concerning their welfare, whereby we should at once give up what we have for so many ages derived from our ancestors, and what we have indeavour'd to preserve with so great an expence of blood and treasure; and so much the rather, in respect this present Parliament hath not, nor doth claim anything of this nature within the kingdom of Scotland, nor put any such construction upon the Covenant or Treaties, in relation to the kingdom of Scotland. And how far this is, not only from the intent, but from the very words of the Covenant, we shall presently make more fully appear."

Having entered at great length into the subject (for the Answer consists of sixty-seven printed pages of small quarto), we have the following appeal to the sister kingdom :

"Let us both act for the commou good of both, and each injoy our particular rights, such union is strong and will be lasting but where one gaineth upon the particular rights of the other, and then argueth that he must keep it, and the other bear it; To avoid dis-union, such arguments are not to be often used, and such attempts are to be forborn, lest they make a breach in brotherly union, which God forbid.

"But we are confident the right of the kingdom of England will be acknowledged, and we possessed of it, and we shall make it appear how little cause there is for those groundless insinuations in your speeches and papers, as if the Parliament of England were averse from their ancient and fundamental government, by King, Lords, and Commons, which we had thought the Declaration of the House of Commons of the seventeenth of April, 1646, sufficiently cleared to the whole world, or that they were not as really forward as any for the procurement of a safe and well-grounded peace, which is the greatest and chiefest of our desires; and it will be manifest to the judgments and consciences of all, That as we really indeavoured the good of the King and both kingdoms, so shall we constantly and faithfully persevere in those endeavours, not doubting, but upon our sincere performing our Covenant and Treaties, the blessing of God will so accompany us, as there will be a most sweet and brotherly agreement between the nations, and such a conclusion as will be pleasing to God, and wherein both kingdoms shall find great comfort and happiness.”

He was elected member for Scarbro', Jan. 27th, 1658-9; and when, on April 22nd of the same year, Richard Cromwell resigned the Protectorate, after holding it for little more than seven months, Thomas Chaloner was chosen one of the Council of State for the Restoration of the Commonwealth.

At "the glorious Restoration" of that worthless libertine, "his most sacred Majesty King Charles the Second,*" Thomas

*In the dedication to the "fourth and last part" of CLEMENT WALKER'S History of Independency, published in 1660, this "most dread sovereign" is

Chaloner was one of the regicides excepted from pardon both as to life and estate. The extract I have just given, however, is one of many proofs, that it was never intended by the Commonwealthsmen, either to injure the person of the king, or to abolish monarchy, until the evil advice of "divine right" men and his own perfidy rendered that course necessary: just as the people of the American Plantations never dreamt of a Declaration of Independence and the formation of their trulygreat Republic, until George the Third and his satellites attempted, by force of arms, to deprive them of the few liberties they possessed. When will the world learn, that the true Reformer and the true Conservative are one and the same, and not dependent on the colour of a ribbon or the name of a party? He is the real Revolutionist and Father of Anarchy, who opposes all gradual and timely changes, by attempting to dam up the ever-onward river of Progress, until the accumulated waters burst their embankments, sweeping alike friend and foe to destruction.

styled: "The sacred majesty of Great Britain's monarch. The triumphant son of a most glorious father, who was in all things more than conqueror. The illustrious offspring of a royal train of ancient princes. Charles the Second of that name, entitled Pious by the sole Providence of an Almighty hand; of England, Scotland, France, and Ireland, King, Defender of the Faith. Restorer of the English Church to its pristine state and glory. Patron of Law and Liberty, not to be seconded by any but himself, who is the best of kings, and of all virtue to the world the grand exemplar." I should have liked to have watched the fine countenance of the then blind John Milton when this fulsome dedication was read to him,-perhaps by that Elizabeth Minshull who the same year became his third wife,-or mayhap by his pupil, Thomas Ellwood the quaker, who is known to have been one of those who often read to the patriot poet after he had lost his precious eye-sight.

JAMES CHALONER, THE COMMONWEALTHSMAN.

James Chaloner was the fourth son of Sir Thomas Chaloner the Younger, and brother to the Edward Chaloner, D. D., and Thomas Chaloner, M. P., just noticed. He was recruiter for Aldborough in the Long Parliament, and was chosen one of the king's judges; but his name is not among the signatures to Charles's death-warrant. He married Ursula, sister of Sir William Fairfax, of Steeton, the knight who wasslain at the siege of Montgomery Castle in 1644, and who had married Chaloner's sister Frances. He died in 1649, leaving one son and three daughters, the eldest of whom, Mariana, became the wife of Richard Braithwaite, of Warcop, in Westmoreland.

James Chaloner, the Commonwealthsman, is the author of the Description of the Isle of Man, published in the original edition of King's Vale Royal, though some have erroneously attributed it to another James Chaloner, a native of Chester, but I cannot, at present, present my readers with an extract.

REV. HENRY FOULIS, B. D.

"Wild controversy then, which long had slept,
Into the press from ruined cloisters leapt."

DRYDEN.

"His writings display a much greater portion of genius and learning, than of Christian candour and moderation: he enters keenly into the spirit of the party whose cause he espoused, to whom therefore his works were highly acceptable."-YOUNG'S History of Whitby.

One of the best-read and most skilful controversial writers of the seventeenth century, was the Rev. Henry Foulis, B. D., who was born at Ingleby Manor near Stokesley, and baptized April 5th, 1635. He was the second son of Sir Henry Foulis, Bart., by his wife, Mary, the eldest daughter of Sir Thomas Layton, of Sexhow, near Stokesley, knight. His early years were spent partly at Ingleby Manor and partly in Scotland; and be was afterwards sent to Queen's College, Oxford, where he took the degree of M. A. In 1659, he was elected fellow of Lincoln College; but, though he had taken holy orders, he preferred the press to the pulpit, and, in 1662, he published The History of the Wicked Plots and Conspiracies of our Pretended Saints: Representing the Beginning, Constitution, and Design of the Jesuite: With the Conspiracies, Rebellions, Schisms, Hypocrisie, Perjury, Sacriledge, Seditions, and Vilefying humour of some Presbyterians: Proved by a Series of Authentick Examples, as they have been acted in Great Britain, from the beginning of that Faction to this Time. By Henry Foulis, Mr. of Arts, and Fellow of Lincoln Colledge in Oxford. London: Printed by E. Cotes, for A. Seile over against St. Dunstans-Church in Fleetstreet. M.DC.LXII.* The book,

The second edition bears the imprint:-Oxford: Printed by Hen: Hall for Ric. Davis M.DC.LXXIV." It does not contain the dedication, though Sir David and the Lady Catharine Foulis were both living; but the Author had ended his days in the prime of his years," as his friend, ANTHONY A WOOD, observes," occasioned by a generous and good-natured intemperance."

which is a small folio of 247 pages, contains the following dedication:

"To his Loving Brother Sr. David Foulis Baronet, of Ingleby-Mannor in Cleaveland, in the North-Riding of Yorkshire.

"Dear Brother, and Madam,

"If it had not been the Custome, to eeke out every Pamphlet, with some Dedicatory Paper; I should have done, as some people do with their Brats, let them lie to the Patronage of any, that would take them up. For I could never yet understand, the Advantage of the Common Cry, viz the craving and desiring Protection: since a Good Book is its own patronage; and no man will have a better opinion of the Bad, for a few Epistolary lines to a Third person; Especially of late Times, when I have known some Presbyterians dedicate Wickedness it self to God Almighty, Treason to the King, Sacriledge and Schism to Bishops, and the worst of Villanies to Good Men.

Though I love good Company, yet me thinks there is no Perfect Enjoyment, with those, whose Greatness is rather an Awe than Society to the rest; where Flattery is an obligation, though the Object merit nothing but Pity or Scorn.

"But here the Case is altered, the Neerness of Relation, Familiarity and Acquaintance, making all Commendations, Ridiculous; and Complements, Odious. Which is the Reason, that, at This Time, your Names are here perfixt, by

"Lin. Coll. Oxford,

"23 April, 1662."

"Your ever loving Brother,
"HEN. FOULIS."

Though his father, Sir Henry Foulis, had been lieutenantgeneral of horse under Sir Thomas Fairfax, and his uncle, Robert Foulis, was a colonel in the parliamentary army, our author fights furiously with his pen for the cause of royalty against that of the commonwealth, emptying his inkhorn plenteously on the heads of the then prostrate and gagged enemies of kingly tyranny and prelatical pride. For the Lord Protector had been dragged from his peaceful grave in Westminster Abbey, hung on the gallows at Tyburn, then the noble head stuck on a pole at Westminster, whilst the remainder of the body was rudely thrust into a hole at the foot of the gallows, to gratify the miserable revenge of the royal debauchee to whom false priests were wickedly paying homage as to the Lord's anointed; whilst scurrilous scribblers were doing their best to render the names of all the great Commonwealthsmen blacker than the ink with which they wrote,-well-knowing that poor blind John Milton, Andrew Marvel, and the rest, must bear it all patiently, until God, in His own good time, should see