AIDERS AND ABETTORS-continued.

and to be liable to the same forfeiture or punishment as the prin-
cipal, 11 & 12 Vict. c. 43, s. 5.

aiders and abettors of misdemeanors, 24 & 25 Vict. c. 95, s. 8. See
ACCESSORIES.

ALEHOUSES, penalties for selling ale or beer, or exciseable liquors,
without a licence, and recovery and application thereof, &c., 35
Geo. 3, c. 113.

licences of, may be declared forfeited, if unlawful or seditious meet-
ing held, or seditious or immoral publications read therein, 39
Geo. 3, c. 79, ss. 14 & 21; or if certain other unlawful or sedi-
tious meetings held therein, 57 Geo. 3, c. 19, s. 29.

repealing duties for licences, and imposing other duties, 56 Geo. 3,

c. 113.

regulating licensing of, &c., 9 Geo. 4, c. 61.

authorizing transfer of licences by justices in petty sessions, until
the holding of special sessions, 5 & 6 Vict. c. 44.

not to be open for sale of liquors before half-past twelve o'clock in
the afternoon, or the termination of morning divine service, on
Sundays, Christmas-day, Good Friday, and Public Fasts and
Thanksgivings, 11 & 12 Vict. c. 49; justices may direct a moiety
of any penalty on summary conviction under last-mentioned act
to be paid to the Police Superannuation Fund, 13 & 14 Vict.
c. 87; 11 & 12 Vict. c. 49 extended, 17 & 18 Vict. c. 79; last-
mentioned act repealed, 18 & 19 Vict. c. 118; licensed victuallers
and beer sellers, and persons licensed or authorized to sell fer-
mented liquors, not to open houses between three and five in the
afternoon, nor after eleven o'clock, P.M., on Sundays, Christmas-
days, and Public Fasts and Thanksgivings, nor before four, A.M.,
on the following morning, except to a traveller or to a lodger there-
in, ib. s. 2; no place of public resort for sale of fermented liquors
to be open between same periods, ib. s. 3; power to constables
to enter houses, ib. s. 4; penalty not exceeding 51. for every
offence, ib. s. 5; application of penalty, 22 & 23 Vict. c. 32, s. 14.
as to licences for billiards by justices at general licensing meeting,
see 8 & 9 Vict. c. 109, s. 10, et seq.

as to licences of canteens, see 24 & 25 Vict. c. 7, (Annual Mutiny
Act), s. 93, and 24 & 25 Vict. c. 8 (Annual Marine Mutiny Act),
s. 95. See BEER; PASSAGE VESSELS.

ALIENATION,

on sale of lands, the feoffee to hold of the chief lord, and not of the
feoffor, 18 Edw. 1, st. 1, c. 1. (Quia emptores.)

by women seised ex provisione viri, void, 11 Hen. 7, c. 20; repealed,
except as to lands previously in settlement, 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 74,
s. 17, see more fully under tit. TENANTS (in tail).

of land devised to executors to be sold, may be by the acting exe-
cutors only, 21 Hen. 8, c. 4.

contingent or executory interests, rights of entry, &c., in freehold,
copy hold or leasehold land, or personal property, may be as-
signed or charged by deed, 7 & 8 Vict. c. 76, s. 5; repealed, 8 & 9

ALIENATION-continued.

Vict. c. 106; similar provisions (but not extending to personal chattels), ib. s. 6.

ALIENS.

Children born abroad (father and mother bearing allegiance to England), to have benefits of natural-born subjects, 25 Edw. 3, st. 2; 42 Edw. 3, c. 10.

not to hold benefices, 3 Rich. 2, c. 3; 7 Rich. 2, c. 12.

to be bound by all the laws and statutes of the realm, 32 Hen. 8, c. 16, s. 9.

natural-born subjects may trace descent through, 11 & 12 Will. 3, c. 6; explained 25 Geo. 2, c. 39.

children of natural-born subjects born out of the ligeance of her Majesty to be deemed natural-born subjects, 7 Ann. c. 5, s. 3; explained to refer to children whose fathers were natural-born subjects at time of birth of child, but not (with certain exceptions), to children of persons attainted of treason, outlawed, or in service of foreign princes at enmity with this country, 4 Geo. 2, c. 21. foreign seamen serving, under royal proclamation, on board ships of war or merchant ships, two years during a war, to have all the privileges and capacities of a natural-born subject, 13 Geo. 2, c. 3; confirmed 20 Geo. 3, c. 20, s. 3.

foreigners living seven years in any of the British colonies in America, and taking certain oaths, &c., to be deemed naturalborn subjects, 13 Geo. 2, c. 7; extended to all foreign Protestants (although they may conscientiously scruple the oaths) on making affirmation, &c., 20 Geo. 2, c. 44; similar provisions in favour of foreign Protestants employed for three years in the Greenland fishery; but benefit of this act lost if party go out of British dominions for more than twelve months at a time, 22 Geo. 2, c. 45, s. 8, et seq.; similar provisions in favour of foreign Protestants serving in the army, or as engineers, in America, for two years, 2 Geo. 3, c. 25.

extending the privileges of 4 Geo. 2, c. 21, to the children of fathers naturalized under that act, notwithstanding the provisions of 12 & 13 Will. 3, c. 2 (which see, under tit. NATURALIZATION), 13 Geo. 3, c. 21.

explaining the 13 Geo. 2, c. 7, and 2 Geo. 3, c. 25 ; 13 Geo. 3, c. 25. aliens lending money on security of freehold or leasehold estates in the West India colonies, may prosecute certain suits, &c., whether the country of such aliens be at war with this kingdom or not, 13 Geo. 3, c. 14.

as to admission of, to holy orders, see tit. CLERGY; and consecration of, as bishops, see ECCLESIASTICAL DIGNITIES. for the registration of aliens, 6 & 7 Will. 4, c. 11.

amending laws relating to; persons born abroad of a mother being a natural-born subject, may hold real or personal property; alien friends may hold personal property, except chattels real; mode of becoming naturalized on obtaining a certificate from a Secretary of State; and other provisions, 7 & 8 Vict. c. 66. legalizing acts of colonial legislatures for naturalization of; and declaring that the last-mentioned act does not extend to the colonies, 10 & 11 Vict. c. 83.

ALIENS-continued.

authorizing the removal of, from the realm (to continue in force
for one year, and to end of the then next session), 11 & 12
Vict. c. 20, expired.

as to the enlistment of foreigners into the army, see tit. ARMY;
MERCHANT STRANGERS; NATURALIZATION.

ALLEGIANCE, forfeiture of offices, &c., by persons who go not in
person with the king in his wars, 11 Hen. 7, c. 18.

endeavouring to seduce persons serving in his Majesty's forces by
sea or land from their allegiance, felony, death, 37 Geo. 3, c. 70;
continued, 54 Geo. 3, c. 158; 55 Geo. 3, c. 171; revived and
made perpetual, 57 Geo. 3, c. 7; abolishing punishment of death
for that offence, and substituting transportation for life, or not less
than fifteen years, or imprisonment not exceeding three years,
7 Will. 4 & 1 Vict. c. 91. See TRANSPORTATION; OATHS
(unlawful).

punishment of persons aiding prisoners of war to escape, 52 Geo. 3,
c. 156.

Oath of,

by whom, and how to be taken, &c., 1 Will. & M. sess. 1, c. 8.
to be taken by practitioners in the law, under pain of a præmunire,
7 & 8 Will. 3, c. 24.

may be taken in the Common Pleas or Exchequer, as well as in
Chancery or the King's Bench, 1 Ann. st. 1, c. 22, s. 5. See
CLERGY.

form in which Roman Catholics to take, 31 Geo. 3, c. 32.

new oath to be taken by Roman Catholics, instead of the oaths of
allegiance, supremacy, and abjuration, 10 Geo. 4, c. 7.

repealing (inter alia) so much of 1 Will. & M. sess. 1, c. 8, as
imposed penalties and disabilities on persons refusing to take the
oaths therein mentioned, 7 & 8 Vict. c. 102.

repealing certain provisoes in the 31 Geo. 3, c. 32; 9 & 10 Vict.
. c. 59.

substituting one oath for the oaths of allegiance, supremacy, and
abjuration, 21 & 22 Vict. c. 48.

power to modify it for Jews in Parliament, 21 & 22 Vict. c. 49 ;
amended, 23 & 24 Vict. c. 63.

form of affirmation in lieu of oath, 22 Vict. c. 10.

ALLOTMENT SYSTEM. See various provisions as to allotment
of land to the labouring poor, under tit. POOR, division Miscel-
laneous.

AMBASSADORS, privileging ambassadors, and other public minis-
ters of foreign states, and their servants, from all process against
their persons and chattels, 7 Ann. c. 12.

power to administer oaths and do notarial acts, 18 & 19 Vict. c. 42.
AMENDMENT (of Records),

clerical errors may be amended, 14 Edw. 3, st. 1, c. 6; as well after
as before judgment, 9 Hen. 5, st. 1, c. 4; 4 Hen. 6, c. 3.

what records and defects may be amended, 8 Hen. 6, c. 12; 8 Hen. 6,
c. 15. See JEOFAILS.

AMENDMENT-continued.

after demurrer joined, defects of form (not specially demurred against) may be amended, 27 Eliz. c. 5, s. 2.

after verdict, various specified defects may be amended, 16 & 17 Car. 2, c. 8; made perpetual, 22 & 23 Car. 2, c. 4.

writs of error varying from the original record, or otherwise defective, may be amended, 5 Geo. 1, c. 13.

Courts of Record, Judges at Nisi Prius, and Courts of Oyer and Terminer, and gaol delivery, may cause the record to be amended on trials of civil actions or for misdemeanors, in case of variance between written evidence and the record, not material to the merits of the case, 9 Geo. 4, c. 15; more extensive powers to make amendments, where variance not material to the merits, 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 42, s. 23; the like powers also given to sheriff, or his deputy, on trial of issues, ib. s. 18; instead of amendment, the Court or Judge may direct facts to be found specially, ib.

s. 24.

fines and recoveries in certain cases made valid without amendment, 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 74, s. 7, et seq. Courts of Oyer and Terminer, and general gaol delivery, may cause indictment or information for any offence whatever, to be amended, in case of variance between any matter in writing or in print produced in evidence, and the recital or setting forth thereof, 11 & 12 Vict. c. 46, s. 4; the same power given, as to indictments, to Courts of Quarter Sessions, 12 & 13 Vict. c. 45, s. 10. Courts may amend indictment for felony or misdemeanor, in case of variance between statement and proof, in several specified particulars, 14 & 15 Vict. c. 100, s. 1, et seq.

superior Courts of common law, and every Judge thereof, and any Judge at Nisi Prius, may amend all defects and errors in proceedings in civil cases, whether there is anything in writing to amend by or not, and whether the defect or error be that of the party applying or not; such amendments may be made with or without costs, and upon such terms as to the Court or Judge may seem fit; and all such amendments as may be necessary for determining in the existing suit the real question in controversy, shall be so made (the Common Law Procedure Act, 1852) 15 & 16 Vict. c. 76, s. 222; similar provision in the Common Law Procedure Act, 1854, 17 & 18 Vict. c. 125, s. 96, and in the Common Law Procedure Act, 1860, 23 & 24 Vict. c. 126, s. 36; s. 222 of 15 & 16 Vict. c. 76, extended to suits, &c., on the revenue side of the Exchequer, 22 & 23 Vict. c. 21, s. 9. orders of removal may, in certain cases, be amended on trial of appeal, or on return to writ of certiorari, 11 & 12 Vict. c. 31, s. 6. of other orders of Justices of the Peace. See QUARTER SESSIONS. in certain cases of misnomer, nonjoinder, misjoinder, &c. See JOINDER; ABATEMENT; PLEADING.

AMERCIAMENTS, how to be made, and by whom, 9 Hen. 3, c. 14. to be reasonable, 3 Edw. 1, c. 6. See FINES; ÉSTREATS.

ANATOMY, for regulating schools of, 2 & 3 Will. 4, c. 75. repealing so much of the above act as directs that the bodies of murderers shall be hung in chains, 4 & 5 Will. 4, c. 26.

ANCIENT DEMESNE, recoveries in Courts of, may be suffered
by attorney, 59 Geo. 3, c. 80, s. 1, repealed, and new provisions,
11 Geo. 4 & 1 Will. 4, c. 65, ss. 1 and 11.

fines and recoveries of lands in, levied or suffered in a superior
Court may be reversed by writ of deceit as against the lord
only, but shall be as valid, as against the parties thereto, as if
not reversed, 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 74, s. 4; rendering valid fines and
recoveries in Manor Court, although tenure has been changed by
fine or recovery unreversed in superior Court, ib. s. 5; tenure
restored in certain cases, where rights of lord have been recog-
nized within twenty years; no writ of deceit after 31st December,
1833, ib. s. 6.

ANIMALS. See CATTLE.

ANNUITIES,

for registering the grants of life annuities, and for the better pro-
tection of infants against such grants, 17 Geo. 3, c. 26; repealed,
and new provisions; memorial of deeds to be enrolled in Chan-
cery within thirty days, &c., 53 Geo. 3, c. 141; amended, as to
describing witnesses in memorial, &c., 3 Geo. 4, c. 92; explained;
no further description of witnesses necessary in memorial than
that used in deed, 7 Geo. 4, c. 75; 53 Geo. 3, c. 141, repealed,
17 & 18 Vict. c. 90; 17 Geo. 3, c. 26, repealed again (!) 24 & 25
Vict. c. 101.

making all annuities payable under instruments executed, or wills
coming into operation, after 16th June, 1834, apportionable,
4 & 5 Will. 4, c. 22, ss. 2 and 3 repealed, 23 & 24 Vict. c. 154.
as to tontine annuities. See TONTINE ACTS.

enabling Commissioners for Reduction of the National Debt to
grant annuities for life and terms of years, 10 Geo. 4, c. 24;
amended, 2 & 3 Will. 4, c. 59; 1 & 2 Vict. c. 49.

enabling depositors in Savings' Banks, and others, to purchase
annuities through the medium of Savings' Banks, 3 & 4 Will. 4,
c. 14; amended, 7 & 8 Vict. c. 83, ss. 8 and 9; consolidated and
amended, 16 & 17 Vict. c. 45.

APOTHECARIES, exempted from serving certain offices, 6 & 7
Will. & M. c. 4; made perpetual, 9 Geo. 1, c. 8.

for better regulating the practice of, 55 Geo. 3, c. 194; explained,
6 Geo. 4, c. 133 [latter act expired 1st August, 1826.]
certificates under the common seal of the Apothecaries' Company to
be received in evidence without proof, and to be sufficient proof
of the qualification to practise, 14 & 15 Vict. c. 99, s. 8.

see MEDICAL PRACTITIONERS; PHARMACEUTICAL CHE-

MISTS.

APPEAL, COURT OF, Court of Error to be, 17 & 18 Vict. c. 125,
s. 36; 23 & 24 Vict. c. 126, s. 6.

APPEALS, against orders of Justices, &c. See QUARTER SESSIONS
and JUSTICES OF THE PEACE.

against orders of removal. See tit. POOR, division Removal.
against poor rate. See same title, division Rate.