cymbal;" with it, a man who lacks everything else will
prevail, for the spiritual fire that is in him will go from
him to others, whatever the obstacles. People in gen-
eral hold their opinions so loosely that a man who be-
lieves anything with his whole heart is sure to make
converts.
As argumentative composition, nothing in English
literature is more deserving of study than the works
of Burke, especially the speech on American Examples of
Taxation and that on Conciliation with Amer- argument.
ica. No American speeches are more deserving of study
than those of Daniel Webster. Especially noteworthy
are his three speeches against nullification (1830 and
1833), with which may profitably be studied the argu-
ments for nullification by Hayne (1830) and Calhoun
(1833). Other examples of argumentative composition
are: Richard Cobden's speech in the House of Commons,
April 24, 1863, on the seizure of "The Alexandra" on the
ground that it was being equipped contrary to the pro-
visions of the Foreign Enlistment Act;1 John Bright's
speech in the House of Commons, May 3, 1864, on a mo-
tion for the abolition of capital punishment; 2 Macaulay's
speeches in the House of Commons, Feb. 5, 1841, and April
6, 1842, on the bill to amend the law of copyright, and his
speech, May 22, 1846, on a bill for limiting the labor of
young persons in factories to ten hours a day; the chap-
ter on "Fundamental Principles respecting Capital," in
Mill's "Principles of Political Economy;" Sir James
1 Richard Cobden: Speeches on Questions of Public Policy, vol. ii.
American War I. Edited by John Bright and James E. Thorold Rogers.
2 John Bright: Speech on Questions of Public Policy, vol. ii. Punish-
ment of Death. Edited by James E. Thorold Rogers.
Fitzjames Stephen's article on the suppression of boycot
ting, published in "The Nineteenth Century," December,
1886; Matthew Arnold's "Last Words" at the end of
his papers "On Translating Homer," in "Essays in Criti
cism;" Huxley's "Three Lectures on Evolution" (deliv-
ered in New York, 1876); the Spencer-Weismann articles,
published in "The Contemporary Review" between Feb-
ruary, 1893, and October, 1894.1
1 Other examples are given in “Specimens of Argumentation," com.
piled by George P. Baker. Still others are mentioned at the close of
President Eliot's article entitled “Wherein Popular Education has Failed,”
published in "The Forum," December, 1892.
Principal topics, black; words and subordinate topics, Roman; titles of
periodicals, "Roman" quoted; other proper names in SMALL CAPITALS;
foreign expressions, italic.
Abatis, 27.
Abattoir, 16.
ABBOTT, E. A., 48.
Abbreviated forms, accepted and
condemned, 34; allowable in poe-
try but not in prose, 35.
ABINGER, LORD, (James Scarlett),
383, 398.
Abolishment, for abolition, 23.
Above par, 12.
Abstraction, for pilfering, 109.
Accede, distinguished from cede,
37; wrongly used, 46.
Accent, standard of, 12.
Accept of, 20.
Accessorily, for as an accessory, 22.
Accordingly, 148.
Accredit, Credit, distinguished, 38.
Acrobat, 27.
Actions, Acts, distinguished, 18.
Active form, preferable to passive,
20; when to be avoided, 20.
Ad, for advertisement, 34.
Ad infinitum, 16.
Ad libitum, 16.
ADAMS, JOHN COUCH, 353.
ADAMS, JOHN QUINCY, 168, 380.
Adaptation, in choice of words, 90-
91; in choice between particle and
more important word at end of sen-
tence, 201; in choice of sentences,
228; in exposition, 318; in per-
suasion, 397.
Addenda, for addendum, 49.
ADDISON, JOSEPH, 10, 34, 49, 65,
133, 167, 195, 245, 314, 372.
Address to, 20.
Adit, 26.
Adjectives, comparison of dissyl-
labic and polysyllabic, 22; with-
out grammatical reference, 52;
misused for adverbs, 67; with
verbs, when preferable to adverbs,
67; obscure demonstrative, 86;
pleonastic, 160; unwise advice to
young writers concerning use of,
ÆSCHYLUS, 102.
Afeard, for afraid, 26.
Affatuated, 22.
Affectation, 26, 144, 160.
Aforesaid, 12.
Again-bite, 101.
Again-rising, 101.
ising for provoking, 42, 47.
Aggregate, to, 12.
Aggressor, first or original, 154.
Agone, 26.
And now comes, 12.
And so, 159.
And which construction, 138.
ANDREW, JOHN A., 62.
Anemone, 99.
Anglo-Saxon, words from, compared
with words from Latin, 96-102;
not a literary language, 101.
ANGUS, JOSEPH, 61, 139.
Annexion, for annexation, 24.
Anon, 9.
Agriculturist, preferable to agri- Antagonism between clearness and
Agricultural interest, 104.
Alway, 9.
Amateur, 27.
Ambassador, 23.
Ambiguity of terms, 94, 95, 310.
See Clearness.
Ambrosia, 27.
America, words peculiar to, 14.
American and British usage, 13-15.
American language, possible exis-
tence of a distinct, 14.
Amiableness, to be avoided, 21.
Among, preferable to amongst, 21;
wrongly used, 68.
ANACREON, 277.
Analogy, argument from, a form of
argument from example, 361; ex-
plained, 364-368; false analogies,
369-373.
Analytic method in exposition, 314.
Ancient, Old, 99.
Ancient purloiner, 103.
And, use and misuse of, 87-88; used
to connect expressions not co-or-
dinate, 89, 139; pleonastic, 159;
omission of, gives rapidity, 159.
precision, 94.
Antagonize, for oppose, 12.
Antecedent probability, argument
from, defined, 354; explained, 354-
356; use by science, 356; use in
fiction, 357; need of argument
from, 358; preponderance of prob-
ability, 359; fallacious arguments
from, 361; argument from sign
opposed by that from, 376; argu-
ment from, combined with that
from sign and from example, 376;
place in arrangement of proof, 383.
Anti-climax, examples of, 194;
when effective, 195.
Antique, 23.
Antithesis, defined, 188; force and
clearness often gained by, 188; ex-
amples of, 189; Burke's use of,
190; excesses in the use of, 191;
useful in exposition, 324.
Anxious seat, on the, 12.
Aphorisms, 289.
Apparently, Evidently, distinguished,
Appreciate, for rise in value, 12.
Approve of, 20.
Arabic, words from the, 27.
Archaic expressions, when permis
sible, 9-10.
Ardor, 115.
Argue, Plead, distinguished, 40.
Arguing beside the point, 344, 346-
349.
Arguing in a circle, 344.
Argument, Plea, distinguished, 40.
Argument, discriminated from other
kinds of composition, 247; chap
ter on, 327-400: distinguished
from exposition, 327; in the form
of exposition, 327; prepared for
ness, 21.
Artiste, 28, 29.
Artistic description, 254-280: aim
and method of, 254; emotion in,
256-262; the pathetic fallacy, 257;
resources of, 262; telling character
istics, 262; one well-chosen word,
268; effect that suggests cause,
270; words that suggest motion,
271; in narrative form, 275.
As, pleonastic, 158.
As an accessory, preferable to ac-
cessorily, 22.
As lief, 5, 23.
Ascend up, 20.
by exposition, 328; proposition | Artificiality, preferable to artificial-
and proof, 328-331; a word not a
subject for, 328; which proves too
much, 330; ironical, 331; burden of
proof and presumption, 331-333;
evidence, 334-341; deduction and
induction, 341-353; antecedent
probability, example, sign, 354-
379; experience the basis of all,
379; arrangement, 379-385; per-
suasion, 386-399; examples of,
399. See Antecedent probability,
Deduction, Example, Fallacies, In-
duction, Persuasion, Sign, Testi-
mony.
Argumentative examples, distin-
guished from illustrative, 361;
vary in force, 363.
Arguments, strength of combined,
376-379; order of, 383.
Argumentum ad hominem, 347, 386.
Argumentum ad populum, 347.
ARISTIDES, 361.
Aristocratic, preferable to aristo-
cratical, 21.
Aristotle, 112, 118, 330, 341, 357,
366.
Arméd, 10.
ARNOLD, MATTHEW, 10, 32, 36, 56,
57, 151, 163, 169, 202, 225, 229,
255, 322, 326, 355, 370, 387, 400.
Aroma, 99.
Around, round usually preferable
to, 21.
Arrangement, 177-246: the ideal,
177; clearness in, 177-183; force
in, 184-198; ease in, 198-208; for-
eign, 204-208; "Johnsonese," 205;
theories of Bentham and Spencer
concerning, 207; unity in, 208-
216; in sentences of different
kinds, 216-230; in paragraphs,
230-238; in whole compositions,
239-246; in exposition, 314; in
argument, 379-385: importance of
good, 380; order of proposition
and proof, 381, of arguments from
antecedent probability, example,
sign, 383; place for refutation,
384. See Clearness, Ease, Force,
Kinds of sentences, Paragraphs,
Unity, Whole compositions.
Art, 99.
Articles, omission of, 146,
Assist, for be present, 43.
Association of ideas, arguments based
on, 354, 373-375.
Associations with words of Anglo-
Saxon origin and with those of
Latin, 98, 101–102.
Assumption not argument, 346.
Assurance, Insurance, 19.
"Athenæum (the), 46, 49, 284,
376.
Athletics, Games, 2, 3.
"Atlantic Monthly" (the), 119, 131,
Atmosphere, 77.
Attain to, 20.
Attar (of roses), 27.
Attention, 115.
ATTERBURY, BISHOP, 375.
Audible to the ear, 154.
August, 101.
AUSTEN, JANE, 29, 67, 120, 134,
181, 182, 206, 215, 285, 289,
298.
Authenticity, preferable to authen-
ticalness, 21.
Authority, evidence derived from,
Autobiography, his own, 154.
Aversion, preferable to averseness,
Avocation, distinguished from voca
tion, 39; wrongly used, 44, 70.
Aware, Conscious, distinguished, 18.
Awfully, 75.
Awfully pretty, 75.
Awkward arrangement, 202-206.
Awkward squad, 10.
Axe, for ask, 13, 26.
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