from Burleigh to complete the whole bench. Nor did his zeal for the established ecclesiastical purity display itself with less warmth of opposing the election this year of Mr Walter Travers to the mastership of the temple, and in advising a restraint to be laid upon the press at Cambridge. Several petitions being offered to this parliament in favour of the Puritans, for receiving their new platform and book of public prayer, as also against pluralities and the court of faculties, the archbishop answered them, and presented his answer to the queen in person. He sent notes also upon them to Lord Burleigh, December 26. However, being made sensible of the justness of a complaint against the excessive fees taken in spiritual courts, he set about drawing up a new state of those fees, according to ancient custom, and at the same time prevailed with the queen not to give her assent to some bills that had passed both houses, which affected the present good estate of the clergy; namely, one giving liberty to marry at all times; another for the trial of ministers' sufficiency by twelve laymen, and such like. This last was a precedent for a like act passed and rigidly executed against the Royalists during the rebellion and usurpation of Cromwell.

In the same parliament he procured an act for the better foundation and relief of the poor of the hospital of Eastbridge in Canterbury; and, before the year was expired, he found means to put a stop to a commission that was then upon the anvil for a melius inquirendum. In 1585, by special orders from the queen, he drew up rules for regulating the press; which were confirmed and set forth by the authority of the star-chan ber, June 23d. In all his transactions for uniformity, he had constantly both the commission and countenance of the queen, as well as the general concurrence of Burleigh, Leicester, and Walsingham. Yet in his proceedings with the Nonconformists his grace had received sometimes, even from these his friends, very hard words. Upon which account, about this time, he joined himself in a more close friendship with Sir Christopher Hutton, then vice-chamberlain to the queen, to whom he now (July 16. opened his mind, and complained of the other's usage of him. The earl of Leicester particularly, not content with having made Cartwright. raaster of his hospital newly built at Warwick, attempted by a most artful address to procure a licence for him to preach without the subscription; but the archbishop peremptorily refused to comply. Presently after this, the same earl applied to him to declare his judgment about

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the queen's aiding the Low Countries, to which he gave a very wary answer. This was in the end of July; and before the end of August he prevented the issuing of a commission for farming out the first fruits and tenths, with a view of enhancing those payments, to the detriment of the clergy. This year he silenced Mr Travers from preaching at the Temple; notwithstanding, about the same time being called upon for his judgment in the dispute betwixt him and Hooker, he gave his opinion less in favour of the Papists than Hooker had done.

On Candlemas-day he was sworn in the privy council, and the next month framed the statutes of cathedral : churches, so as to make them comport with the Reformation. And the year was not expired, when he sent a prohibition to Cartwright, forbidding him to publish his answer to the Rhemish Bible. In 1586, his name appears among those counsellors who condemned secretary Davison for procuring the execution of Mary queen of Scots, without the consent of his sovereign; and upon the discovery of Babington's design to marry the said queen, the archbishop put forth some prayers under the title of A Form of Prayer for these dangerous Times. This year likewise he granted a licence to an Italian merchant-bookseller to import several popish books. The reason of this may be seen in the licence itself, of which the following is a copy:

"Whereas sundry books are from time to time set forth "in the parts beyond seas, by such as are addicted to the " errors of Popery, yet in many respects expedient to be "had by some of the learned in this realm, contayninge ❝ also oftentimes matter in them against the state of this "land," and slaunderous unto it, and therefore not fit "books to pass through every man's hand freely; in "consideration whereof I have tolerated Ascanio de Re"nialme, merchant-bookseller, to bring into this realme, "from the parts beyond seas, some few copies of every "such sort of books, upon this condition onlie, that any "of them be not had or dispersed abroad, but first "brought to me, or some other of her majesty's privy"council, so that they may be delivered, or directed to "be delivered furth unto such persons onlie, as by us or some of us shall be thought most meet men, upon good "considerations and purposes, to have the reading and perusal of them.

"Given at Lambeth the

day of October, 1586.

"Anno Regni Regina Eliz. 28°."

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The lord chancellor's place becoming vacant by the death of Sir Thomas Bromley, April 12, 1587, the queen made the archbishop an offer of that post, which he declined; but recommended Sir Christopher Hatton, who on the twenty-ninth of April was made lord chancellor in his Grace's palace at Croydon. The following year, 1588, he joined with lord Burleigh in restoring to his fellowship at St John's-college, at Cambridge, Mr Everard Digby, who had been expelled by Dr Whitaker the master, and some of the fellows, upon suspicion of Popery; and about the same time gave an answer to a captious syllogism, in which he was concluded by practice of popish tyranny, to endanger his majesty's safety.

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Upon the alarm of the Spanish invasion this year, he procured an order of the council to prevent the clergy from being cessed by the lord lieutenants for furnishing arms, and wrote circular letters to the bishops, to take care that their clergy should be ready with a voluntary appointment of arms, &c. This year came out a virulent pamphlet, entitled, Martyn Marprelate, in which the archbishop was severely handled in very coarse language.. The university of Oxford losing their chancellor, the earl of Leicester, this year, several of the heads and others signified to the archbishop their intention to choose him into that post. This offer, being a Cambridge man, he declined for himself, but made use of it to recommend his friend Sir Christopher Hatton, who was elected: By which means the archbishop came into a great share of the vernment of that university. In 1590, Cartwright being cited before the ecclesiastical commission for several misdemeanors, and refusing to take the oath ex officio, was sent to the Fleet prison; and the archbishop drew up a paper containing several articles, more explicitly against the Disciplinarians than the former, to be subscribed by all licensed Preachers. The next year, 1591, Cartwright was brought before the star-chamber, and upon giving bail for his quiet behaviour, was discharged at the motion of the archbishop, who this year was appointed by common consent, to be arbitrator between two men of eminent learning in a remarkable point of scripture chronology. These were Hugh Broughton, of Christ's-college in Cambridge, the greatest scholar in Hebrew and Jewish learning in those times, and Dr Reynolds, of Corpus Christi in Oxford, divinity professor there. The point in dispute Whether the chronology of the times from Adam to Christ could be ascertained by the holy scriptures ?'

was,

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The first held the affirmative, which was denied by the latter. The same year in the vacancy of the see of Sarum by the translation of Dr Piers to the archbishopric of York, our archbishop presented and instituted Mr Hooker into the living of Boscomb in Wiltshire, and to the prebend of Nether-haven, in the church of Sarum.

In 1592, he visited All-souls-college, and the following year Dr Bancroft published his Survey of Discipline, wherein he censured Beza's conduct in intermeddling with the English affairs in respect of church-government, upon which that minister complained of this usage in a letter to the archbishop, who returned a long answer, in which he not only shewed the justice of Dr Bancroft's complaint, but further also vindicated Saravia and Sutcliffe, two learned men of the English church, who had written in behalf of the order of episcopacy against Beza's doctrine of the equality of ministers of the gospel, and a ruling presbytery. In 1594, fresh complaints being made in parliament of the corruption of the ecclesiastical courts, the archbishop made a general survey of those courts and their officers; and the same year he put a stop to the passing of some new grants of concealed land belonging to the cathedrals. This year he likewise procured of the queen for Mr Hooker the good rectory of Bishops-bourne, near Canterbury. The same year he summoned the famous Hugh Broughton to give an account of some of his doctrines concerning the article of Christ's descent into hell. In 1595, when the tumults of the Disciplinarians appeared to be in a good measure appeased, there sprung up the Prædestinarian controversy, which occasioned the drawing up of the Lambeth Articles,' wherein the archbishop had the direction, and sent a copy of them to Cambridge, with a letter and private directions to teach the doctrine contained in them in that university; and praying that nothing should be publicly taught there against them, notwithstanding he was sensible at the same time, that this step was not agreeable to the queen. See page 286. Note.

This year he obtained letters patent from her majesty, and began the foundation of his hospital at Croydon. The same year he protected the hospital of Harbledown, in Kent, against an invasion of their rights and property: And the queen having made a grant to him of all the revenues belonging to the hospital of Eastbridge, in Canterbury, he found out and recovered the next year some lands wrongfully withheld from it. In 1597, the fore

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gate of his hospital at Croydon was finished, and in 1599, the whole building being completed, it was consecrated by Dr Bancroft, then bishop of London. The founding of this hospital (the largest then in the kingdom) having given rise to an invidious report of the archbishop's immense wealth and large revenues, he drew up a particular account of all his purchases since he had been bishop, with the sums given for the same, and the yearly value of the lands, and to what and whose uses, together with the yearly value of the archbishopric. The mayor of Canterbury having this year summoned the choir of that church to muster with the militia, he opposed it with great warmth.

Mr Hooker dying in November before he had published his three last books of his Ecclesiastical Polity, the archbishop made the most diligent search after the copy, and not being able to find any thing but some rough draughts of them, these, as it is said, he put into the hands of a particular friend of the Author, who at the archbishop's request finished the design.

This year, 1600, he suspended a clergyman for three years, for executing a clandestine marriage between Edward earl of Hertford and Francis Pranel. Thomas Cartwright dying this year, the archbishop had the satisfaction of finding the opinion, he had not long before given of his good inclinations towards the established constitution of the church, confirmed. After Cartwright was admitted to bail at the archbishop's motion, he always acknowledged the obligation, as appears by several letters of his to the archbishop. In one, dated March 24, 1601, he acknowledges his bond of most humble duty so much the < stricter, because his Grace's favour proceeded from a frank disposition, without any desert of his own;' and the archbishop, says Sir George Paul, hath been heard to say, that if Master Cartwright had not so far engaged himself as he did in the beginning, he thought verily in his latter time he would have been drawn to conformity; for when he was freed from his troubles, he often repaired to the archbishop, who used him kindly, and was contented to tolerate his preaching in Warwick divers years, upon his promise not to impugn the ecclesiastical establishment, but persuade and procure as much as in him lay the estimation thereof, which he performed; but when her majesty came to know of the archbishop's connivancy, she was displeased with it.' Sir Henry Yelverton assures us, that his last words on his

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