit me, sir, through the medium of your useful and widely circulating Register, to inquire: 1st. Will our southern and West India commerce be permitted to be depredated upon and destroyed by pirates? 2d. Will our national industry be suffered to languish and decline for the want of adequate protection? If so, other men must govern our republic. We shall not merely say "principles, not men," but shall say "MEASURES." "No idle professions of principles; no empty parade of the names of parties or of individual;" measures, efficient and powerful, adapted to the exigencies of our country, must be adopted, or the men now in power will soon pass into the obscurity of private life. To all whom it may concern: Whereas, Daniel Leman, of Charlestown, in the commonwealth of Massachusetts, has made application to the select- As early as 1816, the attention of more than one men of said town for a certificate of his general distinguished member of congress was called to the character-This is to certify that we, the under-subject of piracy. It was distinctly foresceu and foresigned, know the said Daniel Leman as a native in habitant, a mechanic, who ranks high in his occupation, and a peaceable good citizen, and that we believe him to be an honest man, and worthy of confidence. Richard Devens, Thomas Harris, James K. Frothingham, Samuel Gardner, Simeon Copps, Isaac Mead, Charlestown, Dec. 2, 1822. าะ of Charlestown. Selectmen told, that after the cessation of a maritime warfare of so long continuance and so widely extended, piracies would be frequent; that many men, long accustomed to plunder on the ocean for others, and, "above the dull pursuits of civil life," would, on the return of a general peace, set up plundering for themselves; and it was urged, with the earnestness of sincere patriotism, to prepare and guard against a danger so obvious. My dear sir, we wanted just about the cost of a single 74, laid out in vessels of 16 to 24 guns.-But no, "the pomp, the pride, the circumstance of glorious warfare" forbade this, and commerce suffers. On the protection of national industry, what can MEXICAN MINES. The silver mine of Valencianabe said that has not been said? Can any new views has produced the most uniform profit to its owners; be taken of the subject? Must we become a bankbut that of Sombrete, in the intendency of Zacate- rupt, impoverished and ruined people, in order to cas, has produced the largest profit in a short pe- learn that our true wisdom consists in protecting riod. A portion of this mine, called, (veta negra), the industry of our own citizens? This is the the black vein, yielded to its proprietors, the family course, I fear, we shall pursue; and, when we find of the marquis del Apartado, upwards of 800,000, the wealth of the nation exhausted, learn, too late, sterling, within six months; and though nothing ap- that, by due protection, our ample capital might proaching to that profit has since been gained, it have been saved and used as a means and a stimustill holds its rank among mines of the first class-lus to national industry, which then will be stimu. The mines of Catorce have been begun, but re-lated only by poverty and want. cently, to be excavated. This district was first ex- The relationships, the order and course of all plored by an accurate and adventurous miner, in 1778. He was fortunate enough, at first trial, to hit on what is called the great vein, veta grande), and in a very short time gained more than half a million of dollars by it. The great riches of the vein, however, were not developed till it had been carried 350 feet down, whence, to the depth of 550 feet, they found the metals called colorados, a mix. ture of silver and gold, and abundance of native silver At that period, the expense of working scarcely exceeded 80,000 dollars, whilst the value things, may, by means of our copious language, be accurately described. I pretend not to any peculiar felicity of expression, but will essay. A relationship subsists between the beaver catcher, who lives at the foot of the Rocky Mountain, and the Londoner, who wears the hat made of the beaver. A nation merely occupied in hunting for the furs, skins and flesh of wild animals, must occupy a vast extent of country, however fertile,or be few in num ber. If they exchange for the agricultural and |