819 Bla

a1

(33. a.) When at length Hyder Ali found that he had to do with men who either would sign no convention, or whom no treaty and no signature could bind, and who were the determined enemies of human intercourse itself, he decreed to make the country possessed by these incorrigible and pre- 5 destinated criminals a memorable example to mankind. Having terminated his disputes with every enemy, and every rival, who buried their mutual animosities in their common detestation against the creditors of the nabob of Arcot, he drew from every quarter whatever a savage ferocity could ro add to his new rudiments in the arts of destruction; and Bis compounding all the materials of fury, havoc, and desolation, u9 into one black cloud, he hung for a while on the declivities of the mountains. Whilst the authors of all these evils were idly and stupidly gazing on this menacing meteor, which 15 blackened all their horizon, it suddenly burst, and poured Cy' down the whole of its contents upon the plains of the Carnatic.

9

(33. b.) Then ensued a scene of woe, the like of which no eye had seen, no heart conceived, and which no tongue can adequately tell. All the horrors of war before known or 20 heard of, were mercy to that new havoc. A storm of universal fire blasted every field, consumed every house, destroyed every temple. The miserable inhabitants flying from B'a their flaming villages, in part were slaughtered; others, withpls out regard to sex, to age, to the respect of rank, or sacred- 25 ness of function, fathers torn from children, husbands from wives, enveloped in a whirlwind of cavalry, and amidst the goading spears of drivers, and the trampling of pursuing horses, were swept into captivity in an unknown and hostile land. Those who were able to evade this tempest, fled to 30 the walled cities. But escaping from fire, sword, and exile, a6 they fell into the jaws of famine. BURKE,

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(34.) From minds thus subdued by the terrors of punishment, there could issue no works of genius to expand the empire of human reason, nor any masterly compositions on the general nature of government, by the help of which, the great commonwealths of mankind have founded their esta- 5 blishments. Under such terrors, all the great lights of science and civilization must be extinguished: for men cannot communicate their free thoughts to one another with a lash held

34. (b) Quid est tam populare, quam pax? qua non 81 modo ii, quibus natura sensum dedit, sed etiam tecta, atque 15 agri mihi laetari videntur. Quid tam populare, quam 1 libertas? quam non solum ab hominibus, verum etiam a ẞ2 bestiis expeti, atque omnibus rebus anteponi videtis. Quid tam populare, quam otium? quod ita iucundum est, ut et vos, et maiores vestri, et fortissimus quisque vir, maximos ẞ11 20 labores suscipiendos putet, ut aliquando in otio possit esse. Quare qui possum non esse popularis, cum videam haec omnia, ß3 Quirites, pacem externam, libertatem propriam generis ac p1o nominis vestri, otium domesticum, in fidem, et quodam modo in patrocinium mei consulatus esse collata? Cic. c. Rullum. a'

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35. (a) Misera est ignominia iudiciorum publicorum ß2 misera multati o bonorum, miserum exsilium: sed tamen in ß1o omni calamitate retinetur aliquod vestigium libertatis: mors denique si proponitur, in libertate moriamur; carnifex vero, B1 5 et obductio capitis, et nomen ipsum crucis, absit non modo a12 a corpore civium Romanorum, sed etiam a cogitatione, oculis, g1o auribus. Harum enim omnium rerum non solum eventus, atque perpessio, sed etiam conditio, expectatio, mentio ipsa y denique, indigna cive Romano atque homine libero est. CIC. p. Rabirio. (b) Magna quidem nos spe et prope explorata libertatis causam suscepimus: sed ut concedam incertos exitus & esse belli Martemque communem, tamen pro libertate vitae a1 periculo decertandum est. Non enim in spiritu vita est, sed y ea nulla est omnino servienti. Ita praeclara est recuperatio 15 libertatis, ut ne mors quidem sit in repetenda libertate 3 fugienda. Quod si immortalitas consequeretur praesentis periculi fugam, tamen eo magis ea fugienda videretur, quo diuturnior servitus esset. Quum vero dies et noctes omnia y nos undique fata circumstent, non est viri minimeque 20 Romani dubitare eum spiritum, quem naturae debeat, patriae reddere. CIC. Phil. x.

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(c) Sed de te tu videris: ego de me ipso profitebor. y Defendi rem publicam adolescens, non deseram senex: con- 310 tempsi Catilinae gladios, non pertimescam tuos. Quin etiam a12 25 corpus libenter obtulerim, si repraesentari morte mea a2 libertas civitatis potest. Duo modo haec opto, unum, ut mori-y1o ens populum Romanum liberum relinquam-hoc mihi maius ab dis immortalibus dari nihil potest-alterum, ut ita cuique a13 eveniat, ut de re publica quisque mereatur. CIC. Phil. II. B16

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over their heads. It is the nature of every thing that is B'B great and useful, both in the animate and inanimate world, 10 to be wild and irregular,—and we must be contented to take them with the alloys which belong to them, or live without them.

a9

Genius breaks from the fetters of criticism, but its wanderings are sanctioned by its majesty and wisdom, 15 when it advances in its path;-subject it to the critic, and you tame it into dulness.-Mighty rivers break down their banks in the winter, sweeping away to death the BB flocks which are fattened on the soil that they fertilize in the summer: the few may be saved by embankments from 20 drowning, but the flock must perish for hunger.-Tempests occasionally shake our dwellings and dissipate our commerce; but they scourge before them the lazy elements, which without them would stagnate into pestilence.-In like manner, Liberty herself, the last and best gift of God 25 to his creatures, must be taken just as she is, you might pare her down into bashful regularity, and shape her into a perfect model of severe scrupulous law, but she would then be Liberty no longer; and you must be content to die under the lash of this inexorable justice which you had 30 y1o exchanged for the banners of Freedom.

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ERSKINE.

(35.) Sir, I know the uncertainty of human affairs; but I see, I see clearly, through this day's business. You and I, indeed, may rue it. We may not live to the time when this declaration shall be made good. We may die, die colonists, die slaves, die, it may be, ignominiously, on 5 the scaffold. Be it so. Be it so. If it be the pleasure of Heaven that my country shall require the poor offering of my life, the victim shall be ready at the appointed hour of sacrifice, come when that hour may. But while I do live, let me have a country, or at least the hope of a 10 country and that a free country. Still, whatever may be our fate, be assured, that this declaration will stand. It may cost treasures, and it may cost blood; but it will stand to compensate for both. Through the thick gloom of the present I see the brightness of the future as the 15 sun in heaven and we shall make this a glorious immortal day for our children to honour when we are in our graves.

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36. O magna vis veritatis, quae contra hominum inge- S12 nia, calliditatem, sollertiam contraque fictas omnium insidias ẞ facile se per se ipsa defendat! Velut haec tota fabella veteris et plurimarum fabularum poetriae quam est sine a 5 argumento! quam nullum invenire exitum potest!

Mimi ergo est iam exitus, non fabulæ : in quo cum clau- a' sula non invenitur, fugit aliquis e manibus: deinde scabilla B1o concrepant, aulæum tollitur.

Quæro enim, cur Licinium titubantem, hæsitantem, ce- ß 10 dentem, fugere conantem, mulieraria manus ista de manibus a emiserit: cur non comprehenderint: cur non, ipsius confes- B2 sione, multorum oculis, facinoris denique voce, tanti sceleris Blo crimen expresserint? an timebant, ne tot unum, valentes a11 imbecillum, alacres perterritum, superare non possent?. Db2 15 Nullum argumentum in re, nulla suspicio in causa, nullus ß2 exitus criminis, reperitur. Itaque hæc causa, ab argumentis, a coniectura, ab iis signis quibus veritas illustrari solet, ad ß1o testes tota traducta est. Quos quidem ego testes, iudices, ch non modo sine ullo timore, sed etiam cum aliqua spe delecta- 817 20 tionis, exspecto. Prægestit animus iam videre, primum a" lautos iuvenes, mulieris beatæ ac nobilis familiares; deinde fortes viros, ab imperatrice in insidiis atque in præsidio bal- 81o nearum locatos; ex quibus requiram, quonam modo latuerint, 85 aut ubi alveusne ille, an equus Troianus fuerit, qui tot a 25 invictos viros, muliebre bellum gerentes, tulerit ac texerit. y' Illud vero respondere cogam, cur tot viri, ac tales, hunc, et unum, et tam imbecillum quam videtis, non aut stantem comprehenderint, aut fugientem consecuti sint: qui se nun- B13 quam profecto, si istum in locum processerint, explicabunt; 30 quam volent in conviviis faceti, dicaces, nonnunquam etiam p ad vinum diserti, sint. Alia fori vis est, alia triclinii: alia y9 subselliorum ratio, alia lectorum: non idem iudicum comis- B2 satorumque conspectus: lux denique longe alia est solis et y lychnorum. Quamobrem excutiemus omnes istorum delicias, 35 omnes ineptias, si prodierint. Sed, si me audiant, navent p aliam operam; aliam ineant gratiam; in aliis se rebus os- B* tentent vigeant apud istam mulieren venustate: domin- ß19 entur sumtibus hæreant, iaceant, deserviant: capiti vero B18 innocentis et fortunis parcant. CIC. p. Coelio. yo

RHETORICAL TABLES.

I. Divisions of Rhetoric.

II. Intellectio.

III. Inventio.

IV. Genera dicendi.

V. Elocutio.

The Greek letters and Italic Capitals refer to Table V. (Elocutio, B and C): the others to Table III. (Inventio). For further explanations consult Quintilian and Cornificius as referred to there.