HAMBURGH is a city in Germany, situated on the north bank of the river Elbe, about seventy miles from the ocean. The river is navigable for the larger class of merchant vessels as far as the city. Its right bank is rather picturesque, the ground being much broken and diversified, richly wooded, and interspersed with many neatlooking little villas, more particularly on the approach to Hamburgh. A number of windmills scattered along the banks give a pleasing effect to the scenery. The left bank is flat and uninteresting.

Hamburgh very much resembles a Dutch town in its general features; but, unlike most Dutch towns, many of its streets are narrow, dirty, and ill-paved. The houses are lofty; and as both walls and roofs are crowded with windows, even private dwellings have the appearance of so many manufactories.

The city is fortified; but the ramparts, which are broad, are now used chiefly as a promenade. The Elbe, which is three or four miles broad, forms two spacious harbours, and runs through most parts of the town in broad and deep canals.

The public buildings of Hamburgh present nothing peculiar in their architecture. The Stadt-house is large VOL. II. Second Series.

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and heavy; St. Michael's church has a tower four hundred and fifty feet in height: from the top, the whole Elbe, nearly as far as the sea, may be seen. The churches of St. Nicholas and St. Peter have also lofty towers. In the spire of the last, about half way up, is an octagon room, with a window in each side, and a flat board placed upon the ledge, on which were marked several lines, pointing to the different objects worthy of notice.

Hamburgh is a free and independent city. Its government resides in the Senate, which is composed of thirtysix members, four of whom are termed burgo-masters; four syndics; one prothonotary; one keeper of the archives; and two secretaries. They are chosen by the body of the citizens. The police is well regulated; and the principles of the Roman law are acted upon in the courts of justice.

ance.

The city has long been noted for its commercial importAs the Elbe is navigable for several hundred miles from the sea, Hamburgh is one of the principal emporiums of trade in Europe. Its vessels trade to the different parts of the globe, and its markets supply a very large part of Germany and Prussia.

In the thirteenth century, when this part of Germany was often exposed to the outrages of the northern banditti, several cities united for the purposes of mutual assistance. This was the celebrated Hanseatic league; and the towns in the confederacy were called the Hanse towns. At one time the association comprised more than eighty cities; but at present the rank and privileges of the league are only claimed by three,-Hamburgh, Bremen, and Lubeck.

Hamburgh has a small territory, over which the jurisdiction of the city extends; but on the western side, the Danish town of Altona almost joins it. The population of the whole territory is about 150,000. Some notion of the trade of the place may be obtained from the following statement. In 1832 there were imported, 47,250,000lbs. of coffee; 100,750,000lbs. of sugar; 103,000 piece hides; 5,250,000lbs. of rice; 1,500,000lbs. of pepper; 36,828 bales of cotton; 5297 hds. of tobacco; 8054 chests of

indigo; 5593 puncheons of rum. The total amount of both imports and exports is thought rather to exceed than to fall short of £14,000,000 sterling.

In 1807 the city was forcibly occupied by the French troops, by order of Napoleon. British property was confiscated; a large portion of the public treasure seized; the suburbs destroyed; and many families driven into the open country in the depth of winter, with the loss of all they had formerly possessed. Under Marshal Davoust, the place was subjected to all the barbarities of military occupation, rendered more horribly cruel by the brutality of the troops. Davoust appears to have been a General worthy of his master; utterly regardless of others, never forgetful of himself.

Hamburgh is situated in longitude 9° 46' 27" east; and latitude 53° 34′32′′ north. A vessel sailing to the Elbe from the mouth of the Thames, takes a course about northeast. The distance from London to Hamburgh is rather more than that from London to Edinburgh. The steamers perform the voyage in from 50 to 60 hours.

MEMOIR OF DR. DODD.

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On the 2d of February, 1777, he preached at the Magdalen chapel. It was his last sermon. Unable to keep his creditors quiet, he employed an expedient from the consequences of which escape was impossible. He forged the signature of Lord Chesterfield, his former pupil, to a bond for £4200, payable to himself; and on the credit of it, raised a considerable sum of money. Detection almost immediately followed. Being taken before a Magistrate, he was committed to prison; and on the 24th of February, three weeks from the commission of the offence, he was tried at the Old Bailey, and found guilty. A question subsequently arose as to the admissibility of an important part of the evidence on which he had been convicted; and the point being submitted to the Judges, his sentence was

deferred till the ensuing session. The decision of the Judges was unfavourable. On the 26th of May he was placed at the bar, and sentence was pronounced according to the sanguinary law which then existed, and which for so many years after continued to blot the statute-book. The most strenuous efforts were made to obtain a pardon ; but it seems to have been felt that either Dr. Dodd must die, or the law must be repealed. And certainly, if the law were right in its penalty, Dr. Dodd's case was not one for exemption. In him, the crime was committed under circumstances every way aggravating. The necessity for the relief which he thus sought to procure, had not been occasioned by providential afflictions and privations, but by habits inconsistent with not only his clerical office, but his Christian character. For useful and honourable life, and for the comfortable supply of his proper wants, his income was sufficient. But he loved dissipation and display. He yielded to them, and they ruined him. The difficulties which sin had occasioned, he sought to remove by crime. It was right that in such a case punishment should be inflicted; though it reflects no credit on the legislators of that time, none on those who succeeded them, that they were so unwilling to admit the unrighteousness of the extreme penalty exacted in cases like that for which Dr. Dodd suffered. The cheapness in which human life, that great and awful gift of God, was held by the law, was long one of our national offences.

In prison, and under sentence of death, Dr. Dodd had now leisure for reflection. He had always firmly believed, and, so far as he knew them, faithfully taught, the great truths of the Christian religion. At a period when it was too common for Clergymen to be as careless and insufficient in the pulpit, as they were earnest and devoted in the pursuit of worldly pleasure, Dr. Dodd, though with them in the world, yet left their ranks when he engaged in the performance of his clerical duties. He seems to have indulged, for a large portion of the time that elapsed between his conviction and execution, a hope of obtaining a commutation of his sentence, and by that hope his mind