of defigning was dry. He died in 1574, at 76 years of age having lived much longer than has been thought ufual for painters. HEMMERLIN or MALLEOLUS (FELIX), a canon of Zurich in 1428. He was put in prifon for fome political offence. Two works of his in folio, and in black letter, are much fought by fome collectors of curiofities, one is 1. "Opufcula varia; fcilicet. de Nobilitate et rufticitate dialogus," &c. "Variæ oblectationis opufcula; nempe contra validos mendicantes contra Beghardos et Beghinos," &c. They are written with a coarse kind of humour. 2. HEMSTERHUIS (TIBERIUS), or Hemfterhufius, one of the most famous critics of his country, the son of Francis Hemfterhuis, a phyfician, was born at Groningen, Feb. 1, 1685. After obtaining the rudiments of literature from proper mafters, and from his father, he became a member of his native univerfity in his fourteenth year, 1598. He there ftudied for fome years, and then removed to Leyden, for the fake of attending the lectures of the famous James Perizonius. He was here fo much noticed by the governors of the univerfity, that it was expected he would fucceed James Gronovius as profeffor of Greek. Havercamp, however, on the vacancy was appointed, through the intrigues, as Ruhnkenius afferts, of some who feared they might be eclipfed by young Hemfterhuis; who in 1705, at the age of 19, was called to Amfterdam, and appointed profeffor of mathematics and philofophy. In the former of these branches he had been a favourite fcholar of the famous John Bernouilli. In 1717, he removed to Franeker, on being chofen to fucceed Lambert Bos as profeffor of Greek; to which place, in 1738, was added the profefforfhip of hiftory. In 1740 he removed to Leyden to accept the fame two profefforfhips in that university, It appears that he was married, because his father-in-law, J. Wild, is mentioned. He died in 1766, having enjoyed to the laft the ufe of all his faculties. He published, 1. "The three taft books of Julius Pollux's Onomafticon," to complete the edition of which, feven books had been finished by Lederlin. This appeared at Amfterdam in 1706. On the appearance of this work, he received a letter from Bentley, highly praising him for the fervice he had there rendered to his author. But this very letter was nearly the cause of driving him entirely from the ftudy of Greek criticifm: for in it Bentley tranfmitted his own conjectures on the true readings of the paffages cited by Pollux from comic writers, with particular view to the restoration of the metre. Hemfterhuis had himself attempted the fame, but when he read the criticisms of Bentley, and faw their aftonishing juftness, and acutenefs, he was fo hurt at the inferiority of his own, that he refolved, for the time, never again to open a Greek book. In a month or two this timidity went off, and he returned returned to these studies with redoubled vigour, determined to take Bentley for his model, and to qualify himself, if poffible, to rival one whom he fo greatly admired. 2. "Select Colloquies of Lucian, and his Timon." Amft. 1708. 3. "The Plutus of Ariftophanes, with the Scholia," various readings and notes, Harlingen, 8vo. 1744. 4. " Part of an edition of Lucian," as far as the 521ft page of the first volume; it appeared in 1743 in three volumes quarto. The extreme flowness of his proceeding is much complained of by Gefner and others, and was the reafon why he made no further progrefs. 5. "Notes and emendations on Xenophon Ephefius," inferted in the 3—6 volumes of the Mifcellanea Critica of Amfterdam, with the fignature T. S. H. S. 6. "Some obfervations upon Chryfoftom's Ho mily on the Epistle to Philemon," fubjoined to Raphelius's Annotations on the New Teftament. 7. "Inaugural Speeches on Various Occafions." 8. "There are alfo letters from him to J. Matth. Gefner and others," and he gave confiderable aid to J. St. Bernard, in publishing the "Ecloga Thomæ Magiftri," at Leyden, in 1757 [u]. Ruhnkenius holds up Hemfterhufius as a model of a perfect critic [x], and indeed, according to his account, the extent and variety of his knowledge, and the acutenefs of his judgment were very extraordinary. HENAULT (JOHN D'), a French poet, was the fon of a baker at Paris, and at first a receiver of the taxes at Fores. Then he travelled into Holland and England, and was employed by the fuperintendant Fouquet, who was his patron. After his return to France, he foon became diftinguished as one of the finest geniuses of his age; and gained a prodigious reputation by his poetry. His fonnet on the mifcarriage of Mad. de Guerchi is looked upon as a master-piece, though it is not written according to the rules of art, and though there happened to be a barbarism in it. He also wrote a fatirical poem against the minifter Colbert, which is reckoned by Boileau among his best pieces. This was written, by way of revenging the difgrace and ruin of his patron Fouquet, which Henault afcribed to Colbert: yet the minister did not act upon this occafion as Richelieu would have done, but with more good fenfe and generofity [x]. Being told of this fonnet, which made a great noise, he asked, "Whether there were any satirical strokes in it against the king?" and being informed there was not, "Then," faid he, "I fhall not mind it, nor fhew the leaft refentment against the author." Henault was a man who loved to refine on pleafures, and to debauch with art and delicacy and fo far, confidering him as a poet, fome allowances might be made. But [u] Vriemot Athenæ Frifiaca. [x] Ruhnkenii Elogium. Tib, Hemsterhufii. See Art. Grandier. he he was ftrangely wrongheaded in one respect; for he profeffed atheism, and gloried in it with uncommon affectation. He went to Holland, on purpose to vifit Spinoza, who nevertheless did not much efteem him. Spinoza confidered him probably as one of those fashionable gentry, with which every country abounds, who are ready to take up fingularities in religion, not from rational conviction, but from a profligate spirit of vain-glory: and on this account might be led to despise the man, whatever he might determine of his opinions. Spinoza did not mistake him, if he confidered him in this light; for when fickness and death came to ftare him in the face, things took a very different turn. Henault then became a convert, and was for carrying matters to the other extreme; for his confeffor was forced to prevent his receiving the Viaticum or Sacrament, with a halter about his neck, in the middle of his bed-chamber. This is not unfrequently the cafe: men believe or difbelieve, have religion or none, without ever confulting reafon, but just as conftitution and humour direct; and fo it is, that they ufually behave ridi culously in whichever state we view them. He died in 1682. He had printed at Paris, 1670, in 1'2mo. a small collection of his works, under the title of "Oeuvres Diverses," or "Mifcellanies:" containing fonnets, and letters in verfe and profe to Sappho, who was probably the celebrated madam des Houlieres, to whom he had the honour to be preceptor. Among thefe is the following imitation from this paffage in the fecond act of Seneca's Thyeftes : "Illi mors gravis incubat, Qui notus nimis omnibus, "Heureux eft l'inconnu, qui s'eft bien fù connoître Mais helas! que la mort fait une horreur extrême : Et trop peu connu de foy-même !" That is, " Happy is the obfcure man, who is well known tơ himself he fees no more harm in dying, than in being born: he leaves the world as he came into it. But alas! how extremely horrible must death be to that man, who dies too much known to others, and too little to himself!" This fhews the philofopher as well as the poet, and is equally distant from atheism and fuperftition: "O, fi fic omnia."-Henault had tranflated three books of Lucretius: but his confeffor having raised in him fcruples and fears, he burnt this work, fo that there remains nothing of it, but the firft 100 lines, which had been copied by his friends. Voltaire fays, that "he would have have gained great reputation, had these books that were loft been preferved, and been equal to what we have of this work." HENAULT (CHARLES JOHN FRANCIS), was born at Paris, Feb. 8, 1685. His great grandfather, Remi Henault, ufed to be of Lewis XIII's party at tennis, and that prince called him "The Baron," becaufe of a fief which he poffeffed near Triel. He had three fons, officers of horfe, who were all killed at the fiege of Cafal. John Remi, his father, an esquire, and lord of Mouffy, counsellor to the king, and secretary to the council, kept up the honour of the family, and becoming farmer-general, made his fortune. He was honoured with the confidence of the count de Pontchartrain; and, being of a poetical turn, had fome fhare in the criticisms which appeared against Racine's tragedies. He married the daughter of a rich merchant at Calais, and one of her brothers being prefident of that town, entertained the queen of England, on her landing there in 1689. Another brother, counfellor in the parliament of Metz, and fecretary to the duke of Berry, was affociated with Mr. Crozat in the armaments, and, dying unmarried, left a great fortune to his fifter. Young Henault early discovered a sprightly, benevolent difpofition, and his penetration and aptnefs foon diftinguished itfelf by the fuccefs of his ftudies. Claude de Lifle, father of the celebrated geographer, gave him the fame leffons in geography and history which he had before given to the duke of Orleans, afterwards regent. Thefe inftructions have been printed in feven volumes, under the title of "Abridgment of Univerfal History." On quitting college, Henault entered the congregation of the oratory, where he foon attached himself to the study of eloquence: and, on the death of the Abbé Rene, reformer of La Trappe, he undertook to pronounce his panegyric, which not meeting the approbation of father Maffilon, he quitted the oratory after two years, and his father bought for him, of marfhal Villeroi, the lieutenance des chaffes, and the government of Corbeil. At the marshal's he formed connections and even intimate friendships with many of the nobility, and paffed the early part of his life in agreeable amusements, and in the livelieft company, without having his religious sentiments tainted. He affociated with the wits till the difpute between Rouffeau and De la Motte foon gave him a difguft for these trifling focieties. In 1707, he gained the prize of eloquence at the French Academy, and another next year, at the Academy des jeux Floraux. About this time, M. Reaumúr, who was his relation, came to Paris, and took leffons in geometry under the fame master, Guinée. Henault introduced him to the Abbé Bignon, and this was the first step of his illuftrious course. In 1713, he brought a tragedy on the stage, under under the disguised name of Fufelier. As he was known to the public only by fome flighter pieces, "Cornelia the Veftal" met with no better fuccefs. He therefore locked it up, without print ing. In his old age his paffion for thefe fubjects revived, and Mr. Horace Walpole being at Paris in 1768, and having formed a friendship with him as one of the amiable men of his nation, obtained this piece, and had it printed at his prefs at Strawberryhill, from whence a beautiful edition of Lucan had before iffued. In 1751, Mr. Henault, under a borrowed name, brought out a fecond tragedy, entitled "Marius," which was well received and printed. The French biographers, however, doubt whether this was not really by M. Caux, whose name it bore. He had been admitted counsellor in parliament in 1706, with a difpenfation on account of age, and in 1710, prefident of the first chamber of inquefts. These important places, which he determined to fill in a becoming manner, engaged him in the moft folid ftudies. The excellent work of Mr. Domat charmed him, and made him eager to go back to the fountain head. He spent several years in making himself master of the Roman law, the ordonances of the French king, their customs, and public law. M. de Morville, procureur-general of the great council, being appointed ambaffador to the Hague in 1718, engaged Henault to accompany him. His perfonal merit foon introduced him to the acquaintance of the most eminent perfonages at that time there. The grand penfionary, Heinfius, who, under the exterior of Lacedemonian fimplicity, kept up all the haughtinefs of that people, loft with him all that hauteur which France itself had experienced from him in the negociations for the treaty of Utrecht. The agitation which all France felt by Law's fyftem, and the confequent fending of the parliament into exile, was a trial to the wife policy of the prefident Henault. His friendship for the first prefident, De Mesmes, led him to fecond all the views of that great magiftrate: he took part in all the negociations, and was animated purely by the public good, without any private advantage. On the death of the cardinal du Bois, in 1723, he fucceeded in his place at the French Academy. Cardinal Fleury recommended him to fucceed himself as director, and he pronounced the eloge of M. de Malezieux. History was his favourite study; not a bare collection of dates, but a knowledge of the laws and manners of nations; to obtain which he drew inftruction from private converfations, a method he fo ftrongly recommends in his preface. After having thus difcuffed the most important points of public law, he undertook to collect and publifh the refult of his inquiries, and he is de fervedly |