tion more than two points abaft her beam-that is, in such a position, with reference to the vessel which she is overtaking, that at night she would be unable to see either of that vessel's side lights-shall be deemed to be an overtaking vessel; and no subsequent alteration of the bearing between the two vessels shall make the overtaking vessel a crossing vessel within the meaning of these rules, or relieve her of the duty of keeping clear of the overtaken vessel until she is finally passed and clear.

As by day the overtaking vessel can not always know with cer tainty whether she is forward of or abaft this direction from the other vessel she should, if in doubt, assume that she is an overtaking vessel and keep out of the way.

RULE IX. IN ALL CHANNELS LESS THAN FIVE HUNDRED FEET IN WIDTH, no steam vessel shall pass another going in the same direction unless the steam vessel ahead be disabled or signify her willingness that the steam vessel astern shall pass, when the steam vessel astern may pass, subject, however, to the other rules applicable to such a situation. And when steam vessels proceeding in opposite directions are about to meet in such channels, both such vessels shall be slowed down to a moderate speed, according to the circumstances.

RULE X. When two steamers are APPROACHING EACH OTHER AT BIGHT ANGLES OR OBLIQUELY SO AS TO INVOLVE RISK OF COLLISION, other than when one steamer is overtaking another, the steamer which has the other on her own port side shall hold her course and speed; and the steamer which has the other on her own starboard side shall keep out of the way of the other by directing her course to starboard so as to cross the stern of the other steamer, or, if necessary to do so, slacken her speed or stop or reverse. The steamer having the other on her own port bow shall blow one blast of her whistle as a signal of her intention to cross the bow of the other, holding her course and speed, which signal shall be promptly answered by the other steamer by one short blast of her whistle as a signal of her intention to direct her course to starboard so as to cross the stern of the other steamer or otherwise keep clear.

If from any cause whatever the conditions covered by this situa tion are such as to prevent immediate compliance with each other's signals, the misunderstanding or objection shall be at once made apparent by blowing the danger signal, and both steamers shall be stopped, and backed if necessary, until signals for passing with safety are made and understood.

RULE XI. WHEN A STEAM VESSEL AND A SAILING VESSEL are proceeding in such directions as to involve risk of collision the steam vessel shall keep out of the way of the sailing vessel.

RULE XII. In obeying and construing these rules due regard shall be had to all DANGERS OF NAVIGATION AND COLLISION and to any SPECIAL CIRCUMSTANCES which may render a departure from the above rules necessary in order to avoid immediate danger.

FOG SIGNALS.

RULE XIII. Whenever there is thick weather by reason of fog. mist, falling snow, heavy rainstorms, or other causes, whether by day or by night, fog signals shall be used as follows:

A steam vessel under way, excepting only a steam vessel with raft in tow, shall sound at intervals of not more than one minute three distinct blasts of her whistle.

A steamer with a raft in tow shall sound at intervals of not more than one minute a screeching or Modoc whistle for from three to five seconds.

Every vessel in tow of another vessel shall, at intervals of one minute, sound four bells on a good and efficient end properly

cession, followed by a little longer interval, and then again striking twice in quick succession (in the manner in which four bells is struck in indicating time).

Any vessel at anchor and any vessel aground in or near a channel or fairway shall, at intervals of not more than two minutes, ring the bell rapidly for three to five seconds.

SPEED TO BE MODERATE IN FOG, AND SO FORTH.

RULE XIV. Every steam vessel shall, in thick weather, by reason of fog, mist, falling snow, heavy rainstorms, or other causes, go at moderate speed. A steam vessel hearing, apparently not more than four points from right ahead, the fog signal of another vessel shall at once reduce her speed to bare steerageway, and navigate with caution until the vessels shall have passed each other.

Rules for Lights for Certain Classes of Vessels Navigating the Great Lakes and Their Connecting and Tributary Waters.

The following rules for lights to be carried by tugs under 30 tons register (net) whose principal business is harbor towing, for boats navigating only on the river St. Lawrence, for ferryboats, canal boats in tow, and for rafts and other water craft propelled by hand power, horsepower, or by the current of the river, or in tow, or which shall be anchored or moored in or near a fairway of any bay, harbor, or river, were adopted by the Board of Supervising Inspectors, Steamboat-Inspection Service, on February 14, 1907, and approved by the Secretary of Commerce and Labor on February 25, 1907.

LIGHTS FOR TUGS UNDER 30 TONS REGISTER (NET) WHOSE PRINCIPAL BUSINESS IS HARBOR TOWING.

(Authority: Rule 7, act of Congress approved February 8, 1895.) Tugs under 30 tons register (net) whose principal business is harbor towing, navigating the Great Lakes and their connecting and tributary waters as far east as Montreal, shall carry the red and green side lights carried by other steamers; and, at the foremast head, or, if the steamer have no foremast, then on top of the pilot house, a white light so constructed as to show a uniform and unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of 20 points of the compass, and so fixed as to throw the light 10 points on each side of the vessel, namely, from right ahead to 2 points abaft the beam on either side, and of such a character as to be visible at a distance of at least 3 miles; and when towing, except when towing a raft, shall carry an additional white light of same character and construction as the headlight, and hung not less than 3 feet vertically above or below the headlight.

When towing a raft, the two headlights shall be carried in a horizontal line athwartships not less than 4 feet apart, each so fixed as to throw the light all around the horizon, and of such a character as to be visible at a distance of at least 3 miles.

LIGHTS FOR BOATS NAVIGATING ONLY ON THE RIVER ST. LAWRENCE.
(Authority: Rule 7, act of Congress approved February 8, 1895.)
The lights for boats of all kinds navigating only on the river
St. Lawrence as far east as Montreal shall be the same as re-
quired by law for vessels navigating the Great Lakes, and as
required by the rules of the Board of Supervising Inspectors, for
ferryboats, rafts, canal boats, and water craft propelled by hand
power, horsepower, or by the current of the river.

(Authority: Rule 7, act of Congress approved February 8, 1895.)

Ferryboats propelled by steam or machinery and navigating the waters of the Great Lakes and their connecting and tributary waters as far east as Montreal shall carry the white light or lights and the colored side lights required by law to be carried on steam vessels navigating those waters, except that double-end ferryboats shall carry a central range of clear, bright, white lights, showing all around the horizon, placed at equal altitudes forward and aft, also on the starboard side a green light, and on the port side a red light, of such a character as to be visible on a dark night with a clear atmosphere at a distance of at least 2 miles, and so constructed as to show a uniform and unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of 10 points of the compass, and so fixed as to throw the light from right ahead to 2 points abaft the beam on their respective sides.

The green and red lights shall be fitted with inboard screens projecting at least 3 feet forward from the lights, so as to prevent them from being seen across the bow.

Local inspectors in districts having ferryboats shall, whenever the safety of navigation may require, designate for each line of such boats a certain light, white or colored, which shall show all around the horizon, to designate and distinguish such lines from each other, which light shall be carried on a flag-staff amidships, 15 feet above the white range lights.

LIGHTS FOR CANAL BOATS IN TOW OF STEAM VESSELS.

(Authority: Rule 7, act of Congress approved February 8, 1895.)

Canal boats when in tow of steam vessels on the Great Lakes and their connecting and tributary waters as far east as Montreal shall carry lights as follows:

Canal boats when towed astern of steam vessels and towed singly or tandem shall each carry a green light on the starboard side, a red light on the port side, and a small bright white light

aft.

When canal boats are towed at a hawser in one or more tiers, two or more abreast, the boat on the starboard side of each tier shall carry a green light on her starboard side, and the boat on the port side of each tier shall carry a red light on her port side, and each of the outside boats in the last tier shall also carry a small bright white light aft.

When a canal boat is towed alongside and on the starboard side of a steamer, the boat towed shall carry a green light on the starboard side; and when towed on the port side of a steamer, the boat towed shall carry a red light on the port side.

When two canal boats are towed alongside of a steamer, one on the starboard and one on the port side, the starboard boat shall carry a green light on the starboard side and the port boat shall carry a red light on the port side.

The colored side lights referred to in these rules for canal boats in tow of steam vessels shall be fitted with inboard screens, so as to prevent them from being seen across the bow, and of such a character as to be visible on a dark night, with a clear atmosphere, at a distance of at least 2 miles, and so constructed as to show a uniform and unbroken light over an are of the horizon of 10 points of the compass, and so fixed as to throw the light from right ahead to 2 points abaft the beam on either

1 See act of Congress approved June 9, 1910, effective on and after July 9, 1910, prescribing lights that shall be carried by certain classes of vessels of not more than 65 feet in length; as given in sec. 8 of this chapter.

inches in diameter and 5 inches high in the clear.

The small bright white light aft required to be carried on canal boats in tow shall not be visible forward of the beam.

LIGHTS FOR WATER CRAFT PROPELLED BY HAND POWER, HORSEPOWER,
OR BY THE CURRENT OF THE RIVER.

(Authority: Rule 10, act of Congress approved February 8, 1895.)

Any vessel propelled by hand power, horsepower, or by the current of the river, navigating any bay, barbor, or river, of the Great Lakes, or which shall be anchored or moored in or near the channel or fairway of any bay, harbor, or river, of the Great Lakes, except rafts and rowing boats under oars, shall carry one white light forward not less than 8 feet above the surface of the water, which light shall be carried, from sunset to sunrise, in a lantern so fixed and constructed as to show a clear, uniform, and unbroken light, visible all around the horizon, and of such intensity as to be visible on a dark night with a clear atmosphere at a distance of least 1 mile.

Rowing boats under oars shall have ready at hand a lantern showing a white light which shall be temporarily exhibited in sufficient time to prevent collision.

LIGHTS FOR RAFTS NAVIGATING THE GREAT LAKES AND THEIR CONNECTING AND TRIBUTARY WATERS AS FAR EAST AS MONTREAL. (Authority: Rules 7 and 10, act of Congress approved February 8, 1895.)

Rafts on the Great Lakes and their connecting and tributary waters as far east as Montreal, propelled by hand power, horsepower, or by the current of the river, or in tow, or which shall be anchored or moored in or near a channel or fairway of other vessels, shall carry lights as follows:

Rafts of one crib and not more than two in length shall carry one white light. Rafts of three or more cribs in length and one crib in width shall carry one white light at each end of the raft. Rafts of more than one crib abreast shall carry one white light on each outside corner of the raft, making four lights in all.

Bag or boom rafts navigating or anchored in the fairway of any bay, harbor, or river shall carry a bright white light at each end of the raft, and one of such lights on each side midway between the forward and after ends.

The white light required by these rules for rafts shall be carried, from sunset to sunrise, in a lantern so fixed and constructed as to show a clear, uniform, and unbroken light, visible all around the horizon, and of such intensity as to be visible on a dark night with a clear atmosphere at a distance of at least 1 mile; which lights shall be suspended from poles of such height that the light shall be not less than 8 feet above the surface of the water.

The limit of inland waters within which the rules contained in this section apply is at Montreal, the rules including all waters indicated to the westward of that point.

SECTION 7-CERTAIN ADDITIONAL RULES APPLICABLE TO ONE OR
MORE OF THE PRECEDING SECTIONS.

(This section is reproduced from such parts of the hereinbefore enumerated publications of the Department of Commerce and Labor as are common to one or more of such publications. In some of them. there are slight differences in their application to the several Individual preceding sections, but in each such case the differences in question are specially indicated in the text.)

[The provision of this rule are applicable to sec. 4 of this chapter (see sec. 2, act approved June 7, 1897); to sec. 5 of this chapter (see R. S., sec. 4412); and to sec. 6 of this chapter (see sec 3, act approved Feb. 8, 1895).]

On steam and other motor vessels of over 100 gross tons two copies of the placard form of these rules (Department of Commerce and Labor Forms 804, 806, or 808, as the case may bê) shall be kept posted up in conspicuous places in the vessel, one copy of which shall be kept posted up in the pilot house. On steam and other motor vessels of over 25 gross tons and not over 100 gross tons, two copies of the placard form of pilot rules shall be kept on board, one copy of which shall be kept posted up in the pilot house. On steam and other motor vessels of 25 gross tons and under, and of more than 10 gross tons, two copies of the placard form of the pilot rules shall be kept on board, and, where practicable, one copy thereof shall be kept conspicuously posted up in the vessel. On steam and other motor vessels of not more than 10 gross tons, two copies of the pamphlet form of the pilot rules shall be kept on board, and, where practicable, one copy thereof shall be kept conspicuously posted up in the vessel.

BULE PROHIBITING THE CARRYING OF UNAUTHORIZED LIGHTS ON STEAM VESSELS.

(Applicable to secs. 4, 5, and 6 of this chapter.)

[Adopted by the Board of Supervising Inspectors on February 16, 1910, and approved by the Secretary of Commerce and Labor on March 9, 1910. Authority: Section 4450, Revised Statutes.]

Any master or pilot of any steam vessel who shall authorize or permit the carrying of any light, electric or otherwise, not required by law, on the outside structure of the cabin or hull of the vessel that in any way will interfere with distinguishing the signal lights shall, upon conviction thereof before any board of inspectors having jurisdiction, be deemed guilty of misconduct and shall be liable to have his license suspended or revoked.

RULE RELATING TO THE USE OF SEARCHLIGHTS.

(Applicable to secs. 4, 5, and 6 of this chapter.)

The Board of Supervising Inspectors, at their annual meeting of January, 1905, adopted the following rule relating to the use of searchlights:

Any master or pilot of any steam vessel who shall flash or cause to be flashed the rays of the searchlight into the pilot house of a passing vessel shall be deemed guilty of misconduct and shall be liable to have his license suspended or revoked.

BULE PROHIBITING UNNECESSARY SOUNDING OF THE STEAM WHISTLE. (Applicable to secs. 4, 5, and 6 of this chapter. Authority: Act of Congress approved Feb. 8, 1907.)

The Board of Supervising Inspectors, at their annual meeting of January, 1907, adopted the following rule:

Unnecessary sounding of the steam whistle is prohibited within any harbor limits of the United States. Whenever any licensed officer in charge of any steamer authorizes or permits such unnecessary whistling, upon conviction thereof before any board of inspectors having jurisdiction, such officer shall be suspended from acting under his license as the inspectors trying the case may deem proper.