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A TELUGIC, WARUGIC, GENTOO, or as it seems to be more recently called, TELINGAN version of the whole of the OLD and NEW TESTAMENT, and the APOCRYPHA, from the original Hebrew and Greek texts, was made by the indefatigable Schultze, and completed in 1732; but it does not appear to have been printed, notwithstanding the translator caused the version to be revised by a learned Brahmin; and both provided a Telugic press at Tranquebar, and instructed some young men for the purpose of printing it. The MS. is probably still preserved in the library of the Orphan House at Halle, in Saxony, as it appears in a catalogue of his MSS." Translations have since been made and printed by the Baptist and other missionaries. See Marsh's History of the Translations of the Scriptures, sec. 2; and Owen's History of the British and Foreign Bible Society, vol. II. pp. 9. 19; and vol. III. pp. 402-464.

In the HINDOOSTANEE dialect, a version of the NEW TESTAMENT was begun by SCHULTZE, in 1739, and finished in 1741. He also commenced a translation of the OLD TESTAMENT, but being obliged to return to Europe on account of his health, did not complete it: the parts which he translated were, the first four chapters of Genesis, with the canonical book of Daniel, and the Apocryphal Song of the Three Children, the History of Susanna, and Bel and the Dragon, completed at Madras, 1742; and the book of the Psalms of David. The New Testament and other portions of Scripture thus translated were all printed at Halle, in Saxony, in the Oriental or Jewish and Mohammedan Institution in that university, between 1745 and 1758, in 8vo. edited by Dr. J. H. Callenberg; and printed under the superintendance, first of J. Zacharias Eitzius, and after his decease by the laborious

(74) Niecampii Hist, Missionis Evangel. pp. 296. 365. Hala, 1737, 4to. Le Long, edit. Masch, pt. ii. vol. I.sec. 11, p. 201.

Marsh's Hist. of the Translations of the Scriptures, pp. 37. 116.

missionary Stephen Schultze, then recently returned from Turkey. Several translations of portions of the Scriptures have also been made since the conclusion of the eighteenth century.75

The missionaries sent out by the Danish government were early sanctioned and liberally assisted by the venerable English "Society for promoting Christian Knowledge," and the mission has for many years been chiefly supported by that society. Of the three missionaries already named, Ziegenbalg, GRUNDLER, and SCHULTZE, the following brief biographical outlines will bring the reader acquainted with their general character and labours.

BARTHOLOMEW ZIEGENBALG, the founder of the Danish mission at Tranquebar, was born at Pulsnitz, a town in Upper Lusatia, June 14th, 1683. His parents, whom he lost at an early age, were respectable and pious. From a youth he appeared to be under the influence of religious principles, but it was whilst pursuing his studies at Gorlitz, that he first determined, under the powerful conviction of its being his duty, to devote himself entirely to the service of God. From Gorlitz he removed to Berlin, and in 1703 went to Halle, that he might pursue his studies in theology with greater success, under the inspection of the pious and learned A. H. Franck. During a visit to Berlin, in 1705, for the restoration of his health, which had been impaired by study, he was engaged by Frederick IV. king of Denmark, to go as a missionary to India. On the 29th of November, in the same year, he embarked at Copenhagen, with Henry Plutchau, the steady companion of his future labours. On their arrival at Tranquebar, he devoted himself with unwearied zeal and perseverance to the various duties of his arduous engagement, and soon (75) Le Long, edit. Masch, pt. ii. vol. I. sec. 11, pp. 202–210. Marsh's Hist, of Translations of the Scriptures, p. 38,

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became able to compose and preach in the Tamul language. In 1714, he revisited Europe, in order to promote more effectually the objects of the mission; and during his stay in Germany, married a pious and amiable lady, who had been educated under Professor Franck. In 1716, he returned to India, and continued his missionary labours with indefatigable fidelity, till prevented by a severe and fatal disorder, which at length terminated his life, February 23rd, 1719, in the 36th year of his age, amid the tears and prayers of his beloved flock."

JOHN ERNEST GRUNDLER was born at Weissensee, in Thuringia, where his father was a counsellor of the chamber of justice, April 7th, 1677. He studied divinity at Leipsic, Wittemberg, and Halle. At the last place, by a discourse on true and false Humility, he became convinced of the need of true repentance, of a change of heart, and of faith in Jesus Christ. From this time his greatest solicitude was to live to the glory of God, and to obtain his salvation, and preach it to others. His appointment to the situation of teacher in the Royal School, increased his qualifications for the great work in which he afterwards engaged; and his heart being inflamed with an ardent zeal for the conversion of the heathen, he cheerfully accepted of an appointment to the office of missionary to India. At the close of the year 1708, he sailed for the East as a missionary, accompanied by John George Baving, and Polycarp Jordan, two other missionaries, and arrived at Tranquebar, in July, of the following year. During the life of Ziegenbalg, he was the intimate friend and companion of that devoted missionary, accompanying him in his journeys, aiding him in all his undertakings,

(76) Niecampii Historia Missionis Evangelicæ in India Orientali, pt. i. et pt. ii. period 1. passim.

La Croze, Hist. du Christianisme des Indes, liv. 7, pp. 534-568,
A la Haye, 1724, 12mo.

Brown's Hist. of the Propag, of Christianity, I. ch. v. pp. 177—202,

and during his absence in Europe taking the oversight of the mission. After the loss of his beloved colleague, he was for two months in so weak a state of health, that in conducting public worship he was obliged to sit in the pulpit. Whilst recovering from his indisposition, he employed himself in preparing the missionaries who had lately arrived, for the important work in which they had engaged: and although he was soon after seized with a flux, which never afterwards left him, he proposed undertaking a journey into the Mogul empire. In the prosecution of this design, he sailed for Cuddalore; but having caught cold by the way, he was obliged to return to Tranquebar, and his disorder continuing to increase, his strength was exhausted, so that after lingering a few weeks, during which his whole mind seemed absorbed in the contemplation of divine things, he died, March 19th, 1720, in the 43rd year of his age; and the day following his mortal remains were committed to the dust, close to the ashes of his esteemed colleague. Two tablets placed at the sides of the altar in the church of Tranquebar, record the deaths of these eminent ministers and missionaries."

BENJAMIN SCHULTZE was a native of Sonneberg, a town of Brandenburg, in the New Mark. Whilst a student in divinity, he was recommended to the Royal College of Missions at Copenhagen, by Professor Franck, of Halle, as peculiarly qualified for the East India mission. Having received his appointment to the mission, he proceeded from Halle, by way of Rotterdam, to London, from whence he sailed for India, and reached Tranquebar, September 16th, 1719. On his arrival, he applied himself with apostolic zeal to the great objects of his mission, counting not his life dear to himself, but

(77) Niecampii Hist. Mission, Evang. pt. ii, period 1, cap. iv.-xv. passim.

La Croze, ut sup.

braving every danger, and submitting to the greatest privations, in order to preach the Gospel to the poor benighted heathens, among whom he laboured incessantly for several years, with invincible patience, and considerable success. His extensive learning, and intimate knowledge of the Tamul language, he employed in completing the Tamul version of the Scriptures, begun by Ziegenbalg; and publishing other important works. He at length removed to Madras; and in 1743, returned to Europe, where, as far as his health would permit, he continued to promote the interests of the mission. At the Jewish and Oriental Institution of Halle, where he appears chiefly to have resided after his return, he superintended the publication of several important works in the Hindoostanee, Telinga, and other Oriental languages; amongst which may be enumerated a Hindoostanee Grammar; a Refutation of the Koran, in the same tongue, and other works written by himself. After a life spent in the most arduous services of religion and benevolence, he died in peace, at Halle, November 25th, 1760.

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Before we quit the labours of these missionaries, it must be observed that their translations of the Scriptures were not confined to languages strictly Oriental, but also included the Portuguese, a corrupt dialect of which prevailed in many parts of India, under European governments. The version principally adopted by these missionaries, was that of JOAM FERREIRA D' ALMEIDA, for the New Testament, and such parts of the Old as he had translated; revised, and afterwards completed chiefly by Ziegenbalg, Grundler, Schultze, and other missionaries who succeeded them in the East. Adler, in his Bibliotheca Biblica, mentions the following editions, in the king of Wurtemberg's library; viz. in quarto; the PENTATEuch, (78) Niecampii Hist. Mission. Evang. pt. ii. period 1, cap. xiii. sec. 8; period 3, cap. vii. sec. 21, passim et Præfat. pp. 14, 15. Le Long, edit. Masch, pt. ii. vol. I. sec. 11, p. 199.

Brown's Hist. of the Propagation of Christianity, I. pp. 202–233.

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