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which continued to 1598. The duke of Mayenne, chief of the leaguers, had fubmitted in 1596, and the duke of Mercour in 1598, after which period his kingdom enjoyed peace, with hardly any interruption, till his death. Beloved as Henry was in general for his many virtues, and his very conciliating manners, the fanatics never could pardon his former attachment to the proteftant caufe, and almost every year produced fome attempt upon his life. One, at length, named Ravaillac, to the great misfortune of France, fucceeded in his enterprife, and gave him, on May 14, 1610, a wound which proved fatal. He died in the 57th year of his age, and the 22d of his reign. His first marriage with Margaret of Valois, had been annulled, and he married afterwards Mary of Medicis, by whom he left three fons and three daughters. There is, perhaps, no prince recorded in history, of whom fo many anecdotes are extant, as of Henry IV. Moft of them tend to difplay a fingular liveliness and generofity of character, with a goodness of heart, which endeared his memory to his countrymen in the strongest manner, till they imbibed an indifcriminating antipathy against all monarchs. "My with is," faid he, "that every peafant in my kingdom fhould have a fowl in the pot on Sundays;" an expreffion which well illuftrates the benevolence of his difpofition. It is ftill more proved by what he said to his excellent and juftlyfavoured minifter, Sully, when he was dangerously ill in 1598. "My friend, I have no fear of death; you have seen me brave it in a thousand instances; but I regret lofing my life before I have been able, by governing my fubjects well, and alleviating all their burthens, to demonftrate to them that I love them as my own children." His actions were conformable to thefe expreffions, and he was continually employed in plans to make his people flourishing and happy. A violent turn for gallantry, and fome particular amours, to which he devoted himself too much, are the chief faults imputed to this prince, whofe virtues, actions, and character, have given occafion to the only able attempt towards an epic poem that his country has produced, the Henriade of Voltaire. It is impoffible even for foreigners to read the his tory of Henry IV. without much intereft; no wonder, therefore, that his countrymen have loved fo much to dwell upon it.

HENRY (PHILIP), one of the fathers of Nonconformity[F], or, as he was called by fome of his admirers," the good, the heavenly Mr. Henry," was born at Whitehall, in 1631: his fa-, ther, John Henry, was page of the back-ftairs to the king's fecond fon, James duke of York. About twelve years old he was admitted into Westminster-fchool, under Mr. Thomas Vincent, then ufher; very diligent in his business, but who grieved

[7] The life of Mr. Philip Henry, by Matthew Henry, 1765.

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fo much at the dulnefs of many of his fcholars, that he fell into a confumption, and was faid to be "killed with falfe Latin." In the regular time, he was taken into the upper fchool under Dr. Bufby, with whom he was a great favourite; and was employed by him, with fome others, in collecting materials for that excellent Greek grammar which he afterwards publifhed. Soon after the civil wars broke out, there was a daily morning lecture, set up at the abbey church, by the affembly of divines. His pious mother requested Dr. Bufby to give her fon leave to attend this, and likewife took him with her every Thursday to Mr. Cafe's lecture, at St. Martin's: fhe took him alfo to the monthly fafts at St. Margaret's, where the houfe of commons attended; and where the fervice was carried on with great ftrictness and folemnity, from eight in the morning till four in the evening: in thefe, as he himself has curioufly expreffed it, he had often "fweet meltings of foul."

He was elected from Weftminster to Chrift-church Oxford, where he was admitted a ftudent in 1648, and vigorously applied himself to the proper ftudies of the place. When he had completed his master's degree, he was entertained in the family of judge Pulefton, at Emeral in Flintshire, to take the care of his fons, and to preach at Worthenbury. He was ordained to the work of the miniftry in this place in 1657, according to the known directory of the affembly of divines, and the common ufage of the prefbyterians. He foon after married the only daughter and heiress of Mr. Daniel Mathews, of Broad-oak, near Whitchurch, by whom he became poffeffed of a competent estate. When the king and epifcopacy were reftored, he refused to conform; was ejected, and retired with his family to Broadoak. Here, and in this neighbourhood, he spent the remainder of his life, about twenty-eight years; relieving the poor, employing the industrious, inftructing the ignorant, and exercifing every opportunity of doing good. His moderation in his nonconformity was eminent and exemplary; and upon all occafions he bore testimony against uncharitable and fchifmatical feparation. In church-government, he defired and wifhed for apb. Ufher's reduction of epifcopacy. He thought it lawful to join in the common-prayer in the public affemblies; which, during the time of his filence and restraint, he conftantly attended with his family, with reverence and devotion.

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Upon the whole, his character feems to have been highly exemplary and praife-worthy and it may be asked, as Dr. Busby afked him, "What made him a nonconformift?" The reafon which he principally infifted on was, that he could not fubmit to be re-ordained. He was fo well fatisfied with his call to the miniftry, and folemn ordination to it, by the laying on the hands of the prefbytery, that he durft not do that which looked

like a renunciation of it as null and finful, and would at least be a tacit invalidating and condemning of all his adminiftrations. Defpairing to fee an accommodation, he kept a meeting at Broad-oak, and preached to a congregation in a barn.

HENRY (MATTHEW), an eminent diffenting teacher [G], and a voluminous writer, was the fon of the foregoing, and born in 1662. He continued under his father's eye and care till about eighteen; and had the greatest advantages of his education from him, both in divine and human literature. He was very expert in the learned languages, efpecially in the Hebrew, which had been made familiar to him from his childhood; and from first to laft, the ftudy of the fcriptures was his most delightful employment. For further improvement, he was placed in 1680 at an academy at Iflington. He was afterwards entered in Gray'sinn, for the study of the law; where he went on with his usual diligence, and became acquainted with the civil law, and the mu nicipal law of his own country. His proficiency was foon obferved; and it was the opinion of those who knew him, that his great industry, quick apprehenfion, tenacious memory, and ready utterance, would render him very eminent in that profeffion. But he adhered to his firft refolution of making divinity his study and business, and attended the most celebrated preachers in town; and, as an inftance of his judgement was beft pleased with Dr. Stillingfleet for his ferious practical preaching; and with Dr. Tillotfon, for his admirable fermons against popery, at his lectures at St. Lawrence Jewry. In 1686, he returned into the country, and preached feveral times as a candidate for the miniftry with fuch fuccefs and approbation, that the congregation at Chelter invited him to be their paftor. To this place he was ordained in 1687, where he lived about twenty-five years. He had feveral calls from London, which he conftantly declined; but was at laft prevailed on to accept a very important and unanimous one from Hackney. He died in 1714, at Nantwich, of an apoplectic fit, upon a journey, and was interred at Trinity-church in Chefter.

He was univerfally lamented; every pulpit of the Diffenters gave notice of the great breach that was made in their church; every fermon was a funeral fermon for Mr. Henry. The writings he publifhed, befides feveral fingle fermons, are, 1. "A Difcourfe concerning the Nature of Schifm, 1689." 2. "The Life of Mr. Philip Henry, 1696." 3. "A Scripture Catechifm, 1702. 4. " Family Hymns, 1702." 5: "The Communicant's Companion, 1704." 6. "Four Difcourfes against Vice and Immorality, 1705." 7. "A Method for Prayer, 1710." 8. "Directions for daily Communion with God, 1712,” 9. "Expofitions of the Bible," 5 vols. folio.

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[c] Life of Malt. Henry, by W. Tong, 1716,

HENRY

HENRY (ROBERT), author of a hiftory of England on new plan, which has been generally and highly approved, was the fon of James Henry, a farmer, at Muirtown in the parish of St. Ninian's, Scotland, and of Jean Galloway his wife, of Stirlingfhire [H]. He was born on Feb. 18, 1718; and, having early refolved to devote himfelf to a litetrary profeffion, was educated firft under a Mr. John Nicholson, at the parifh fchool of St. Ninian's, and for fome time at the grammar school at Stirling. He completed his academical studies at the university of Edinburgh, and afterwards became master of the grammar fchool of Annan. He was licensed to preach on the 27th of March, 1746, and was the firft licentiate of the prefbytery of Annan, after its erection into a separate prefbytery. Soon after he received a call from a congregation of prefbyterian diffenters at Carlifle, where he was ordained in November, 1748. In this ftation he remained twelve years, and, on the 13th of Auguft, 1760, became paftor of a diffenting congregation in Berwick upon Tweed. Here, in 1763, he married the daughter of Mr. Balderston, a furgeon, and though he had no children, enjoyed to the end of his life a large fhare of domeftic happiness. In 1768, he was removed from Berwick, to be one of the minifters of Edinburgh, and was minister of the church of the New Grey Friars, from that time till November, 1776. He then became colleagueminister in the old church, and in that ftation remained till his death, which happened in November, 1790. The degree of Doctor in Divinity was conferred on him by the university of Edinburgh, in 1770; and in 1774, he was unanimously chofen moderator of the general affembly of the church of Scotland, and is the only perfon on record who obtained that distinction the first time he was a member of the affembly.

It is thought to have been about 1763, that Dr. Henry first conceived the idea of his hiftory of Great Britain; the plan of which is indifputably his own. In every period it arranges, under seven diftinct heads, or chapters, 1. The civil and military history of Great Britain; 2. The history of religion; 3. The hiftory of our conftitution, government, laws, and courts of juftice; 4. The hiftory of learning, of learned men, and of the chief feminaries of learning; 5. The hiftory of arts; 6. The hiftory of commerce, Thipping, money, &c.; and 7. The hiftory of manners, customs, &c. Under thefe heads, which extend the province of an hiftorian. greatly beyond its ufual limits, and compel him to attend to all thefe points uniformly and regularly, every thing curious or interefting in the hiftory of any country may be comprehended. The first volume of his hiftory, in quarto, was published in 1771, the second in 1774, the third in 1777, the fourth in 1781,

[u] Life of Dr. Henry, prefixed to Vol. VI. 4to, of his history.

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and the fifth, (which brings down the history to the acceffion of Henry VII.) in 1785. The fixth volume, a pofthumous work, the greater part of which he had prepared for publication before his death, appeared in 1793. Dr. Henry published his volumes originally at his own rifk, and fuffered for fome time from the malignity of unfair attacks from his own country. The English critics were more liberal, and very early allowed to his work that merit which has fince been univerfally acknowledged. In 1786, when an octavo edition was intended, Dr. Henry conveyed the property to meffrs. Cadell and Strahan, for the fum of 1000l. referving to himself what remained unfold of the quarto edition. His profits on the whole, including this fum, he found to amount to 3,300l. a ftrong proof of the intrinfic merit of the work. The profecution of this history had been his favourite object for almost thirty years of his life. He had naturally a found conftitution, with a more equal and a larger portion of animal fpirits than is commonly poffeffed by literary men. From the year 1789, his bodily ftrength was fenfibly impaired, yet he perfifted fteadily in preparing his fixth volume.

Henry was naturally fond of fociety, and few men enjoyed it more perfectly, or were capable of contributing fo much to the pleasures of fociety. Though his literary pursuits might have been supposed to have given him fufficient employment, he always found time for focial conversation, for the offices of friendship, and for objects of public utility. Of the public focieties in Edinburgh he was always one of the most ufeful and indefatigable members; and he conversed with the ardour, and even the gaiety of youth, long after his bodily strength had yielded to the infirmities of age. His library he left to the magistrates of Linlithgow, &c. under fuch regulations as he conceived would tend to form a library calculated to diffuse knowledge and literature in the country. Both as a man, and as an author, he has left a character which will, and ought to be esteemed.

HENRY (DAVID), a writer in the Gentleman's Magazine, and an active manager in the conduct of that publication for more than half a century, was born in December, 1710, and educated as a printer. He found an early friend in Mr. Cave of St. John's Gate, whofe fifter he married in 1736. Mr. Henry publifhed, I. in 1772, "The complete English Farmer, or a practical Syftem of Hufbandry," but without a name. This was the refult of his attention to a confiderable farm which he occupied at Beckenham. 2. "An hiftorical Account of all the Voyages round the World," 4 vols. 8vo, 1774. 3. Several smaller works, containing defcriptions of the curiofities of Lon

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