eat with them, for they had been to a little extra trouble to get rations for the officers. I left him and passed on. The next man I met was Knaggs. He was in a terrible rage, as mad as a hatter. I said: 'Knaggs, what is up?' He said the boys of my company had stolen five or six swarms of his bees, all his ducks and chickens, all his decanters, tumblers, with three or four casks of liquor out of his bar, and what else, God only knew. He said he would soon find them out and have them brought to justice. I said to him it could not have been my men, for they would not disobey my orders, especially after giving the charge. I did last night, and which he heard. 'It cannot be possible,' said I; 'but I will have the roll called after breakfast, and put them in line and have them examined by Major Slingerland and yourself. I will also be present, and if we find any who show signs of guilt, I will have him dealt with severely by a court-martial.' This seemed to satisfy the old man for the time being. Very soon we were called to breakfast, and found that the quartermaster had made ample preparations, as the following bill of fare will indicate: Roast beef, roast pork, ducks, chickens, turkeys, geese, butter, honey, wheat bread and coffee, of the first quality, were all among the eatables. I asked the boys how they got all these extra rations. The only answer given to the major and myself was, that the commissary had furnished them. That officer being present, we questioned him. He said he did furnish a part or the whole of them, and plead in justification that the territory was rich and could afford her fighting men good rations. I related to him the charges made by Knaggs to myself. He said he would clear the company from all such charges, 'for,' said he, 'the militia have encamped near another tavern, about one mile above us, and they were caught stealing honey and chickens and had even killed a fine ox that was owned by the tavernkeeper.' I said that did not excuse the men under my command. If any of them were found guilty, the major and myself would certainly have them punished severely. At that moment Major Knaggs came in, and to my great surprise accused my men of stealing his honey, poultry, etc. He said the proof was plain enough, for they might he seen on the table. The commissary stated that he bought the beef, pork and other eatables yesterday, and he could prove it by Hatch, the teamster for our company. Hatch said the commissary had stated the facts, and further stated that he had been up to the other camp and had King and a number of others up for stealing honey and other things, including ducks and beef. This rather cooled Knaggs down somewhat, but said he would not be satisfied until I had the company in line and have them all examined. I was entirely willing and even anxious that his desire should be complied with. I, of course, wanted to clear the boys, if not guilty, and was willing to do anything for them I could as their chief officer. So I ordered James Welch, my orderly, to form the company into two ranks, open file of three feet space, giving the major a good chance to examine each man. He commenced on the right of the company and all went well until we came to one of the corporals, by the name of Wicoff. I noticed that his left arm and chest were badly swollen, the arm was a size or two larger than the other. Knaggs at that moment came up, and said we had at last got the right chap. I asked Wicoff what the matter was with his arm, and what meant that swollen face, and what the cause of his excessive rotundity of person just at this time. He said he was detailed yesterday to guard the baggage wagon, with four others detailed for the same purpose under me. I became tired of riding on horseback, and tied my horse to the teamster's wagon and got onto the load with him; the wheels suddenly falling into a deep rut, I was thrown from the wagon and struck my face and left arm, causing

extreme pain and enormous swelling of my chest. In fact, it came near killing me.' I said to him, 'I for one, give credit to your statement; but I fear the major will require you to prove it.' 'I do,' said Knaggs. I then called an orderly Welch-to inform me whether Wicoff was detailed as he said. He said he was. Hatch, the teamster, being questioned, corroborated Wicoff's story. The four men who were detailed with him stated the same thing. This satisfied Knaggs. So the coast was now clear, and we finished the rear rank, finding no further evidence of disorderly conduct and the matter ended satisfactorily to Knaggs. 'About that time, Captain Crane's detachment came past, bringing reports that the militia were stealing everything they could lay their hands on. So my company got clear for this time and were ordered by Maj. Slingerland to mount and proceed forthwith to Monroe, which order was promptly obeyed. We arrived there about noon, and took our dinner in the court-house square. The dinner consisted of the remains of the rations furnished by the commissary the day before, as I have stated, except the contents of Major Knaggs's bar.

-a

"The men, the night before, by an order of the commissary respectable man of Detroit, appointed by Gov. Mason-ordered a guard of eight men to draw from Knaggs' bar its contents and start business down by the side of the River Raisin. They obeyed orders and deposited the liquor in a still place in the river, and there it lay safely until the next morning and then it was carefully taken up out of the river, placed in one of the baggage wagons and conveyed to Monroe, where the commissary dealt it out to the men for their grog rations at their dinner. Knaggs followed on the trail; but he was not any wiser, for he never found out about the liquor. Major Slingerland took the commissary in hand about the matter, but could get no satisfaction further than that he had given Knaggs an order on the territory for an amount that would cover the value of his liquor. So ended that chapter.

"From Monroe we were ordered to proceed immediately to the disputed territory on the line that divided us from Ohio. We arrived there on the evening of the day we left Monroe. On arriving there our company formed a line in front of a tavern. The quartermaster went into the house to secure quarters for the officers and stabling for the horses. The landlord drove him out, not with the point of a bayonet, but with an axe and ordered us from the premises, calling us rebels and traitors to the country. He said he would have the regular army called out to defend him and his property. But it was of no use to resist the invincible host from the Wolverine state.

"Orders were given, however, as usual, to respect the man's property, and our army was ordered to pitch their tents in the most convenient place that could be found. A strong guard was stationed to keep off the enemy and protect ourselves. The officers found quarters in the house and the commissary furnished abundant rations for the officers, men and horses, from the landlord's cattle yards, roosts and granaries, all, of course, in accordance with army regulations. The landlord and his family were put under guard, lest they should pass through our lines into the territory of our enemies and thus frustrate the grand objects and designs of our government, for we were aware of the fact that should the Buckeye be notified of our extreme weakness (only one hundred and fifty strong), they might make a Bull Run advance on us and use us up. Capt. A. D. Crane, with his Dexter braves and another company, were too far in the rear to give us immediate aid, and we had to do the best we could under the circumstances.

"We kept our enemies under heavy guard that night. A picket guard was ordered out. A scouting party was also sent out. In the

morning the scouts returned with the cheering news that it was all quiet at the front. They also reported that they were very fortunate in capturing many of our enemies. But I was so unfortunate as not to see any of the captured men. What a night that was for us poor officers and soldiers. Think of the blood that was shed and the awful carnage that followed such a terrible war. The fatigue resulting from our long marches was, of course, almost intolerable. The terrible conflicts with our foes, how they loom up in history. After this fearful night, we breakfasted on the remains of beef, chickens and honey, provided by our commissary the day before.

"We were soon ordered to mount and march in close columns, lest some of our men might straggle off and be gobbled up by the enemy. We were now in the enemies country, and orders came from Major Slingerland, to make Toledo our headquarters, that being the place where our governor had made his headquarters. In due time we arrived there and made our report to the adjutant-general. We soon went into camp upon the farm of Major Stickney of the Ohio militia. He was grit to the back-bone. He threatened summary vengeance upon our men if they were so presumptuous as to put a finger upon anything belonging to him. But his threat availed nothing with our invincibles. His barn was filled with hay and grain of all kinds. Our worn-out horses gratefully acknowledged the kindness of our quartermaster in the ample provisions made for their wants, and with appetites almost unparalleled in the annals of war, resulting from long marches and short feed, they stowed away large quantities of the major's fodder, not thinking, I suppose, of the awful threats of the owner.

"While the men were engaged in removing the major's fodder from his barns to our camp, he with his rebel horde, consisting of about twenty men and boys, fell upon our men with pistols, pitchforks, clubs, and other deadly weapons, but our brave boys feeling the importance of the great work before them, were invincible, and had but little trouble in keeping the rebels at bay. When one portion of our formidable army became fatigued, another force would be employed. This kind of skirmishing was kept up for a whole week, each day, until the major's forage was used up.

"During all this time our army was duly drilled, with scouts in the country to report the probable strength of the enemy. The reports were duly forwarded to headquarters by orderlies who were on duty day and night, and it is not yet known how many horses were killed in the great haste to give information to the commander-in-chief. This was all important, as it was feared that unless constant dispatches were conveyed to our army, the rebels would surprise us and annihilate our entire force. Thus we defended our beautiful country. But soon an adjustment of the matter was effected and our army returned to their homes and their disconsolate families, without the loss of a single man or an ounce of human blood. But notwithstanding our bravery and the immense suffering from long and frequent marches our government has entirely forgotten us in the bestowment of pensions either in money or lands.'

CONTRIBUTION TO BROWN'S ARMY

The contribution of Monroe county to the army of General Brown was the Second regiment of infantry, with the following officers comprising the field and staff; Warner Wing, colonel; Apulus Brown, major; Wm. M. Smith, surgeon; Lewis E. Bailey, adjutant; Almon S. White, quartermaster. The company commanders consisted of Captain George W. Darrah, Joseph Moross, Gabriel Bissonette, Herman A.

Spaulding, Noyes Wadsworth, John Bradford. A company of lighthorse was also enlisted in Monroe of which the following were officers: captain, Joseph Wood; first lieutenant, James McBride; second lieutenant, B. Hotchkiss; cornet, Stephen B. Crego. The aggregate number of troops was 1160, whose pay amounted to $13, 638.76. Naturally, the county contiguous to the contested territory was in a state of commotion and excitement during the period of active preliminary action. and were daily expecting an outbreak of hostilities, the end of which or the results, none could foretell.

Many of the incidents of the campaign partake of the ludicrous. Michigan had a sort of skeleton in her own closet in the shape of a "claim of Lewis E. Bailey of Monroe, for a horse lost in the service of the state while acting as adjutant in defending the supremacy of the laws." Year after year, from 1836 to 1846, this claim was regularly presented and as regularly rejected, until in the latter year it dawned upon the minds of the legislators that it might be as well to pay $50 and interest from January 1, 1836, as to waste time and printing, enough to pay for an entire regiment of horses; they capitulated after the siege which lasted longer than that of Troy.

MICHIGAN REJECTS OLIVE BRANCH

Acting Governor Mason, refused to agree to the proposition of Messrs. Rush and Howard. He claimed that although congress had the power to change the boundary and give a portion of her territory to Ohio, yet as her boundary was then defined, she had the right of possession and jurisdiction, and having acquired peaceable possession under the original act of congress, creating the territory of Michigan, he would not compromise the rights of his people by a surrender of possession.

Governor Lucas, on the urgent request of the commissioners, and Mr. Whittlesey, agreed, reluctantly, to accept the propositions as a peaceable settlement of the difficulty until congress should settle it; or rather until after "the close of the next session of congress. Gov. Mason refused to acquiesce in the propositions. Gov. Lucas assented to them, regarding the governor of a territory in the condition of a subaltern, subject to the control of the President. He looked upon the arrangement, as made with the President, through Messrs. Rush and Howard as his representatives as binding upon him, and disbanded the military force he had collected. Gov. Mason partially followed but still continued making preparations for any emergency that might arise.

Gov. Lucas now thought he could run and re-mark the Harris Line without serious molestation from the authorities of Michigan and directed the commissioners to proceed with the work.

S. Dodge, an engineer on the Ohio canal, had been engaged as surveyor to run the line. He addressed the following letter to Samuel Forrer, one of the canal commissioners of Ohio:

"MAUMEE, April 11, 1835. SAMUEL FORRER, Esq., DEAR SIR:We were assured a short time since, by Messrs. Rush & Howard, that no resistance would be made by Michigan. It is now evident that there will be trouble, and the governor of Ohio will not be able to accomplish the running of the line without calling out a strong military force. This cannot be done without first convening the general assembly in order to make the necessary appropriations. We shall start tomorrow for the northwestern corner of the state; and the next time you hear from me, I shall probably inform you that I am at Monroe, the headquarters of Gen. Brown. Gen. Brown was yesterday at Toledo at the

head of the sheriff's posse of one hundred armed men. They came for the purpose of arresting those who have accepted office under the state of Ohio. He informed me that any attempt to run the line would be resisted by the whole force of the territory. That they had three hundred men under arms at Monroe and six hundred more would soon be there; that they have fifteen hundred stands of arms taken from the United States arsenal at White Pigeon. That they did not mean to be rode over rough shod by Ohio. It was replied that Ohio had not as yet put on her rough shoes, and would not unless they made it necessary, and that the line would certainly be run.

"The Governor of Ohio started on the 8th inst. for Defiance, and is entirely unprepared to meet the forces of Michigan. What course he will pursue I do not know. Our party consists of fifteen or twenty unarmed men; and if we proceed we shall certainly be made prisoners, there not being sufficient number to prevent surprise; I think the expedition will be delayed. The state of Ohio is affording no protection to the people on the disputed territory further than through the civil authority. And those who have accepted office have been forced to retreat. The Governor has power to call out the militia but has no funds to sustain them. "Yours Truly,

WASHINGTON AGAIN UPHOLDS MICHIGAN

"S. DODGE."

President Jackson applied to the Attorney general for his official opinion in regard to his powers over the parties. After refering to the two acts passed by Michigan and Ohio in Feburary in regard to jurisdiction; he replied: "The Acting Governor of the Territory of Michigan has issued orders to Brigadier General Brown of the Militia of the territory, intrusting him with discretionary powers to order each brigade of such militia into actual service so soon as the emergency requires it; and commanding him to arrest the commissioners of Ohio the moment they stick the first stake in the soil of Michigan. In anticipation that the Governor of Ohio may order a militia force to sustain the commissioners of Ohio, General Brown is further commanded 'the moment he may learn that a military force of any description ordered out by the authorities of Ohio, is about to approach the disputed territory, to place himself, with a sufficient force of a like character, on the ground in dispute, and to fire upon the first military officer, or man who persists in crossing the boundary line, as at present claimed by Michigan, with any hostile intention, or disposition and determination to prevent his execution of the previous orders!' The laws thus passed by the State and Territorial legislatures, are equally irrepealable by the President. It is true that the congress has the power to annul any law in the territory, but until so annulled it will be obligatory and binding, on all persons within the limits of the territory, unless repugnant to the Constitution of the United States, or to the Acts of Congress applicable to the territory. The State of Michigan does not appear to me to be liable to any such objection, and I must therefore deem it a valid law."

OHIO BOUNDARY COMMISSIONERS ROUTED

Notwithstanding the views or opinions of the authorities at Washington, the Ohio Commissioners proceeded to run the line, commencing at the northwest corner of the state. Governor Brown sent scouts through the woods, to watch their movements, and report when they found them running the line. When the surveying party had got within the County of Lenawee, the under sheriff of that county with a warrant and posse