1742, fol. An abridgment of this work was published before the author's death, with the title of "Historia Universalis Politica Idea, plane nova & legitima, &c." Norimb. 1743, 4to. with twenty-eight maps and sixteen chronological tables. The first part contains a short view of general history; the second, chronological tables; and the third, maps, which exhibit the various changes that have taken place in the different states and kingdoms. These works were published after the author's death, in 1750, under the general title of " An Historical Atlas, containing the great Kingdoms and Monarchies, according to the ancient Geography." This was the last production of the learned and industrious author, as he died in the fifty-eighth year of his age, in the month of September, 1742. Hirsching's Manual of eminent Persons who died in the eighteenth Century.-J. HABAKKUK, the eighth in number of the minor Hebrew prophets, according to the order in which they are placed both in the Hebrew and Greek Bibles. We have no information in the Scripture respecting either the parents from whom he was descended, or the time in which he lived. It seems probable, however, that he flourished after the taking of Nineveh; as he prophesies of the Chaldeans, and is silent on the subject of the Assyrians. The subjects of his predictions are: the desolation and destruction of Judah and Jerusalem by the Chaldeans, as a punishment for their heinous crimes; the subsequent ruin of the Babylonish empire; and the deliverance from captivity which the Jews would experience, according to Jehovah's faithful word, and in conformity with the plan of the divine proceedings relating to them ever since their emancipation from Egyptian slavery. From some expressions which occur in them, we may conclude, that he prophesied not long before the Jewish captivity. He may, therefore, be placed in the reign of Jehoiakim, between the years 606 and 598 B.C. The style of the book of Habakkuk is poetical, and, according to the judgment of bishops Lowth and Newcome, he stands high in the class of Hebrew poets. The beautiful connection between the parts of this prophecy, its diction, imagery, spirit, and sublimity, cannot be too much admired." The third chapter, in particular, contains an animated hymn, in which we have the most "sublime description of God, when he conducted his people to the land of Canaan. The grandest circumstances are selected, and the diction is as splendid as ne subjects." The best English version of this prophet is that of Dr. Newcome, bishop of Waterford, and afterwards primate of Ireland, in his "Attempt towards an improved Version, a metrical Arrangement, and an Explanation of the twelve minor Prophets.' Preface to the work last mentioned. Louth De Sacra Poesi Hebræorum, Pralec. xxviii. Book of Habakkuk.-M. HABERKORN, PETER, a learned German Lutheran divine and professor in the seventeenth century, was descended from a noble Franconian family, and born at Butzbach in the Wetteraw, in the year 1604. He went through the usual courses of academic study at the university of Ulm, whence he removed to that of Marpurg in the year 1626. Afterwards he visited the universities in Saxony, and at Strasburg; and, upon his return to Marpurg, in 1632, was appointed professor of the physical sciences, and admitted to the degree of doctor of divinity. In the following year he was nominated preacher to the court of Hesse. Ten years afterwards he was constituted superintendant of the churches in the district of Giessen; and, when the university was established in that city, was placed in the theological chair. The duties of that office he discharged with high reputation, and sustained a distinguished part in the public conferences and disputations of his time on religious subjects. Among the Lutherans his controversial works are held in much esteem; particularly his "Heptas Disputationum Anti-Wallenburgicarum," written in reply to the learned and laborious defences of the catholic faith by the two brothers, Adrian and Peter Wallenburg. He died át Giessen in the year 1676. He was the author of "Vindicatio Lutherana Fidei contra Helvicum Ulricum Hunnium;""Syntagma Dissertationum Theologicarum;" "Anti-Valerianus ;"" Relatio Actorum Colloqui Rheinfelsani," &c. Moreri. Nouv. Dict. Hist. -M. HABERT, ISAAC, a learned French prelate in the seventeenth century, the place and time of whose birth are unknown. In the year 1626 he was admitted to the degree of doctor by the faculty of the Sorbonne at Paris, and was afterwards promoted to a canonry and prebend of the cathedral church in that city. By giving his approbation to father Gibeuf's treatise "On the Liberty of God and the Creature," he became involved in a controversy with the Jesuits, concerning the doctrine of efficacious grace, which he held in a sense different from that of Jansenius, to whose system he was hostile, as well as to that of his opponents. Cardinal Richlieu employed him to combat in the pulpit the "Augustinus" of the bishop of Ypres. This task he undertook in three Sermons," which he preached at Paris in the years 1642 and 1643, and afterwards published. The appearance of these sermons gave rise to a controversy between the author and the celebrated M. Arnauld, the titles of whose reply, and of M. Habert's rejoinder, &c. the curious reader may find in Moreri. As a proof of the minister's approbation of his services, in the year 1645 he was nominated to the bishopric of Vabres, where he died in 1668, equally respected for his virtues and for his erudition. He published "Liber Pontificalis Græcorum, Græc. & Lat." 1643, folio, of which he furnished the Latin version, and numerous learned illustrative notes, displaying an intimate acquaintance with the ancient liturgies and ecclesiastical ceremonies; "De Consensu Hierarchiæ & Monarchiæ," 1640, 4to, in reply to the Optatus Gallus of Charles Hersent; "De Cathedra, seu Primatu S. Petri," 1645; " A Defence of the Doctrine of the Greek Fathers concerning Grace," 1646; and "An Exposition of the Epistles of St. Paul to Timothy, Titus, and Philemon," 1656. He was also not an unsuccessful cultivator of Latin poetry; as may be seen from a collection of his principal pieces, published in 1623, 4to, and his " Hymns for the Festival of St. Lewis," inserted in the Paris Breviary. Moreri. Nouv. Dict. Hist.-M. HABERT, LEWIS, a French ecclesiastic of some note in his time, and whose writings are still held in much estimation by Catholics, was born at Blois, in the year 1636. He was created a doctor of the faculty of the Sorbonne in the year 1658, and afterwards officiated as grand-vicar in the dioceses of Luçon, Auxerre, Verdun, and Chalons sur Marne. In these employments he acquired general respect and esteem by his learning, his zeal in maintaining ecclesiastical discipline, his virtues, and his piety. The latter part of his life he spent at the house of the Sorbonne, where he chiefly devoted his time to the resolution of cases of conscience. He died in 1718, when he was in the eighty-second year of his age. While he filled the post of grand-vicar at Verdun, he published "The Practice of Penance," 12mo, which has undergone numerous impressions, and is commonly known by the title of "La Pratique de Verdun." But, notwithstanding its favourable reception among Catholics, particularly in the Jansenist connection, complaints have been preferred, by persons who approve it on the whole, against the excessive rigour of some of its injunctions. After the author had retired to the house of the Sorbonne, he published a more considerable work, consisting of "A complete Body of Divinity," written in Latin, in seven volumes 12mo, of which the first appeared in 1709, and the last in 1712. This work is by some critics highly commended for the learning, judgment, and precision which it displays, and it was adopted, soon after its appearance, as a text-book, in the theological seminary at Chalons sur Marne. It had not been long printed, however, before it was warmly attacked, as a vehicle for Jansenism in disguise, in an anonymous work, addressed to the cardinal de Noailles, archbishop of Paris, and the bishop of Chalons. The titles of the treatises in this controversy may be seen in Moreri. Nouv. Dict. Hist.-M. HACKET, JOHN, a learned and worthy English prelate in the seventeenth century, was born at London, in the year 1592. He received his grammar learning at Westminster school, whence he was elected to Trinity college, Cambridge, in the year 1608. In that seminary he recommended himself to notice by his abilities and proficiency, and acquired general esteem by his exemplary manners and modest demeanour. In the year 1612 he was admitted to the degree of B.A., and as soon as the sta tutes permitted was chosen fellow of his college. After commencing M.A. in 1615, he undertook the office of tutor, which he discharged with great reputation, having pupils from some of the best families in England placed under his care. With one of these, afterwards lord Byron, he retired into Nottinghamshire during a long vacation, and while there composed a Latin comedy, entitled "Loyola;" which was twice acted before King James I., and printed in 1648, 8vo. Upon his return to college, he applied himself wholly to the study of divinity, and in the year 1618 was admitted into holy orders. His merits recommended him to the attention and friendship of several eminent, characters, among whom were Dr. King, bishop of London, and bishop Andrews, of Winchester; but his principal patron was Dr., Williams, dean of Westminster, and bishop of Lincoln. When in the year 1621 that prelate was appointed lord-keeper of the great seal, he chose Mr. Hacket for his chaplain, and shewed the superior regard which he had for him above the rest of his chaplains, by his activity in obtaining for him honorary and beneficial promotions in the church. In 1623 Mr. Hacket proceeded to the degree of bachelor in divinity; and in the same year was nominated chaplain in ordinary to king James I., and collated to a prebend in the cathedral church of Lincoln. During the following year, upon the lord-keeper's recommendation, he was presented to the - valuable rectory of St. Andrew's, Holborn, in London; and in the same year obtained, through the influence of the same patron, the rectory of Cheam, in Surrey. The former of these preferments the lord-keeper informed him he intended for wealth, the latter for health. In the year 1625 Mr. Hacket was nominated by the king to attend his ambassador into Germany; but was induced by his friends to decline that appointment, from an apprehension which they entertained, that, on account of the severity of his reflections upon the Jesuits in his comedy of Loyola," he would not be safe from the effects of their resentment, though in an ambassador's train. In the year 1628 he commenced doctor of divinity; and in 1631 was made archdeacon of Bedford. He now diligently applied himself to the discharge of his pastoral duties in the parish of St. Andrew's, and to maintain in his flock a steady attachment to the doctrine and discipline of the church as established by law. As his church of St. Andrew's was in a very old and decayed state, he undertook to rebuild it; and for that purpose obtained large subscriptions from the nobility and gentry, and the more opulent among his parishioners. Upon the breaking out of the civil wars, however, the funds which he had collected were seized by the parliament, and appropriated to other uses. In the year 1641 he was one of the sub-committee, selected to prepare matters for the discussion of the committee of accommodation, appointed by the house of lords to examine into the innovations in doctrine and discipline introduced into the church since the Reformation, and to consider of such amendments in the liturgy, &c. as might obviate the principal objections of the puritan party, and prevent the ruin of the ecclesiastical constitution. This committee, however, was broken up, partly in consequence of the jealousy and opposition of the bishops, and partly owing to the ferment occasioned by the discovery of the king's design of bringing the army to London, to dissolve the parliament. When the bill for abolishing deans and chapters was depending in the house of commons, Dr. Hacket was appointed by the committee above mentioned to plead against it at the bar of the house; but his arguments did not make such an impression upon the majority as to prevent their voting for the bill. In the year 1642 Dr Hacket was presented to a prebend and residentiaryship in the cathedral church of St. Paul's. He enjoyed little benefit, however, from these preferments, as the civil wars between the king and parliament soon commenced, and the ecclesiastical establishment was overturned. From Dr. Plume's account of his life it appears, that private meetings were held at his house by the bishops and other eminent clergy, whence letters were circulated among the divines in different parts of England, to exhort them to steadfastness in the cause of episcopacy and monarchy. By his zeal in this cause he drew on himself the resentment of the adherents to the parliament; and some of his parishioners preferred articles against him before the committee for plundered ministers, whe seem to have sequestered his rectory of St. Andrew's. For, following the advice of his friend Mr. Selden, he did not enter into any defence of himself, but retired to Cheam, where that gentleman promised to use his endeavours that he should remain unmolested. Soon afterwards he was carried away a prisoner by a party of the earl of Essex's army which marched through Cheam; but was liberated in a short time, after having resisted, it is said, considerable offers if he would embrace the side of the parlia ment. From this time he seems to have resided chiefly in retirement at Cheam, where he constantly officiated, making use of the liturgy, and explaining the church catechism, till an injunction was sent him by the committee of Surrey, by which he was forbidden that practice; yet even after this injunction he was connived at in introducing into the service many parts of the formulary in the Common-prayer. While he continued in this retirement, he is reported to have been instrumental in preserving several gentlemen firm to the protestant religion, who were assaulted by the artifices of lurking popish emissaries. Upon the restoration of king Charles II. Dr. Hacket recovered all his preferments, and was offered the bishopric of Gloucester, which he refused; but soon afterwards accepted that of Lichfield and Coventry, and was consecrated in the year 1661. When he took possession of his see, he found the cathedral church at Lichfield in ruins, owing to the effect of cannon shot and bombs that had been discharged against it, and the embezzlement of such of the materials as could be converted to profit; while the episcopal palaces were either entirely demolished, or in a wretched state from dilapidations. In the course of eight years he entirely restored his cathedral, in a more complete and beautiful form than before its destruction, at the expence of twenty thousand pounds, a considerable part. 1 of which was defrayed by himself, and he also expended a large sum on a prebendal house, which he made the place of his residence. During the same period he proved himself a benefactor to the university of Cambridge, by buildings which he added to Trinity college; and afterwards, by legacies to other colleges, and the bequest of all his books to the university library. He died at Lichfield in 1670, not long after he had completed the seventy-eighth year of his age. Bishop Hacket was a prelate of considerable learning, particularly in civil and ecclesiastical antiquities, and possessed a wonderful retentive and accurate memory. He was also distinguished for piety, integrity, benevolence, and charity, and for strictly virtuous and exemplary manners. From his motto, however, which was, "Serve God and be cheerfull," we may conclude that his piety did not degenerate into superstition, and that his strictness of conduct was not carried to the extreme of gloomy rigour and austerity. The only pieces of his published during his life were the comedy above mentioned, and a single sermon preached before the king. But after his death, Dr. Plume published "A Century of his Sermons, upon several remarkable Subjects," 1675, folio; and in 1693 appeared his learned and valuable "Life of Archbishop Williams," in folio, of which an abridgment was published in 1700, 8vo, by Ambrose Philips. Biog. Brit. Neal's Hist. Purit. vol. II. ch. ix.-M. HACKSPAN, THEODORE, or according to some writers THIERRI, a learned German Lutheran divine and Oriental scholar, was born at Weimar in Thuringia, in the year 1607. He commenced his academic career at Jena, where he spent seven years in the study of philosophy, theology, and the Oriental languages. Afterwards he removed to the university of Altdorf, attracted by the fame of a tutor who was highly spoken of for his acquaintance with Eastern learning; whence he went to Helmstadt, where he completed his theological studies under the celebrated George Calixtus, and other eminent professors. Returning afterwards to Altdorf, he fixed his abode in that university, and was the first person who publicly taught there the Oriental languages. On this employment he entered in the year 1636, and prosecuted it with great reputation and success during the remainder of his life. He is said to have been the most perfectly acquainted of any person in his day with the Hebrew, both scriptural and rabbinical, the Syriac, the Chaldee, and the Arabic languages. For some time he was prevented from committing to the press some of the most important of his learned labours, and the most useful for the improvement of his pupils, owing to the printing-offices within his reach not being furnished with the necessary types for giving his quotations in the proper characters. But from this embarrassment he was relieved by Josse Schmidmaier, an advocate of Nuremberg, who established a press in his own house, supplied with complete assortments of letters in the different languages of which he made use. In the year 1654 Hackspan was appointed to fill the theological chair at Altdorf, without relinquishing his professorship of Oriental languages. By his intense application, however, to his studies, and the duties of his appointments, he brought on a decline, to which he fell a sacrifice in 1659, when only in the 52d year of his age. He was the author of "Sylloge Disputationum theologicarum & philologicarum," 1663, 4to, which is a collection of pieces published at different periods, the particular titles of which may be seen in the first of our subjoined authorities; "Interpres Errabundus; hoc est, brevis Disquisitio de Causis errandi Interpretum & Commentatorum Sacræ Scripturæ, omniumque adeo qui circa Sacras utriusque Foederis occupantur Litteras," which is annexed to a treatise entitled "Lucubrationes Franktallenses; sive Specimen aliquod Interpretationum & Expositionum, quas plurimas in difficillima quæque utriusque Testamenti Loca meditatus est Bonaventura Cornelius Bertramus, Picto Thoarsensis," &c. 1645, 8vo; "Miscellaneorum Sacrorum Libri duo," 1660; "Notæ Philologico-theologica in varia & difficiora Veteris & Novi Testamenti Loca," 1664, in three vols. 8vo; "Observationes Arabico-Syriaca in quædam Loca Veteris & Novi Testamenti," 1662, 4to; "Specimen Theologiæ Talmudicæ;" "Fides & Leges Muhammedis ;" "Liber Nizachon Rabbi Lipmanni ;"" Termini, Distinctiones, & Divisiones, Philosophico-theologicæ, &c." Moreri. Nouv. Dict. Hist.-M. HADDON, WALTER, an elegant scholar of the sixteenth century, was born of a good family in Buckinghamshire, in 1516. He was educated at Eton school under Dr. Cox, afterwards bishop of Ely; and in 1533 was elected a scholar of King's college, Cambridge, of which he afterwards became a fellow. He was considered as one of the principal ornaments of that society, having by an assiduous study of the best writers, especially Cicero, acquired a very elegant Latin style, and made himself a proficient in oratory and poetry. His particular pursuit was the civil law, in which he took a doctor's degree, and read public lectures. He was likewise for some time professor of rhetoric, and orator of the university. His zeal in the cause of reformation, together with his literary reputation, caused him in the reign of Edward VI. to be made master of Trinity-hall in the room of bishop Gardiner. In 1550 he served the office of vice-chancellor; and two years afterwards, through the influence of the court, though not qualified according to the statutes, he was chosen president of Magdalen college, Oxford. He withdrew from this situation on the accession of Mary, and passed the dangerous period of her reign in retirement. Elizabeth, soon after she came to the crown, appointed him one of her masters of requests; and Dr. Parker, archbishop of Canterbury, made him judge of his prerogative court. He was one of the queen's commissioners at the royal visitation of the university of Cambridge; and in 1565 and 66 he was employed as one of the public agents at Bruges for restoring the ancient commerce between England and the Netherlands. While in the prospect of higher promotion, he died in January, 1571-2, in his fifty-sixth year. Walter Haddon had a principal concern in drawing up and putting into Latin the code of ecclesiastical law entitled "Reformatio Legum Ecclesiasticarum," edited in 1571 by John Foxe. He published in 1563 a reply to Jerom Osorio's letter entitled " Admonitio ad Elizabetham, Reginam Angliæ." His other works were collected by Thos. Hatcher, of King's college, Cambridge, and published in 1567, under the title of "Lucubrationes G. Haddoni, &c." 4to. They consist of orations, letters, and poems, the latter mostly on religious topics, all in Latin. Several of his original letters are preserved among the Harleian MSS. Biog. Brit.-A. HAEN, ANTHONY VAN, M.D. professsor of medicine in the university of Vienna, was born at Leyden, in 1704, and studied under the celebrated Boerhaave. After taking his degree as doctor, he settled at the Hague, where he practised with great success and approbation. Van Swieten, however, who was fully acquainted with the value of his talents, prevailed on him to remove to Vienna, that he might assist him in the plan he had drawn up for reforming the medical faculty in that capital. He repaired to that city in 1754 to be professor of medicine, and fully answered the expectation which had been formed of him; but his last treatises, " De Magia" and "De Miraculis," seem to confirm the observation that great men have their weak side as well as others. He died in the year 1776, at the age of seventytwo. Gruner, in his Medical Almanac for 1782, fays, "Van Haen was a man of great learning and practical knowledge, but an enemy to all new opinions, which he violently opposed, as appears from his dispute with Haller on sensibility and irritability; with Tralles on inoculation; with baron Von Stork on the ufe of poisonous plants in medicine, on the nature and origin of the purple fever and eruptive affections of the like kind, his thoughts on the plague and on malignant fevers, &c. in which, setting aside the polemic part, the reader will find a great deal of useful information. This eminent physician rendered himself celebrated in a literary point of view by the excellent observations interspersed in his " Ratio Medendi, in Nosocomio practico," Vindob. 1757-1773, in fifteen parts, octavo; and in the "Ratio Medendi continuata," Vindob. 1772-1779, three parts, octavo. His other works are: "Historia Morbi Incurabilis, Medicos passim fallentis." Haga. 1774, 8vo; "Dissertatio de Colica Pictonum," Ibid. 1745, 8vo; "De Deglutitione impedita," Ibid. 1750, 8vo; "Magia Examen," Vienna, 1774, 8vo; " Liber de Miraculis," Francof. & Lips. 1776, 8vo; "Opuscula omnia medico-physica, in unum nunc primum collecta," Neuss. 1780. six vols. 8vo; "Prælectiones in Boerhavii Institutiones Pathologicas, recensuit, additamentis auxit & edidit F. de Wassenberg Tomi V," Vindob. 1780-1782, 8vo. Hirs ching's Manual of eminent Persons who died in the eighteenth Century.-J. HAGEDORN, FREDERIC, a celebrated German poet, was born in 1708 at Hamburgh, where his father resided as Danish minister for the circle of Lower Saxony. He received a good education, and shewed an early talent for poetry; but as his father died in 1722 in confined circumstances, having lost great part of his property by misfortunes, young Hagedorn found he had little to trust to except his own exertions and industry. He therefore continued his studies in the Gymnasium of Hamburgh, and at that juvenile age wrote several poems which were inserted in the Hamburgh Patriot, one of the first weekly journals published in Germany. In 1726 he proceeded to Jena, where he applied for three years to the study of the law; but without neglecting the muses. A small collection of his poems was published at Hamburgh in 1729; and the same year, in order to push his fortune, he repaired to London with recommendations to the Danish ambassador baron Von Solenthall, and resided in that city till 1731. The ambassador treated |