Laertius. church of God; every fermon was a funeral fermon for Mr. HERACLITUS, a famous philofopher of antiquity, and founder of a fect, was born at Ephefus, and flourished about Diogenes the 69th Olympiad, in the time of Darius Hyftafpes. He gave early figns of profound wisdom, and was of an exceedingly high fpirit. Being defired to take upon him the supreme power, he flighted it, because the city in his opinion was prepoffeffed with an ill way of governing. He retired to the temple of Diana, and played at dice there with the boys; faying to the Ephefians that ftood about him, "Worft of 66 men, what do ye wonder at? is it not better to do thus, "than to govern you?" Darius wrote to this philofopher to come and live with him; but he refused the monarch's offer, and returned the following rude and infolent answer to his letter: "All men living refrain from truth and justice, and purfue unfatiableness and vain-glory, by reafon of their folly but I, having forgot all evil, and fhunning the fo"ciety of inbred pride and envy, will never come to the "kingdom of Perfia, being contented with a little accord❝ing to my own mind." He is faid to have continually bewailed the wicked lives of men, and, as often he came among them, to have fallen a-weeping; in which, by the way, he was not near so wife as Democritus, who made the follies of men the conftant object of his laughter. At last, growing into a great hatred of mankind, he retired into the mountains, and lived there, feeding upon grafs and herbs. But this diet bringing him into a droply, he was conftrained to return to the city: where he afked the phyficians, "Whether they could of a shower make a drought?" They not understanding his enigmatical manner, which he conftantly ufed, he fhut himself up in an ox-ftall, hoping that the hydropical humours would be extracted by the warmth of the dung: which doing him no good, he died at 60 years of age. His writings gained fo great a reputation, that his followers were called Heraclitians. Laertius fpeaks of a treatise treatise upon nature, divided into three books; one concern ing the universe, the fecond politie, the third theologic. This work he depofited in the temple of Diana; and, as fome affirm, he affected to write obfcurely, that he might only be read by the more learned. It is related, that Euripides brought this book of Heraclitus to Socrates to be read; and afterwards afking his opinion of it, "The things," faid Socrates, "which I understand in it, are excellent, and fo I fuppofe are those which I understand not; but they re❝quire a Delian diver." Lett. Tomi HERALDUS (DESIDERIUS), in French Herault, a counsellor of the parliament of Paris, has given good proofs of uncommon learning by very different works. His " Ad"versaria" appeared in 1599: which little book, if the "Scaligerana" may be credited, he repented the having published. His notes on Tertullian's "Apology," on “ Mi"nutius Fœlix," and on " Arnobius," have been efteemed. He alfo wrote notes on Martial's" Epigrams." He disguised himself under the name of David Leidhrefferus, to write a political differtation on the independence of kings, fome time after the death of Henry IV. He had a controverfy with Salmafius" de jure Attico ac Romano:" but did not live to finish what he had written on that fubject. What he had done, however, was printed in 1650. He died in June 1649. Guy Patin fays, that " he was looked upon as a very "learned man, both in the civil law and in polite literature, "and wrote with great facility on any subject he pitched on." Daille, fpeaking of fuch Proteftant writers as condemned Daille, Rethe executing of Charles I. king of England, quotes the plique à "Pacifique Royal en deuil," by Herault. This author, fon Cottibi, to our Defiderius Heraldus, was a minifter in Normandy, part. ii. when he was called to the fervice of the Walloon-church of C. 21. London under Charles I. and he was fo zealous a royalift, that he was forced to fly to France, to escape the fury of the commonwealths men. He returned to England after the Reftoration, and refumed his ancient employment in the Walloon-church at London: fome time after which he obtained a canonry in the cathedral of Canterbury, and enjoyed it till his death. I. dated Nov. 3, 1649. Adam & à Hommes HERBELOT (BARTHOLOMEW D'), an eminent Orien- Niceren, talift of France, was born at Paris Dec. 14, 1625. When Illuftres, he had gone through claffical literature and philofophy, he Tom. IV. applied himself to the Oriental languages; and efpecially to the the Hebrew, for the fake of understanding the original text of the Old Teftament. After a continual application for feveral years, he took a journey to Rome, upon a persuasion that converfing with Armenians, and other Eastern people who frequented that city, would make him perfect in the knowledge of their languages. Here he was particularly ef teemed by the cardinals Barberini and Grimaldi, and contracted a firm friendship with Lucas Holftenius and Leo Allatius. Upon his return from this journey, in which he did not spend above a year and a half, Fouquet invited him to his house, and fettled on him a pension of 1500 livres. The difgrace of this minifter, which happened foon after, did not hinder Herbelot from being preferred to the place of interpreter for the Eaftern languages; becaufe, in reality, there was nobody elfe fo fit for it: for Voltaire fays, "he "was the first among the French who understood them." Some years after, he took a fecond journey into Italy, where he acquired fo great a reputation, that perfons of the highest distinction for their rank and learning folicited his acquaintance. The grand duke of Tuscany Ferdinand II. whom he had the honour to fee firft at Leghorn, gave him extraordinary marks of his esteem; had frequent converfations with him; and made him promife to vifit him at Florence. Herbelot arrived there July 2, 1666, and was received by a secretary of state, who conducted him to an houfe prepared for him, where he was entertained with great magnificence, and had a chariot kept for him, at the expence of the grand duke. Very uncommon honours indeed! But this was not all. For a library being at that time expofed to fale at Florence, the duke defired Herbelot to fee it, to examine the MSS. in the Oriental languages, and to felect and value the beft and when this was done, the generous prince made him a prefent of them; and it was undoubtedly the most acceptable present he could have made him. The diftinction, with which he was received by the duke of Tuscany, taught France to know his merit, which had hitherto been but little regarded; and he was afterwards recalled and encouraged by Colbert, who encouraged every thing that might do honour to his country. The grand duke was very unwilling to let him go, and even refused to confent, till he had feen the exprefs order of the minister for his return. When he came to France, the king often did him the honour to converfe with him, and gave him a penfion of 1500 livres. During his ftay in Italy, he began his "Bibliotheque Orientale, or Univerfal Dictionary, contain "ing whatever related to the Knowledge of the Eaftern "World;" and he finifhed it in France. This work, equally curious and profound, comprizes the fubftance of a great number of Arabic, Perfian, and Turkish books, which he had read; and informs us of an infinite number of particulars unknown before in Europe. He wrote it at first in Arabic; and Colbert had a defign to print it at the Louvre, with a fet of types caft on purpose. But after the death of that minifter, this refolution was waved; and Herbelot tranflated his work into French, in order to render it more univerfally useful. He committed it to the prefs, but had not the fatiffaction to see the impreffion finifhed: for he died Dec. 8, 1695, and it was not published till 1697. It is a large folio. What could not be inferted in this work, was digetted by him under the title of "Antologie:" but this was never published, any more than a Turkifh, Perfian, Arabian, and Latin dictionary, to which, as well to other works, he had given the last hand. He was no less converfant in the Greek and Latin learning, than in the Oriental languages and hiftory. He was indeed an univerfal fcholar; and, what was very valuable in him, his modefty was equal to his erudition, and his uncommon abilities were accompanied with the utmost probity, piety, charity, and other Chriftian virtues, which he practifed uniformly through the course of a long life. HERBERT (MARY), countefs of Pembroke, and a very Biographia illuftrious female, became wife of Henry earl of Pembroke Dramatica. in 1576, and lived in the reigns of Elizabeth and James I. She was alfo the fifter of Sir Philip Sidney; whofe "Arca"dia," from being dedicated to her, has been conftantly called the Countess of Pembroke's Arcadia." She was a great encourager of letters; a quality, fays my author, not very frequently met with among the fair: and not only an encourager in others, but a careful cultivator of them herfelf. She tranflated from the French a tragedy, called "An"nius, 1595," in 12m0. She is fuppofed to have made an exact tranflation of "David's Pfalms" into English metre; and fome Pfalms by her are printed in Harrington's "Nuge "Antiquæ, 1779," in 3 vols. 12mo. She died at her house in Alderfgate-street, London, Sept. 25, 1621. Ofborn, in his memoirs of the reign of king James, gives her this character. "She was," fays he, "that fifter of Sir Philip Sid66 ney, to whom he addreffed his Arcadia;' and of whom " he had no other advantage, than what he received from the "partial Walton's George "partial benevolence of fortune in making him a man: "(which yet fhe did, in fome judgements, recompenfe in "beauty) her pen being nothing fhort of his, as I am ready to atteft, having feen incomparable letters of her's. But, left I fhould feem to trefpafs upon truth, which few do "unfuborned, (as I proteft I am, unless by her rhetoric) "I fhall leave the world her epitaph, in which the author "doth manifeft himself a poet in all things but untruth: "Underneath this fable hearse "Sidney's fifter, Pembroke's mother. HERBERT (EDWARD), lord Herbert of Cherbury in Life of Mr. Shropshire, an eminent English writer, was defcended of a very antient family, and born, 1581, at Montgomery caftle in Wales. At the age of 14, he was entered a gentlemancommoner of Univerfity-college in Oxford, where he laid, fays Wood, the foundation of that admirable learning, of Ath, Oxon. which he was afterwards a compleat mafter. From thence he travelled abroad, and applied himself to military exercises in foreign countries, by which he became a moft accomplished gentleman. After his return he was made K. B. when prince Henry was inftalled K. G. July 2, 1603. He was afterwards one of the counfellors to king James for military affairs. Next he was fent ambaffador to Lewis XIII. of France, to mediate for the relief of the Proteftants of that realm, then befieged in feveral parts; but was recalled in July 1621, on account of a difpute between him and the conftable de Luines. Camden informs us, that he had treated the conftable irreverently, "irreverenter tractafset:” but Apparatus, Walton gives a different account, and tells us, that while he c. p. 73. continued at the court of France, he "could not fubject Camdeni Apparatus, &c. fubjoined to his Epiftolæ, &c. p. 2. Lond. 1691. in 4to. Wood, as above. Walton, &c. .263. "himself to a compliance with the humours of the duke de "Luines, who was then the great and powerful favourite "at court: fo that, upon a complaint to our king, he was "called back into England in fome difpleasure; but at his "return gave fuch an honourable account of his employment, and so juftified his comportment to the duke and all the court, that he was fuddenly fent back upon the "fame embaffy." (૬ Another |