himself which others laboured for, but was ftill ready to promote the pretences of worthy men and he was equally celebrated in the country, for having received no obligations from the court, which might corrupt or fway his affections and judgment.-He was a great lover of his country, and of the religion and justice which he believed could only fupport it: and his friendships were only with men of those principles.-Sure never man was planted in a court who was fitter for that foil, or brought better qualities with him to purify that air. Yet his memory must not be flattered, that his virtues and good inclirations may be believed he was not without fome alloy of vice, and without being clouded by great infirmities, which he had in too exorbitant a proportion. He indulged to himself the pleafures of all kinds, almoft in all exceffes. He died exceedingly lamented by men of all qualities, &c."

HERBERT (THOMAS), an eminent perfon of the fame family, was born at York, where his grand-father was an alderman, and admitted of Jefus-college, Oxford, in 1621 [D]: but before he took a degree, removed to Trinity-college in Cambridge. He made a fhort stay there, and then went to wait upon William earl of Pembroke, recorded in the preceding article; who owning him for his kinfman, and intending his advancement, sent him in 1626 to travel, with an allowance to bear his charge. He spent four years in vifiting Afia and Africa; and then returning, waited on his patron at Baynard's-caftle in London. The earl dying fuddenly, his expectations of preferment were at an end; upon which he left England a fecond time, and visited feveral parts of Europe. After his return he married, and now being fettled, gave himself up to reading and writing. In 1634, he published in folio, "A Relation of fome Years Travels into Africa and the great Afia, efpecially the Territories of the Perfian Monarchy, and fome Parts of the Oriental Indies, and Ifles adjacent." The edition of 1677 is the fourth, and has feveral additions. This work was tranflated by Wiquefort into French, with " An Account of the Revolutions of Siam in 1647, Paris, 1663," in 4to. All the impreffions of Herbert's book are in folio, and adorned with cuts.

Upon the breaking out of the civil wars, he adhered to the parliament; and, by the endeavours of Philip earl of Pembroke, became not only one of the commiffioners of parliament to refide in the army of fir Thomas Fairfax, but a commiffioner alfo to treat with thofe of the king's party for the furrender of the garrifon at Oxford. He afterwards attended that earl, especially in Jan. 1646, when he, with other commiffioners, was fent from the parliament to the king at Newcastle about peace, and to bring his majesty nearer London. While the king was at [+] Ath. Oxon. Vol. II.

Oldenby,

Oldenby, the parliament commiffioners, pursuant to inftructions, addreffed themselves to his majefty, and defired him to difmifs fuch of his fervants as were there and had waited on him at Oxford: which his majesty with great reluctance confented to do. He had taken notice in the mean time of Mr. James Harrington, the author of the "Oceana," and Mr. Thomas Herbert, who had followed the court from Newcastle; and being certified of their fobriety and education, was willing to receive them as grooms of his bedchamber with the others that were left him; which the commiffioners approving, they were that night admitted. Being thus fettled in that honourable office, and in good esteem with his majefty, Herbert continued with him when all the rest of the chamber were removed; even till his majefty was brought to the block. The king, though he found him, fays Wood, to be prefbyterianly affected; yet withal found him very obfervant and loving, and therefore entrufted him with many matters of moment. At the restoration he was made a baronet by Charles II. "for faithfully ferving his royal father during the two laft years of his life;" as the letters patent for that purpose expreffed. He died at his house in York, March 1, 1681-2.

Befides the travels already mentioned, he was the author of other things. He wrote in 1678, He wrote in 1678, "Threnodia Carolina, containing an historical Account of the two laft Years of the Life of King Charles I." and the occafion of it was this. The parliament having a little before taken into confideration the appointing of 70,000l. for the funeral of that king, and for a monument to be erected over his grave, fir William Dugdale, then garter king of arms, fent to our author, living at York, to know of him, whether the king had ever fpoke in his hearing, where his body should be interred. To this fir Thomas Herbert returned a large anfwer, with many obfervations concerning his majesty; which fir William Dugdale being pleased with, defired him by another letter, to write a treatife of the actions and fayings of the king, from his first confinement to his death: and accordingly he did fo. He wrote alfo an account of the laft days of that king, which was publifhed by Wood in the 2d volume of his "Athenæ Oxonienfes." At the defire of his friend John de Laet of Leyden, he tranflated fome books of his "India Occidentalis:" he affifted alfo fir William Dugdale, in compiling the third volume of his "Monafticon Anglicanum." A little before his death, he gave feveral MSS. to the public library at Oxford, and others to that belonging to the cathedral at York; and in the Ashmolean Mufeum at Oxford, there are feveral collections of his, which he made from the registers of the archbishops of York, given to that repofitory by fir William Dugdale.

HERBINIUS (JOHN), a native of Bitschen in Silefia, deputed by the Polish proteftant churches to thofe of Germany, Holland, &c. in 1664. This employment leading him to travel, he took the opportunity of examining fuch matters as interested his curiofity, particularly cataracts and water-falls, wherever they were to be found. Several of his publications were on these subjects; as, 1. "De Admirandis Mundi Cataractis," &c. 4to, Amfterdam, 1678.2. " Kiovia fubterranea." "Terræ motus et quietis examen." He wrote alfo, 4. 3. "De ftatu Ecclefiarium Auguftanæ confeffionis in Polonia," 4to, 1670. 5. Tragicocomoedia, et Ludi innocui de Juliano Imperatore Apoftata," &c. He died in 1676, at the age of 44 years only.

HERITIER (NICOLAS L'), a French poet of the laft century. He was nephew to du Vair, a celebrated keeper of the feals. His original profeffion was military, but being difabled by a wound from actual service, he bought the place of treafurer to the French guards. He was afterwards appointed hiftoriographer of France, and died in 1680. He wrote only two tragedies, of no great merit, "Hercule furieux," and "Clavis," and a few fugitive poems, fome of which have a degree of elevation, particularly the "Portrait d'Amaranthe."

HERITIER (MARIE JEANNE L'), de Villandon, was a daughter of the preceding, and born at Paris, in 1664. She inherited a taste and talent for poetry, and was efteemed alfo for the sweetness of her manners, and the dignity of her sentiments. The academy of the "Jeux Floraux," received her as a member in 1696, and that of the "Ricovrati," at Padua in 1697. She died at Paris in 1734. Her works are various, in profe and verse, 1. "A Translation of Ovid's Epiftles," fixteen of them in verfe. 2. La Tour ténébreuse," an English tale. 3. "Les Caprices du Deftin," another novel. "L'avare puni," a novel in verfe; with a few poems of an elegiac or complimentary nature,

4.

HERMAN (PAUL), a celebrated botanist of the 17th century, and a native of Halle in Saxony. He practised as a phyfician in the Dutch fettlements at Ceylon, and afterwards be came profeffor of botany at Leyden. He died in 1695. His principal works are, 1. "A Catalogue of the Plants in the public garden at Leyden," 8vo, 1687. 2. "Cynofura Materia Medicæ," 2 vols. 4to. 3. "Lugduno-Batava Flores," 1690. 4. “Paradifus Patavus," 1705. 5. "Museum Zeylanicum,'

HERMANN (JAMES), a mathematician of Bâle, a friend of Leibnitz, and much known throughout Europe, most parts of which he vifited. He was firft mathematical profeffor at Padua; from 1724 to 1727, he was with the czar Peter I. affifting him in forming an academy; afterwards profeffor of morality at

Bâle,

Bâle, where he died in 1733, at the age of 55. His works are various, on fubjects of pure and mixed mathematics.

HERMANŤ (GODEFROI), a learned and pious doctor of the Sorbonne, and a voluminous author, was born at Beauvais, in 1617, and displayed early propenfities for learning. Potier bifhop and earl of Beauvais fent him to the various colleges of Paris for education. He obtained a canonry of Beauvais, was rector of the university of Paris in 1646, and died in 1690, after being excluded from his canonry and the Sorbonne for fome ecclefiaftical difpute. Hermant had the virtues and defects of a reclufe ftudent, and was much efteemed for his talents and piety, by Tillemont and others of the folitaries at Port Royal. His ftyle was noble and majestic, but fometimes rather inflated. His works are numerous: 1. "The Life of St. Athanafius," 2 vols. 4to. 2. Thofe of "St. Bafil and Gregory Nazianzen," of the fame extent. 3. "The Life of St. Chryfoftom," written under the name of Menart. And 4. That of "St. Ambrofe," both in 4to. 5. A tranflation of some tracts from St. Chryfoftom. 6. Another from St. Bafil. 7. Several polemical writings against the Jefuits, who therefore became his mortal enemies, and contrived to interfere with his monumental honours after death, by preventing the infcription of a very commendatory epitaph. 8. "A Defence of the Church against Labadie. 9. Index Univerfalis totius juris Ecclefiaftici,' folio. 10. Difcours Chrétien fur l'etabliffement du Bureau des pauvres de Beauvais," 1653. A life of him has been pub

lifhed by Baillet.

HERMAS Paftor, or Hermas commonly called the Shepherd, was an ancient father of the church, and is generally fuppofed to have been the fame whom St. Paul mentions in Rom. xvi. 14. He is ranked amongst those who are called Apoftolical Fathers, from his having lived in the times of the Apoftles: but who he was, what he did, and what he fufferctl, for the fake of Christianity, are all in a great measure, if not altogether, unknown to us. He seems to have belonged to the church at Rome, when Clement was bishop of it; that is, according to Dodwell, from the year 64 or 65 to the year 81 [E]. This circumftance we are able to collect from his "Second Vifion," of which, he tells us, he was commanded to communicate a copy to Clement. What his condition was before his converfion, we know not; but that he was a man of fome confideration, we may conclude from what we read in his "Third Vision;" where he owns himself to have been formerly unprofitable to the Lord, upon the account of thofe riches, which afterwards he feems to have dispensed in works of charity and beneficence. What he did after his conversion we

[x] Cave's Hift. Liter. Vol. I. p. 30.

may

have no account; but that he lived a very ftrict life we may reafonably conjecture, fince he is faid to have had several extraordinary revelations vouchfafed to him, and to have been employed in feveral meffages to the church, both to correct their manners, and to warn them of the trials that were about to come upon them. His death, if we may believe the "Roman Martyrology," was conformable to his life; where we read, that being "illuftrious for his miracles, he at laft offered himself a worthy facrifice unto God." But upon what grounds this account is eftablished, Baronius himself could not tell us; infomuch that in his "Annals" he durft not once mention the manner of his death, but is content to fay, that "having undergone many labours and troubles in the time of the perfecution under Aurelius, (and that too without any authority) he at last rested in the Lord July the 26th, which is therefore obferved in commemoration of him [F]." And here we may observe a very pleasant mistake, and altogether worthy of the Roman Martyrology." For Hermas, from a book of which we shall speak immediately, being fometimes called by the title of "Paftor, or Shepherd [G]," the martyrologift has very gravely divided the 'good man into two faints: and they obferve the memorial of Hermas May the 9th, and of Paftor July the 26th.

The book juft mentioned, and for which chiefly we have given Hermas a place in this work, is, as we have obferved, entitled, "The Shepherd;" and is the only remains of this father. Ancients and moderns are not a little divided in their judgements of this book [H]. Some there are, and those nearest to the time when it was written, who put it almost upon a level with the canonical Scriptures. Irenæus quotes it under the very name of Scripture. Origen, though he fometimes moderates his opinion of it, upon the account of those who did not think it canonical, yet in his "Comments on the Epiftle to the Romans," gives this character of it, that "he thought it to be a moft ufeful writing, and was, as he believed, divinely infpired [1].” Eufebius tells us, that "though being doubted by fome, it was not esteemed canonical, yet it was by others judged a moft neceffary book, and as fuch read publicly in the churches:" and St. Jerome, having in like manner observed that it was read in fome churches,' inakes this remarks upon it, that it "was indeed a very profitable book [K]." And yet after all we find this fame book, not only doubted of by others among the ancient fathers, but flighted even by fome of those who had elsewhere spoken well of it. Thus Jerome in his "Comments [L]," expofes the abfurdity of

[F] Baron. Annal. Eccl. ad ann. 164. G Martyrolog. Rom. ad Maij ix. &

Jul. xxvi.

[H] Lib. iv. Adverf. Hæref,

[1] Hift. Ecclef. 1. iii. c. 3.

Catalog. Script. Ecclef.

[L] In Habac. i. 14.

that