A Picture of the Desolated States

of the Back Country. --Small Farmers in the Legislature. - Original Secessionists
and Union Men. - Young Man of Chambers County. - A Prisoner at Harrisburg. -
Life among the Yankees. — Return Home. – Disloyalty of the People. — News-
papers and Churches. — Northern and Southern Alabama. – Union Men of Ran-
dolph County, - Great Destitution. - Service of the Freedmen's Bureau. - Negro
in Civil Courts. — Freedmen's Schools. - Cotton Stealing. - Prospect of Cotton
Crop. - How to Hire the Freedmen. – All Sorts of Contracts. - Northern Men in

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

Alabama. – Topography. – Tree Moss. — Best Cotton Lands. -Disadvantages. -

Artesian Wells. — Region of Small Farms. - Climate. — Common Schools. — First

Cotton Crop. — Indian War. — Railroads....

.....441

CHAPTER LXIII. - IN AND ABOUT ATLANTA.

Closing.Battles of the War. - The Yankees at West Point. — Foggy Night at At-

lanta. - City by Daylight. - Colored Soldier's Widow. – Property Destroyed. —

Religion a Nuisance. — Rebuilding. - Rents. - White and Black Refugees. — Ac-

counts by Citizens. - Negro's Horse. - Jesse Wade, the Poor White; on Sher-

man's Strategy; on Schools; on Reconstruction. - Nigger versus White Man. -

Out-door Convention of Freed People. — Georgia Railroads and Banks........452

CHAPTER LXIV.-DowN IN MIDDLE GEORGIA.

Last View of Atlanta. - Negro Emigration. - Indigent Negroes. — Niggers' best

Friends. — Railroad to Macon. - The Country. - City of Refuge. – Colored Popu-

lation. - Murders and Shootings. - Need of Cavalry. - Georgia and the War. -

Preedmen's Bureau and the People. - Negro of Middle Georgia. - Infraction of

Contracts. - Control of Bureau Funds. – Macon Freedmen's Schools. — Union

Men in Georgia. - An Old Settler's Story.-"No Party" Cry.- Confederates and

Yankees .................................................................4

CHAPTER LXV.- ANDERSONVILLE.

Yankee Prison at Macon. -"Death's Acre." - Trial of Captain Wirz. - His Per-

sonal Appearance. - Scene of his Crimes.- Name of the Town. - Present Appear-

ance. - The Stockade. - Double Walls. - The Dead Line. — Prisoners' Caves. -

Huts and Barrack Sheds. -Out-Buildings. - Cemetery. - Death Record. - In-

scriptions. — Rebel Owner's Claim. - Testimony of Georgians...............468

CHAPTER LXVI. - SHERMAN IN MIDDLE GEORGIA.

Tradition regarding General Sherman's Gloves. — Confederate General's Testimony.

- Criticisms and Anecdotes.-" The Great Robber" in Jones County.-Confed-

erate Stockings. — Yankee Soldiers and Rebel Dogs. - Sberman's Field Orders. -

Pillagers. --Shooting Horses and Stock.- Army and its Stragglers. - Negro and

the Trunk. - Persuasion of a Rope. - The “Great Robber" in Putnam County. -

Not a Raid. - Movement of the Army.- Panic of the People. — Flight from Mil-

ledgeville. - Masters and Slaves. ................

............475

CHAPTER LXVII. — PLANTATION GLIMPSES.

Worn-out Plantations.- Houses on Props. — A Northern Man's Experience. — Men

and Women Ploughing. - Home Manufactures. — A Planter's House. - Old Mas-

ter and Young Master. - A Georgia Woman and the Yankees................482

CHAPTER LXVIII. - POLITICS AND FREE LABOR IN GEORGIA.

Milledgeville. - State Legislature. — Repudiation.- Complaints of Confederate Des-

potism. – Value of Slave Property; to be Paid for by the Government. — Common-

School System. — Freedmen's Schools. — Negro with the Small-Pox. - Georgia

Planter and Niggers. Kinder than the Yankees. - Poor Whites in New Yo

and Massachusetts. - Abuse of the Yankees; of Freed men's Bureau. - Mr. C-

of Oglethorpe County; why he damned the Yankees. — Tax on Color. -- South-

ern Methods. - State Commissioner of the Bureau. - Planters' Profits. - Mean-

ness of the Georgians. - Sending Negroes out of the State. - Ignorance of the

Freed People. — Tendency to Idleness. - Bribes Offered. - Cruelties to Freed-

men. - Public Sentiment on the Subject. - Cotton Crop.....................488

CHAPTER LXIX. - SHERMAN IN EASTERN GEORGIA.

Sherman and the Railroads. - Condition of the Tracks. — General Grant on Sher-

man's “ Hair Pins." - Machinery for Destroying Track. — Condition of the Bent
Iron. - Railroad Buildings. - One Glove off. - The “ Bummers" in Burke
County.- People Stripped of Everything. - Sherman and the Old Woman.-
Buried Gold and Silver - Shrewdness of Planter's Wife. – A“ Sorry" Watch. -
Experience of a Northern Man. - Running off Goods and Stock. – Hiding Place in

the Bushes. --Coming of the Soldiers. -Stopped by Yankee Cavalry. - Why the
Women screamed. - Pursuit of a Horse. — Luck of a Poor Planter. - Reduced
to Corn-Meal Bran. — By Stage to Scarborough. — By Rail to Savannah. - Com-

ments of the Passengers. - By the Ogeechee River. — Importation of Hay...501

CHAPTER LXX.- A GLANCE AT SAVANNAH.

Sherman at Savannah. - Conference with Secretary Stanton. — Issuing of General

Orders No. 15. — Aspect of the City, - Situation. - Inhabitants. — Trade. - Col-

ored Schools. -- Bonaventure Cemetery....

..........508

CHAPTER LXXI.- CHARLESTON AND THE WAR.

Charleston and Savannah Railroad. - Steamboats. — Morning in Charleston Harbor.

- Objects in the Mist. - Historic Water. - Charleston and the Old Flag. – Early

Walk in the City. — Turkey Buzzards. — People and Houses. - Great Fire of 1861.

- Its Origin. — Picturesque Ruins. — Damage done by Shells. - Spite against

Firemen. — Panic and Flight of the Inhabitants. - A Northern Man's Experience.

- Nineteen Months' Bombardment. - Not a Joyful Anniversary.- Evacuation by

the Rebels. — Fire and Explosion. — The City isolated.....

..............511

CHAPTER LXXII. - A VISIT TO FORT SUMTER.

Harbor Obstructions. — Destructive Water Worm.- Palmetto Wharves. - Fort Sum-

rom without. A Mass of Ruins.-Effect of Bombardment. - Section of the

Old Wall. - Landing at the Fort. — Inside View. - The Old Flag again. - Situa-

tion of the Fort. - Old Iron under the Walls. — Cost of United States Forts. —

Garrison. — Beauregard's Bombardment. - Major Anderson's Fame. — Fame not

80 cheap since. — Military Duty and Common Sense. - Policy of the Government.

- The Fort from Morris Island....

..517

id...................

CHAPTER LXXIII. - A PRISON AND A PRISONER.

General -S 's Visits to Charleston. Taken Prisoner. – Jumping from the Cars.

- Circular Perambulation. - The Man with the Bag of Corn. - Pine-leaves and

Tobacco.- Chased by Blood-hounds. - What he lived on. – Visit to a lone Widow.

-Nigbt in a Canebrake. -A Man on Horseback.- Proffer of a Canteen. -A

Friend in Need. — Night in a Gin-House. - Parting in the Morning. – Entan-

gled among Streams. – Taken for a Spy. - Recognized. - How he got his Clothes

again. - Sent to Macon. — Tunnelling the Ground under the Stockade. - Betrayed.

- Sent to Charleston. - The Work-house. — Jail and Hospitals. — Entrance to

the Work-house, Rooms, and Cells. - Prisoners' Bunks. – Visited by a Shell. –

Watching the Shells by Night. – A Taste of the pure Air. - Negro Whippings.

- Tower of Observation. - Mountain of Offal. - "Kindness" to Prisoners. —

Plans of Escape. - Exploring the Cistern. – Tunnelling the Walls. — Betrayed

again. - Grand Scheme to Capture and Fire the City. — Exchanged...........521

CHAPTER LXXIV. -THE SEA-ISLANDS.

Negro of Cotton States and Border States. - Causes of Difference. - Slaves and

Slavery in South Carolina. - Labor Disorganized. - Negro Instincts. — Emigra-

tion to the Coast. - Settlements under Sherman's Order. – No more Allotments.

- General Howard's Visit. — President's Theory. - Conflict of Authority.- Of

Claims. -- Nothing Settled. - Freedmen's Crops. - Gun and Fishing-Rod. – Dis-

couragement. - Difficult Question ....

................532

CHAPTER LXXV. - A Visit to JAMES ISLAND..

Stroll along the Wharves. - Negroes under Coal-Sheds. – Misery. - Boats to

James Island. - Planters and their Freedmen. – Taciturn Boatman. – Previous

Visits. - Captured by Negroes. – Third Visit. - Our Reception. - Number of

Freedmen. - House of Three Orphans.- Conversation with their Guardian. -

An Unreasonable Complaint. -À Northern Man's Fortunes. - Negro from St.

John. - " Faithful Old Family Servant." - Colored Guard. -- Women " Listing."

- Our Guard takes Notes. - Negroes Farming. - Attachment to their Homes. -

Children going to School. - Shade-Trees used for Fences. - Extent of the Island.

- Freedmen their own Driver ........

.........537

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

XIII

CHAPTER LXXVI. - SHERMAN IN SOUTH CAROLINA.

Destruction by the Army, - A South Side View. - In Orangeburg District. - A

Lady's Account. - Discipline of the Army. - Fidelity of an Old Cook. – Warned

by a Dream. - Behavior of the Negroes. - Firing Houses. - Foragers. - Yankee

Officers. — Soldiers' Fun and Mischief. - Behavior. - Destructiveness. - Three

Nights in the Chimney Corner. - White Lie by a Black Boy. - White Officers

and Black Girls. – Robbed of everything. – The Negroes afterwards. — Few

White Men left in the Country. - Cut off from Charleston....... ......546

CHAPTER LXXVII. - THE BURNING OF COLUMBIA.

The Fall of Pride. - Infatuation of the People. - Scenes of Panic. – Citizen Plun-

derers. - General Sherman's Promise. - Origin of the Fires. — Accounts by Re-

sponsible Citizens. - Rocket Signals. - Fire-Balls thrown into Houses. - Stories

of Federal Guards. - Skill at finding Treasures. — * Divining Rods." - The Fire

in the Distance. – Dismay and Terror. — Thirty Millions of Property Destroyed. —

Sicking of the Churches: of Masonic and Odd Fello

.-Drunkenness.

Discipline. - Robberies. - Many Guards faithful. -Curious Incidents. - Funeral

of a Lapdog. - Popular Jokes in the Army. – Mrs. Minegault's Bracelet. — Des-

titution. – Doing as we would have been done by. - War and Institutions of

Learning. - Horrors left behind. - Ruins .........

...........553

CHAPTER LXXVIII. - Notes on SOUTH CAROLINA.

Free Labor in the Eastern District. - West of the Wateree. - Planters and the Crop

they depended on. - Cotton and Corn. - Crops during the Confederacy. — Rice

Culture. - Railroads. - Finances. - United States Taxes.- Prevalence of Crime.

-Dishonest Treasury Agents; their Modes of Operating. – Animosity against the

Government. — Progressive Class. — Governor Orr on Negro Suffrage. - Story of

a Negro Carpenter. - Freedmen's Schools .........

.........565

CHAPTER LXXIX. - THE RIDE TO WINNSBORO'.

By Stage from Columbia. — Destruction of the Railroad Track. — The Yankees Dis-

sected. — A Skeleton at the Banquet. - Stage-Coach Conversation. - Negro Suf-

frage and Free Labor. — Spirit of the People. - Outrages on Negroes. — A Candid

Confession.-Sherman's **Bummers" at Winnsboro'.

............571

CHAPTER LXXX.- A GLIMPSE OF THE OLD NORTH STATE.

Change of Scene. - North Carolina Legislature. – Business at Raleigh. — Impov-

erishment of the State. - Effects of Repudiation. - Stay Laws. - Rice Culture. -

North Carolina Farmers. — Freedmen and Freedmen's Schools. — Governor Worth

on Sherman's “Bummers"... .............................................578

CHAPTER LXXXI. - CONCLUSIONS.

Return Home. - Summing Up. - Condition of the South. - Demand for Capital and

Labor. — Recovery of Agriculture and Business. - A Hint to Emigrants. - Loy-
alty of the People. - Union Men at the Close of Hostilities. - A Change for the
Worse. - Talk for the Talk's sake. — Enough of War. - Danger of Unarmed Re-
bellion. - Aims of Southern Leaders. - Security needed. - How to punish
Treason. - Plans of Reconstruction. - Southern Plan.- Southern Representatives

and the Test Oath. - The Rule of Justice. - Principles of the Declaration of In-

dependence. - Impartial Suffrage. - History of Progressive Ideas.- Time for the

Sowing of the New Seed. - Are the Blacks prepared for the Franchise ? — The

Basis of Representation. - Prospects ....

............588

CHAPTER LXXXII. THE WORK OF RESTORATION.

A Year later. - Hopes disappointed. — Position of the Whites of the South. -

Treatment of Southern Unionists, Black and White. - Sections where the Hostil-

ity was most intense. - Honorable and Noble Exceptions to this State of Feel-

ing. - The most Noisy Supporters of the Lost Cause. — The Effect of President

Johnson's Course in stimulating this Hostility, - Review of his Course so far as it

relates to Reconstruction. - Interviews with Southern Men. -- Organization of

Provisional Governments. - Specimens of the Men appointed by him as Gov.

ernors. - Defiance of Congress in Advance. — Assurances to South Carolina. -

Democratic Conventions indorsing the President's Policy. - The Message of De-

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A Picture of the Desolated States: And the Work of Restoration. 1865-1868