He was intimately conversant with the writings of the fathers, and of the philosophers of that and the preceding times. His modesty and humility were singular. No man was ever more studious to preserve peace in the church of Christ, nor more highly relished the pleasures of learned and religious friendship. For some time before his decease, it pleased GOD to deprive him of his eye-sight: For it seems to be the meaning of the excellent Melchior Adam; from whom is borrowed much of the preceding

account.

His WORKS, which, with his Letters and some other small pieces included, are divided into 9 tomes, were collected and published, by his executors, some years after his death; and are usually bound together in 3 vols. folio. His admirable treatise on Predestination has been translated into English by Mr Toplady. He was twice married, and had several children; none of which appear to have survived him.

JAMES ANDREAS.

THIS famous Lutheran divine, of the sixteenth century, was born at Waibling, in the Duchy of Wirtemberg, on the twenty-fifth of March, 1528. His pa rents, being poor, intended to bring him up to some me ́chanical business, and had agreed with a carpenter for that purpose; but several persons of distinction, having discovered in him the marks of a promising genius, contributed to support him in the prosecution of his studies: He was accordingly educated under Alexander Marcoleon, and in a short space acquired a competent knowledge of the Latin and Greek, together with logic and rhetoric. In 1541, he was sent to Tubing, where he took his degree of bachelor of arts two years after; and, having finished his course of philosophy in 1545, he became master of arts. In 1546, he was appointed minister of the church of Stutgard, the metropolis of the duchy of Wirtemberg; but, upon the publication of the Interm, he was obliged to return to Tubing, where he performed the duty of minister. In 1553, he took his degree of doctor in divinity,

and

and was appointed pastor of the church of Gopping, and superintendant of the neighbouring churches. In 1557, he went to the diet of Ratisbon with Christopher duke of Wirtemberg, and was appointed one of the secretaries at the conference of Worms between the papists and the divines of the Augustan confession. The same year he published his first work, De cæna Domini, "of the Lord's "supper." In 1558, he wrote a reply to Staphylus's book against Luther. In 1559, he was sent to Augsburg, where the diet of the empire was held. In 1561, he was sent to Paris, to be present at the conference of Poissi, but it broke up before he came thither. Upon this return, he was appointed chancellor and rector of the university of Tubing. In 1565, he was invited to establish a church at Hagenaw, an imperial city, where he preached several sermons upon the principal points of the Christian religion, which were afterwards printed. In 1568, he assisted Julius, duke of Brunswick, in reforming his churches. In 1569, he took a journey to Heidelberg, Brunswick, and Denmark.

In 1570, he went to Misnia and Prague, where the emperor Maximilian II. had a conversation with him upon an agreement in religion. In 1573, he was sent to Memming, an imperial town, to stop the progress of the Zuinglian doctrine, propagated by Eusebius Cleber; who being admonished by Andreas, before the senate, and continuing inflexible, was removed from his ministry. He went afterwards to Lindaw, an imperial town upon the Maine, where he had a conference with Tobias Rupius, minister of that church, who had embraced the tenets of Flaccius Illyricus, and confuted him before the senate and all the people. In the beginning of the year 1576, he was sent for by Philip Lewis, count palatine of the Rhine, to consult upon ecclesiastical affairs: And, by the magistrates of Ratisbon, to determine a dispute between the ministers of that church and the senate, concerning excommunication. While he was absent upon these affairs, Augustus, elector of Saxony, wrote letters to Lewis, duke of Wirtemberg, to desire the assistance of Andreas; because he found that the divines of Wirtemberg had introduced the Zuinglian doctrines, and propagated them among the youth. Andreas therefore went to Torgau in April following, and was pre sent at the assembly of divines held there, to settle a form of agreement, and put an end to the disputes which were raised in different parts. To this assembly the elector had likewise invited several other eminent divines, who wrote in conjunction a book, which was afterwards revised at VOL. II:

Bergens

Bergen. Andreas was sent by the elector of Saxony, upon the same account, to Julius, duke of Brunswick, Lewis, landgrave of Hesse, and George, marquis of Brandenburg. In 1586, he was engaged in a conference, at Mompelgard, with Theodore Beza, concerning the Lord's supper, the person of Christ, predestination, baptism, the reformation of the popish churches, and other things; but this had the usual event of all other conferences, which, though designed, as Thuanus observes, to put an end to disputes in divinity, are often the occasion of still greater. In 1587, he was sent to Nordling on church affairs; and, on his return, fell sick, and published his confession of faith, to obviate the imputations of his adversaries : But he afterwards recovered, and was sent for again to Ratisbon, and then to Onolsbach, by Frederick, marquis of Brandenburg. Upon the publications of the conference at Mompelgard abovementioned, he was accused of having falsely imputed some things to Beza, which the latter had never asserted; he therefore went to Bern, to clear himself of the charge. His last public act was a conference at Baden, in November, 1589, with John Pistorius.

By

When he found death drawing near, he made a declaration to several of his friends, concerning his constancy in the faith which he had preached, and published, for forty-four years. When his physician inquired of him how he found himself? He answered, "nothing separated from my God." Soon afterwards hearing the clock strike, he asked what hour it was? And upon being told it was six, he added, "My hour shall "soon draw near." He used many edifying expressions to those about him, and declared great thankfulness to his gracious GOD and Saviour for his manifold mercies to his body and soul. At length, he breathed out his soul with this sentence; Into thy hands, O Lord, I commend my Spirit! is departure was on the seventh of January, 1590, in the sixty-second year of his age. The following character is given him by Melchior Adam. . He was, (says this Author), an excellent preacher, had an easy of manner of instructing the people, and delivered the most obscure points in such a perspicuous style, that they were understood by the generality of the audience. When he exhorted them to the reformation of their lives, or ' remonstrated against sin, he made use of great energy of language and elevation of voice, being extremely well qualified both by nature and art for moving the passions; and when there was occasion for it, his elo"quence

quence was forcible like thunder, and he spoke with such vehemence that he would sweat all over his body, ' even in the midst of winter. In executing the several branches of his duty, he spared no labour, and was deterred by no fatigue. He was perpetually engaged in 'composing some work or other, or in writing letters, upon various subjects, to persons of all ranks who con'sulted him: These things he dispatched with admirable ' quickness and success. There was hardly a day passed, but he gave advice to several persons; being always ready to gratify those who solicited his assistance. He was in great favour with some princes and men of the highest rank, his conversation being very agreeable and facetious. He had a warm zeal for the religion which he professed, and was extremely sorry whenever he 'heard that any person had abandoned it.'

He wrote a great number of Books; the most remarkable of which was his book "On Concord ;" and some Treatises he had wrote upon the "Ubiquity of Christ." He laboured much and strove long for concord; but he might have taken up the words of the Psalmist, and said, "My soul is among lions, and I lie even among them that "are set on fire, even the sons of men, whose teeth are “spears and arrows, and their TONGUE a sharp sword," Psal. Ivii. 4. He fared as people do, who interpose between combatants,-gets blows from both sides, and be thanked by neither. His reward was not from men, but from HIM, who hath a particular blessing for the peace

makers.

By his excellent and affectionate wife, he had no less than eighteen children, nine of whom survived him.

THOMAS COOPER,

BISHOP OF WINCHESTER.

THOMAS COOPER, a learned English bishop, was born at

Oxford, about the year 1517, and educated in grammar learning in the school adjoining to St Mary Magdalen-college, of which, having made a great progress, and gained a high reputation, he was elected first demi, then probationer in the year 1639, and perpetual fellow the

year after. He quitted his fellowship in the year 1546, being then married, as it is supposed; and when Q. Mary came to the crown, applied himself to the study of physic, and taking a bachelor's degree, practised in that faculty at Oxford. He did this, because he was secretly inclined to the Protestant religion; and therefore, upon the death of that queen, returned to his former study of divinity. Upon the eighteenth of March, 1566-7, he took a doctor of divinity's degree, and about that time was made dean of Christ-church in Oxford. In 1569, he was made dean of Gloucester, and the year after bishop of Lincoln. Upon the twenty-seventh of July, 1572, he preached a sermon at St Paul's Cross, in vindication of the Church of England, and its liturgy; to which an answer was sent him by a disaffected person, which answer Mr Strype hath printed at length in his Annals of the Reformation. In the year 1577, the queen sent him a letter to put a stop to those public exercises, called prophesyings, in his diocese. These prophesyings were grounded upon 1 Cor. xiv. 31. Ye may all prophesy all prophesy one by one, that all may learn, and all may be comforted. They were set on foot in several parts of the kingdom about the year 1571; and consisted of conferences among the clergy, for the better improving of themselves, and one another, in the knowledge of scripture and divinity; but in 1577 were generally suppressed, on account of their being thought seminaries of puritanism. In the year 1584, he was translated to the bishopric of Winchester; which diocese abounding greatly with Papists, he petitioned the privy-council to suppress them, and among other methods proposed, "that an hundred or two of ob"stinate recusants, lusty men, well able to labour, might "by some convenient commission be taken up, and be "sent into Flanders as pioneers and labourers, whereby "the country should be disburdened of a company of dangerous people, and the rest that remained be put in some fear."

This reverend and holy Bishop, as Mr Wood calls him, upon the discovery of William Parry's treason, put out an order of prayer and thanksgiving for the preservation of the queen's life and safety, to be used in the diocese of Winchester; and on the seventeenth of November, 1588, preached at St Paul's Cross, that being a day of public thanksgiving, as well for the queen's accession to the throne, as for the victory obtained over the Spanish armada. He died at Winchester upon the twenty-ninth of April, 1594, and was buried in the cathedral there.