crown disappeared with its gorgeous support, and "But his name liveth evermore," token of reverence for the departed chief. It is rendered in solemn silence. It closes the procession, with the exception only that the carriages of the Sovereign here most appropriately follow. Arrived in the Cathedral, the Times says, it is impossible to give an idea of the simple and magnificently bold proportions of this great Christian temple. The decorations are befitting the occasion, and in that temple is congregated the genius, nobility, and statesmanship of England, besides the representatives of foreign nations. At length there was a universal hush, and, as if moved by one mind, the whole of the vast assemblage stood up in respectful grief as the from Handel's Funeral Anthem, was then most coffin which contained the remains of the great effectively performed by the choir. And then Duke appeared in sight, preceded by the choir Garter King at Arms standing over the vault prowith measured tread as theychanted the beginning claimed the titles and orders of the deceased. of the burial service by Dr. Croft. When the Then the late Duke's controller having broken coffin was borne in, the wind stirred the feathers in pieces his staff of office in the household, handof the Marshal's hat placed upon the lid, and pro-ed it to the Garter King at Arms, who cast the duced an indescribably sorrowful effect, in giving pieces into the vault. The choir and chorus sang an air of light and playful life to that where all the hymn, "Sleepers Awake!" and the Bishop was dead. And thus, with the hoarse roar of of London standing by the side of the Lord the multitude without as they saw their last of Chancellor, pronounced the blessing, which conArthur Duke of Wellington, with the grand and cluded the ceremony. touching services of our church sounding solemnly through the arched domes and aisles of the noble church, with the glistening eye and hushed breath of many a gallant as well as of many a gentle soul in that vast multitude-with the bell tolling solemnly the knell of the departed, taken up by the voice of the distant cannon, amid the quiet waving of bannerol and flag, surrounded by all the greatness of the land-with all the pomp and glories of heraldic achievement, escutcheon, and MESSIEURS-The new reign which you this day device-his body was borne up St. Paul's. At 1.40 inaugurate, derives not its origin, as so many others the coffin was slid off the moveable carriage in recorded in history have done, in violence, from which it had been conveyed up the nave to the conquest, or fraud. It is what you have just deframe in the centre of the area under the dome,clared it, the legal result of the will of the whole which, as our readers have been informed, was placed almost directly over the tomb of Nelson, which lies in the crypt below. The marshal's hat and sword of the deceased were removed from the coffin, and in their place a ducal coronet on a velvet cushion was substituted. ers. And thus was buried with all state and honor the great Duke of Wellington. Empire was made at the Hotel De Ville, at 10, FRANCE.-The formal proclamation of the M., and after the votes were counted and the result was announced, the Emperor addressed the Chambers as follows: people who consolidate in common that which they had founded in the midst of agitation. I am penetrated with gratitude towards the nation, which three times in four years sustained me by its suffrages, and each time has only augmented its majority to increase my power, but the more The foreign marshals and generals stood at the that power increases in extent and vital power, head of the coffin; at the south side of it stood the more does it need enlightened men, such as His Royal Highness Prince Albert, with his baton those who every day surround me: independent of field marshal in his hand, and attired in full men, such as those whom I address, to guide me uniform, standing a little in advance of a nume-by their council, and to bring back my authority rous staff of officers. At each side of the coffin within proper limits, should it be necessary. I were British generals who had acted as pall bear-take from this day, with the Crown, the name of After the psalm and anthem, the Dean read Napoleon the III., because the will of the people with great solemnity and expressiveness the les-has bestowed it on me; because the whole nation son, 1 Cor. xv. 29, which was followed by the has ratified it. Is it then to be inferred that in Nunc Dimittis, and a dirge with the following accepting the title, I fall into the error, imputed words set to music by Mr. Gross: to the Prince, who, returning from exile, declares "And the King said to all the people that null and void all that had been done in his absence; were with him, 'Rend your clothes, and gird you far from me be such a wild mistake. Not only with sackcloth, and mourn.' And the King him- do I recognize the governments which have preself followed the bier. And they buried him-ceded me, but I inherit in some measure all that And the King lifted up his voice and wept at the they have accomplished of good and evil, for gov. grave, and all the people wept. ernments which succeed one to another are, notAnd the King said unto his servants, 'Know withstanding different origin, liable for their prede ye not that there is a prince and a great man fal-cessors, but the more completely, that I accept len in Israel?" " all that for 50 years have been transmitted to us, And now the roll of muffled drums, and the with inflexible authority, the less it has permitted: wailing notes of horn and cornet, and the cof-me to pass in silence over the glorious reign of fin slowly sank into the crypt amid the awful the head of my family, in the regular though strains of Handel's "Dead March." The ducal ephemeral title of his son, whom the two Cham FORT PUBLI bers proclaimed in the last burst of vanquished Thus the title of Napoleon III is not one of the Receive, then, my thanks, gentlemen of the Chamber of deputations for the eclat you have given to the manifestation of the general will, by rendering it more evident by your supervision, and imposing by your declaration. I thank you, also, gentlemen of the Senate, for having been the first to address congratulations to me, as you were the first to give expression to the popular wish. Aid me, all of you, to settle firmly, in the land upset by too many revolutions, a stable government, which shall have for its basis, religion, protection and love, for the suffrage classes. Receive here my oath that no sacrifice shall be wanting on my part, to elevate the prosperity of my country, and whilst I maintain peace, I will yield in nothing which may touch the honor or the dignity of France. The Empire will be proclaimed in all the departments on Saturday, the 25th. By a decree recently issued by Baez, President of the Republic of St. Domingo, it seems that Sante Domingo, Puerto, Plato, and Azua, are the only ports now open in that country to a foreign vessel. which the three powers should severally and collectively disclaim, now and for the future, all intention to obtain possession of the island of Cuba, and should bind themselves to discountenance all attempts to that effect, on the part of any power or individual whatever. This invitation has been respectfully declined, for reasons which it would occupy too much space in this communication to state in detail, but which led me to think that the proposed measure would be of no doubtful constitutionality, impolitic and unavailing. I have, however, in common with several of my predecessors, directed the Ministers of France and England to be assured that the United States entertain no designs against Cuba; but that, on the contrary, I should regard its incorporation into the Unlon at the present time as fraught with serious peril. Were this island comparatively destitute of inhabitants, or occupied by a kindred race, I should regard it, if voluntarily ceded by Spain, as a most desirable acquisition. But, under existing circumstances, I should look upon its incorporation into our Union as a very hazardous measure. It would bring into the Confederacy a population of a different national stock, speaking a different language, and not likely to harmonize with the other members." Coming to the question of the Nicaragua Canal he states nothing new, and hopes that future negotiations will lead to more satisfactory results respecting the port of San Juan de Nicaragua and the controversy between the republics of Costa Rica and Nicaragua in regard to their boundaries. "Our settlements on the shores of the Pacific The National Intelligencer of Washington, the official organ of the American Govern have already given a great extension, and in some ment, now publishes, for the first time, certain respects a new direction, to our commerce in that ocean. A direct and rapidly increasing intercorrespondence which took place between the course has sprung up with Eastern Asia. The American and Spanish Governments, relative general prosperity of our estates on the Pacific to the purchase of the Island of Cuba, by the requires that an attempt should be made to open former, from the latter power. The corres- the opposite regions of Asia to mutually beneficial pondence occurred when Mr. Buchanan was intercourse. It is obvious that this attempt could American Secretary of State, and during the be made by no power to so great an advantage as time that Mr Saunders was American Minister by the United States, whose constitutional system in Spain. It seems that Mr. Saunders stated excludes every idea of distant colonial dependento the Spanish Government, that the Govern-cies. I have accordingly been led to order an ment of the United States, was determined to enforce the Monroe doctrine, and not allow any European interference on American soil, and that the possession of Cuba, by any European Power, especially by England, would not be tolerated. In reply, Mr. Saunders was informed by the Spanish Government, that Spain would prefer to see the island sunk in the ocean, rather than part with it to any other country. PRESIDENT FILLMORE'S MESSAGE. We give such extracts from the President's message as are likely more particularly to interest our readers : "CUBA.-Early in the present year official notes were received from the Ministers of France and England, inviting the Government of the United States to become a party with Great Britain and France, to a tripartite Convention, in virtue of appropriate naval force to Japan, under the command of a discreet and intelligent naval officer of the higest rank known to our service." remonstrate in the strongest language against the "JAPAN. He has been directed particularly to cruel treatment to which our shipwrecked mariners have often been subjected, and to insist that they shall be treated with humanity. He is instructed, however, at the same time, to give that Government the amplest assurances that the objects of the United States are such and such only as I have indicated, and that the expedition is friendly and peaceful." "DISCRIMINATING PROTECTIVE DUTIES.-With out repeating the arguments contained in my former message, in favor of discriminating protective duties, I deem it my duty to call your at tention to one or two other considerations affect ing this subject. The first is, the effect of large importations of foreign goods upon our currency. Most of the gold of California, as fast as it is coined, finds its way directly to Europe in payment for goods purchased. In the second place, as our manufacturing establishments are broken down by competition with foreigners, the capital invested in them is lost, thousands of honest and industrious COLONIAL CHIT-CHAT. TORONTO UNIVERSITY. citizens are thrown out of employment, and the AT the Convocation of the Toronto Uinversity, farmer to that extent is deprived of a home market, held on Saturday, in the Parliamentary Buildfor the sale of his surplus produce. In the third ings, the Hon. Robert Baldwin was unanimplace, the destruction of our manufactures leaves ously elected Chancellor, the Hon. Peter B. the foreigner without competition in our market, De Blaquière having tendered his resignation and he consequently raises the price of the article at the last meeting of the Convocation. The sent here for sale, as is now seen in the increased attendance, considering the importance of the cost of iron imported from England. The pros- occasion, was very small, being composed of perity and wealth of every nation depend upon Dr. McCaul, the Professors of the Medical its productive industry. The farmer is stimulated Faculty, the Graduates in Law, and the studto exertion by finding a ready market for his sur-ents of the Literary and Medical departments. plus products, and benefited by being able to ex- After the election the only matter of any conchange them, without loss of time or expense of transportation, for the manufactures which his sequence, was a discussion on a Memorial adcomfort and convenience require. This is always Houses of the Legislature, based upon certain dressed to the Governor in Council and both done to the best advantage where a portion of the community in which he lives is engaged in resolutions passed at a previous meeting, when other pursuits. But most manufactures require an the protest of the Convocation was very freely amount of capital and a practical skill which can- expressed against particular clauses of the not be commanded, unless they be protected for University Bill. The memorial embraced two a time from ruinous competition from abroad.* points, the saving of the convocation as a Hence the necessity of laying those duties upon body from the annihilation threatened by the imported goods which the Constitution authorizes Bill, and the privilege of having the University for revenue, in such a manner as to protect and represented in Parliament by one member, encourage the labor of our citizens. Duties, how-elected by the Graduates. The former was a ever, should not be fixed at a rate so high as to suggestion of the Graduates, who would then exclude the foreign article, but should be so graduated as to enable the domestic manufacturer fairly to compete with the foreigner in our markets, and by this competition to reduce the price of the manufactured article to the consumer to the lowest rate at which it can be produced. This policy would place the mechanic by the side of the farmer, create a mutual interchange of their respective commodities, and thus stimulate the industry of the whole country, and so render us independent of foreign nations for the supplies required by the habits or necessities of the people. I would also again call your attention to the fact that the present tariff in some cases imposes higher duty upon the raw material imported than upon the article imported from it, the consequence of which is, that the duty operates to the encouragement of the foreigner and the discouragement of our own citizens. He strongly deprecates any departure from those doctrines of strict neutrality taught by Washington, and he sees great evils in the event of their not being adhered to. He points out some of the terrible evils which resulted from the declaration of the French National Convention, that France would fraternize with the people of all nations who desired to establish republics, and send her armies to help them; and doubts, if even the United States could preserve their republic, if they were to proclaim such doctrines. The American constitution, he further adds, "though not perfect, is doubtless the best that ever was formed." This is a modest declaration, to say the least. Very questionable.-P. D. have the conferring of Degrees-a principle altogether contrary to the spirit of the new visions; the latter is supposed to have been Bill, and inconsistent with its object and prorecommended by an interested party, who would then aspire to the suffrages of the University. Several of the Professors of Medicine, who were to be the chief sufferers by the Bill, contended that the memorial, by passing over without notice the clause of the proposed Bill so fatal to their faculty, might be construed by their enemies as a tacit consent to its total abolition as a part of the University. After a long debate, in which was much warmth to atone for the absence of caloric in the hall, the learned doctors were outvoted and compelled to submit to their fate, by a majority composed chiefly of graduates who were determined to sustain their own dignity as a Convocation. One of the spectators was interrupted with rapturous applause upon communicating the gratifying intelligence that the Inspector-General had since his arrival in in the memorial should receive the most corToronto, announced that the privileges solicited dial support of himself and friends. Mr. Baldwin has expressed his sense of the honor done him by the appointment, but has declined the proffered ferula of office.-Toronto Paper. CANADIAN INSTITUTE. THE annual meeting of this Literary and Scientific the old Government House, on Saturday last, Geo. Body was held at the rooms of the Institute, in Duggan, Jr., Esq., in the chair. The attendance was not so large as we expected; but, if we may judge from the admirable report which was read by the Secretary, not only the financial affairs, but also the popularity of the Institute, are in a very favorable and progressive condition, the balancesheet showing an amount of £171 11s. 9d. in favor of the Institute, and the list of members exceeding 190. The following gentlemen were elected Officers of the Institute for the ensuing year:President, Captain Lefroy, R.A., F.R.S.; 1st Vice-President, Professor Cherriman; 2nd VicePresident, Mr. Cumberland; Treasurer, Mr. Crawford; Cor. Secretary, Professor Croft; Secretary, Mr. Brunell; Curator and Librarian, Mr. E. Cull. MEMBERS OF THE COUNCIL.-Prof. Hind, Walter Shanley, Esq., Sandford Fleming, Esq., Professor Buckland, Rev. Prof. Irving, Dr. Bovell. An eminent geologist asserts, in a communication to the Lake Superior Journal, that from the geological formation of the rocks, there is not and there cannot be coal found on Lake Superior. The friends of the proposed London, Liverpool and North American Screw Steamship Company, have appealed to the Government in its favor, by a deputation as strong as that which had protested against it. The deputation in favor consisted of twenty-four Members of Parliament, with ten or twelve other gentlemen, their object being to secure a charter of incorporation for the company, with limited liability to the shareholders. ware, £3,337; wheat, 49,156 bushels; zinc, £816. The total value of all the imports into this port from the United States, during the last quarter, amounted to £102, 421 sterling; for the quarter ending 5th July last, £98,987 sterling; and for the quarter ending 5th April last, £29,573 sterling; making altogether, for the three quarters of the current year, £230,981 sterling from the United States alone. ST. VINCENT.-Papers from this island state that gold has been discovered there-a sample "quite pure and unmixed" having been found at the head of the Buccament River and exhibited in town. The St. Vincent Advertizer found in abundance in the mountains. is of opinion that the precious metals are to be FACTS FOR THE FARMER. POVERTY AND PROCRASTINATION. Cold weather is coming in good earnest. Sheep huddle together in some corner; cattle seek protection from the wind by standing close to the side of the barn; poultry are standing on one leg under the shelter of some equally defenceless cart; pigs gather about the door in sullen silence. I am too poor to provide conveniences for my stock, exclaims the sluggish farmer, they must wait another year. It is a chilling autumn night. The hollow wind sighs mournfully as it sweeps the bare branches of the trees, and pierces with a shrill whistle the crevices of the sluggard's house, making him draw the hearth. I am too poor to repair my house nearer to the half-smothered fire, which flickers on and prepare drywood, sighs the shivering man; I will try to do it another year. The wood-shed has yielded up its last stick of decayed fuel, and the yard has been gleaned of its last basket of chips, belonging properly to the manure heap. The farmer has yoked his unwilling cattle, and is about to repair to his wood-lot for a load of dry limbs and fallen trees, but meets with an unexpected hindrance to his benevolent intentions. The sled which experienced much hard usage the preceding season, and has been watered by all the summer's rain and chilled by the autumn frosts, snaps its tongue with the first pull of the cattle. "Hang my luck," ejaculates the ill-starred man. "Was ever one so unfortunate," echoes the wife, as she thinks of the smouldering fire and half-cooked dinner that is to be. The vexed sufferer solaces himself, however, with the idea that poverty is the basis of his misfortunes, and that when he shall have grown rich in spite of such ruinous losses, he shall put everything to rights. The St. John's, N., B., Courier, of November 27, gives the annexed analysis of the trade between that port and the United States, during the quarter ending October 10, 1852. It will be seen that the trade is important, and there can be little doubt that the greater part of the imports mentioned, will be from Canada, when the intercolonial railroads are completed: Principal items of import-Value in sterling money-Apothecaries wares, £1,250; apples and pears, 1,335 barrels; ashes and saleratus, £368; beef and pork, 1,338 barrels; barila, 25 tons, bread, £71; butter, cheese, and lard, 33 cwt.; beans and peas, 157 bushels; buffalo robes, £108; brandy and gin, 2,343 gallons; strong rum and alcohol, 30,058 gallons; wine, 6,223 gallons; corn, 10,798 bushels; candles, £108; carriages and waggons, 9; coffee, 26,077 lbs. ; coal, 1,462 tons; corn meal, 261 barrels; segars, £84; feathers, £161; fresh fruit, £410; dried fruit, £297; flour, (mostly Canadian) 26,050 barrels; oysters, 62 bbls; groceries, £530; glassware, £756; hardware, £5,035; dry goods, £13,668; horses, 4; hides, £529; India rubber goods, £253; jewelry and plate, £407; iron, wrought and cast, 779 cwt.; leather manufactures, £3,788; yellow metal, 37 Christmas time, with its good cheer, has passed, cwt. ; molasses, 6,635 gallons; malt, 1,022 bushels; and the district school is to commence on Monday. naval stores, 591 barrels; nuts and almonds, £229; The children have been living in the prospective olive and palm oil, £313; paint, oil, and varnish, for some days, and not a few plans for fun, or per£309: lard oil, £137; fish oil, £162; paper manu- haps improvement, have been matured. factures, including books, £2,463; rice, £222; farmer's son, a thoughtful, bright-eyed boy, who Bugar, 3,126 cwt.; mill stones, £87; oak and has driven the cows to pasture the long-live sumpitch pine timber, 2,826 tons; tallow and grease, mer, presided over the luncheon and jug of drink, 175,673 lbs.; treenails, 31,000; tobacco, 120,646 picked up the potatoes, and been the man of all Abs.; tea, 81,661 lbs. ; vegetables, £353; wooden-work, asks of his father a favor, which he thinks The is richly deserved-two new books for the winter's school. He tells his father how the other boys of his class are to have them, how he shall fall behind them without this assistance-how he will study, and work harder next summer if he can have them, and that they will only cost one dollar. But his imploring looks and earnest language avail nothing with the father. He says not an encouraging word, but simply mutters-"I did't have books-I am too poor to buy them; you must wait another year.' An agent for the Anglo-American, seeing the forlorn appearance of the premises, and th.nking ignorance must have caused such bad management, presents the work, asking for his name and fifteen shillings. "O, it's no use," exclaims the farmer, "I don't believe in books; I am too poor; you must wait another year." So year after year the poverty-stricken and procrastinating farmer drags on, lamenting the fortune which his own negligence renders inevitable, making his family equally miserable with himself, by denying them the means of improvement-too ignorant and too poor to grow wiser and richer. Almost as easily may the leopard change its spots or the Ethiopian his skin, as a man be induced to change his course of life, and we have reason to believe that this unfortunate man will, to his dying day, consider himself the victim of untoward circumstances, the son of misfortune, and the sport of destiny, instead of seeking in his own improvidence the cause of his bad luck. SCIENCE AND EXPERIMENTS. much labor expended under the light of science, as has been done in the dark, and the balance may fall on the other side of the account. BONE MANURE. UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO. WE, the undersigned, learn with much pleasure that Mr. Peter R. Lamb, of this city has been the first that has had sufficient enterprize to erect the necessary machinery for grinding bones for manure, at an expense of about £250. It has been known for a number of years, by experienced agriculturists, as well as by chemists, that bones contain several fertilizing substances, more or less requird by all cultivated crops, and that by the mere mechanical operation of crushing or grinding, they can readily be made available to the wants of vegetation, and thus constitute one of the richest and most permanent kinds of manure. The rapid strides made in British Agriculture during the last quarter of a century, have been materially assisted by the application of bones as a fertilizer; and it is not too much to say that without the ready and effectual means which they supply of preparing poor, light, and elevated lands, for a course of alternate cropping, turnip husbandry could not have been carried to anything like its present extent, and consequently those distinguished improvements which have of late years been effected both in the breeding and fattening of stock, and the cultivation of root and grain crops, must have been greatly impeded. In England, so high is the repute of this manure, that bones are carefully collected, not only in the larger towns, but also in villages and farm houses, and such is the present demand for them, notwithstanding the heavy importations of guano, and the large manufacture of different kinds of artificial manures, that some thirty or forty thousand tons, amounting in value to upwards of £200,000 sterling, are annually imported, chiefly from the countries of northern Europe. We are glad to observe a determination with somne farmers to settle disputed points by a resort to actual experiments, in connection with the suggestions of science. Performing experiments without the guiding light of science, is like trying to make money without keeping any accountsthe man may sometimes get considerable sums, but he cannot for the life of him tell by what operation he has made it, nor how he is likely to be successful again. So, in a random experiment, the farmer may succeed finely, but he cannot guess which of the dozen operating causes has had the most influence; which is essential, and which useless, nor why he has succeeded. It is true, he may find out after repeated trials, like the blind man who goes over a piece of ground, till he becomes familiar with all its parts, which the light of vision would have revealed to him at a glance. On the other hand, science not corroborated by experiment, is but little better, being not unlike that of the ancient philosophers, who preferred to shut themselves up in the closet, and by profound abstract reasoning for a life time, found out what they could at once ascertain by a few minutes of manipulation. Both are as needful and as useful as the two rails of a railroad-we should make rather sorry work in trying to run the train upon one alone. It is true, we know As bones in their natural state are very slow more at present through the teachings of experi-in decomposing, it becomes necessary to break ment than of science; but this is because we have them up in minute fragments, or what is better, the practice of many thousand people through when immediate effect on vegetation is desired, many centuries, which quite overbalances the to grind them into powder. In this state they can scientific investigations of the few who have be most effectually applied to the soil, where by labored in the present day. Wait till we have as the action of rain water, which always contains Although bones vary considerable in their composition, according to the age and character of the animal, they may all, however, be considered as consisting of two essentially distinct parts; the mineral or earthly and the organic. The former, amounting to about 60 per cent, consists chiefly of the phosphate of line, together with small quantities of the phosphate of magnesia, fluoride of calcium, carbonate of lime, and common salt. The organic portion amounting to about 40 per cent, is made up of cartilage and fatty matters. Cartilage by being boiled in water is converted into glue or jelly, and is a substance rich in nitrogen, forming by decomposition much ammonia, together with carbonic acid and a small quantity of sulphur compound. Hence it is obvious that bones contain the most important materials for producing the living structure of plants. |