Farmers' Loan and T. Co. v. Erie R. Co., 9 Abb. N. C. 264.
1831. Suit by guardian ad litem; his appoint- ment must be alleged. Crawford v. Neal, 56 Cal.
1832. Not available where the arrest is under merely voidable proceedings. Boland, ex p. (Tex.), 13 Rep. 93.
1833. Question of custody between father and mother; the former not excused from producing the children by sending them out of the State. Rivers v. Mitchell (Iowa), 13 Rep. 107. Hacks; regulation of, 2157.
Handwriting; evidence of, 1786.
Health; including Boards of Health; see POLICE POWER.
Heir; see DESCENT; ADOPTION, etc. Highway; occupation of, by railroad, 2450.
1834. Act establishing a road as a highway; held a public act of which owners must take notice; question whether just compensation was provided for by the terms of the act. State v. Messenger, 27 Minn. 119.
1835. Appeal from order of town supervisors laying out road; who is an "aggrieved person." Schuster v. Leonard, 27 Minn. 253.
1836. Acts of commissioners to lay out State road void for want of proper oath taken. State v. Com- missioners, 27 Minn. 90.
1837. Liability of county authorities for repairs; English Acts. Corporation of Rochdale v. Justices, 8 Q. B. D. 12.
1838. Proceedings under English Act to compel respondent to refund expenses incurred in repairing highway, by reason of extraordinary traffic by his teams. Pick. Highway Board v. Barry, 8 Q. B. D.
1839. Record of plat admitted in evidence, though owner's certificate was on separate paper. Davis v. Fulton, 52 Wis. 657.
Connected topic, NEGLIGENCE; as to town and city streets, see also, MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS.
1840. Action of debt for statutory penalty for re- moving gates on peat roads; non-record of laying out immaterial; effect of non-user; power of county court to establish peat roads. French v. Holt, 53 Vt. 364.
1841. Complaint for obstructing may be made by private person as well as supervisors. State v. Gal- vin, 27 Minn. 16.
1842. Action for penalty for wilfully obstruct- ing highway; held a civil action; the State may appeal and is liable to costs; filling up a mud-hole by land owner, not an obstruction. State v. Smith, 52 Wis. 134.
1850. Debtor's transfer of exempt land valid against creditors. Baldwin v. O'Laughlin (Minn.), 11 North West. Rep. 77.
1851. Occupying in excess of statutory limits does not impair right of exemption; nor (under Act of 1878) a fraudulent sale. Ferguson v. Kumler, 27 Minn. 156.
1852. Owner of undivided interest entitled to
exemption; the outstanding interest if conveyed to him is not subject to prior judgment against him. Kaser v. Haas, 27 Minn. 406.
1853. Widower and minor children; extinction of homestead on their majority. Santa Cruz Bank v. Cooper, 56 Cal. 339.
1854. Minnesota laws permit conveyance of home- stead through third person to wife, without valuable consideration. Morrison v. Abbott, 27 Minn. 116.
1855. Wife joining in husband's mortgage of homstead, not estopped to enforce after-acquired title. Goodenough v. Fellows, 53 Vt. 102.
1856. Loss of homestead right by wife joining in mortgage of husband's land, and, on its being fore- closed, taking assignment from purchaser. Marten v. Sprague (Minn.), 11 North West. Rep. 143.
1857. Wife not estopped to claim ante-nuptial contract; equity powers of probate court. Mann's Estate, 53 Vt. 48.
1843. By plat. Buskirk v. Strickland (Mich.), 11 Ignorance; see MISTAKE. North West. Rep. 210.
1844. Right of turnpike company to use dedicated land not lost by irregular organization, etc. Shipper v. Paul, 34 N. J. Eq. 314.
1845. Question of acceptance; evidence; payment of taxes on the land. Trerice v. Barteau (Wis.), 11 North West. Rep. 244..
Illegal Contracts; and questions of Public Policy.
1860. Plaintiff not permitted to recover for ser- vices in preventing indictment of defendant bound on complaint for crime. Barron v. Tucker, 53 Vt. 338.
1861. Plaintiff permitted to recover property placed by his intestate in another's keeping in order
that he might swear that he had no property. Insolvency; see BANKRUPTCY. Mallett v. Swain, 56 Cal. 171. Insurance (Fire).
1862. Settlement under belief that note was a valid claim; proof in subsequent action that con- sideration was illegal. Farrar v. Davis, 53 Vt. 597.
With Broker, 1505; of Insurance, 1885; for Railroad transportation, 2481; see also, 2605, 2647; as to Compounding Felony, Gaming, and Sunday, see those titles. Illegitimacy; 1645, 1737.
Imprisonment; see ARREST; FALSE IMPRISON- MENT; also 1606.
Improvements; right of occupant to compensation for, 2631, 2638; under Acts relating to Public Lands, see that title; see also EJECTMENT. Incumbrances; see DEED, MORTGAGE. Indemnity; Bond of, 1727.
Indictment; see CRIMINAL LAW.
Indorsement; see NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENTS. Infancy.
The Application; Warranty, etc. 1874. Policy avoided by false answer, though not material, if expressly so provided. Graham v. Fire- man's Ins. Co., 13 N. Y. Week. Dig. 338.
1875. Question as to amount of incumbrance left unanswered in application; waiver by issue of policy; questions as to state of title; existing mortgage not a breach; question of authority of agent to receive premium; clause as to waiver of conditions; what amounts to fraud by insured. Carson v. Jersey City Ins. Co. (14 Vroom), 25 Alb. L. J. 77.
1876. Statement of ownership; lien or conditional sale not inconsistent with entire ownership. rigan v. Lycoming Ins. Co., 53 Vt. 418.
Breach of Condition; Forfeiture.
1877. Summer residence left in charge of farmer, who however did not occupy it; it was visited and aired from time to time; insurance held forfeited under the occupancy clause. Herrman v. Adriatic
1878. Condition as to subsequent insurance; waiver by calling for proofs of loss. Cannon v. Home Ins. Co. (Wis.), 11 North W. Rep. 11.
1863. Infant may rescind s agreement of part-Ins. Co., 85 N. Y. 162. nership and recover back cap al paid to co-partner. Sparmann v. Keim, 9 Abb. N. C. 1. 1864. Infant qualified at common law to be notary. United States v. Bixby (Ind.), 25 Alb. L. J. 12. Custody of Children, 1833; Injuries to Children on Railroad, 2505; Service of Writ by Infant, 2775; related topic, GUARDIAN.
Information; see CRIMINAL LAW. Injunction.
1865. Refusal of injunction against trade-union enticing away workmen from employer. Johnston Harvester Co. v. Meinhardt, 9 Abb. N. C. 393.
1866. Granted against city interfering with building of railroad bridge; counter-injunction obtained by city; question of conflict, and whether city attorney was guilty of contempt. Wisc. Central R. R. v. Smith, 52 Wis. 140.
1867. Appeal from injunction dismissed where record did not show bond filed by plaintiff. Menasha v. Milwaukee R. R., 52 Wis. 138.
1868. Amendments not allowed where repugnant to original bill. Hill v. Hill, 53 Vt. 578.
See also, 1722, 2022, 2153, 2515; as to Patent, see that title.
Innkeeper; Burglary in Hotel, 1513.
Insane Person, and Insanity.
1869. Share of monomaniac in proceeds of parti- tion, held personalty, and payable to administrator. Smith v. Bayright, 34 N. J. Eq. (notes), 424.
1870. Inquisition only makes a prima facie case in other controversies; question on the facts as to validity of assignment of mortgage by one after- ward found insane; the rule as to insanity of principal revoking agent's authority. Hill v. Day, 34 N. J. Eq. 150.
1871. Commission of lunacy; notice to heirs; proceedings under New York Code. Rogers, Matter of, 9 Abb. N. C. 141.
1872. The tests of responsibility in criminal cases, examined; burden of proof. People v. Coleman (N. Y.), 13 Rep. 117.
1873. Test of responsibility for murder. Moett v. People, 85 N. Y. 373.
1879. Second policy void at election of company is a breach of the condition. Landers v. Watertown Ins. Co. (note), 25 Alb. L. J. 3.
1880. Other insurance; estoppel of company by declarations of agent; effect of transfer of interest by retiring partner to copartner. Combs v. Shrews bury Ins. Co. (notes), 34 N. J. Eq. 403.
1881. Loss payable to mortgagee; other insur- ance procured by mortgagee; apportioning loss. Doran v. Franklin Ins. Co. (N. Y.), 13 Rep. 119.
1882. Existence of other insurance contrary to policy; waiver by knowledge of company's agent; conditions as to use of naphtha or kerosene; policy revived after forbidden use discontinued. Putnam V. Comm. Ins. Co., 18 Blatch. 368.
1883. Keeping benzine; question whether in- cluded under " drugs" or merchandise "usually kept in a country store; " estoppel of company by statements of agent. Carrigan v. Lycoming Ins. Co., 53 Vt. 418.
1884. Policy not avoided by honest mistake in proofs of loss. Waldeck v. Springfield Ins. Co. (Wis.), 25 Alb. L. J. 77.
1885. Insurance of liquors involved if intended for illegal sale; proof of illegal notice, and when it is only collateral. Carrigan v. Lycoming Ins. Co.
1886. Policy on wife's property in name of her- self and husband; she must make the sworn state-
ment of loss. Spooner v. Vt. Ins. Co., 53 Vt. 156.
1887. Policy in wife's name; bill to reform by substituting husband's refusal after loss. Doniol v. Comm. Ins. Co., 34 N. J. Eq. 30.
1888. Question whether agent agreeing to keep plaintiff's property insured, was his agent, or the company's in which he obtained policy. Sargent v. Nat. F. I. Co. (N. Y.), 13 Rep. 90.
1889. Action by insured for negligent burning of See also, 2639, 2757; as to Incapacity of Testator, his mill; insurance companies must be joined as
parties. Pratt v. Radford, 52 Wis. 114.
1890. Dissolution of insolvent company; time of fixing claim of policy-holder; destruction of insured premises before distribution. Dean's Appeal (Pa.), 13 Rep. 125.
Interpleader by company, 1912. Insurance (Life and Accident).
Interest of Wife or Child in Policy.
1891. Interest of wife in policy taken by hus- band on his own life for her benefit; on her death it passes to him as one of her choses in action, and he may assign it to his second wife; New York Acts considered. Olmstead v. Keyes, 85 N. Y. 593.
1892. Interest of wife in husband's membership
of mutual benefit association. Richmond v. Johnson, (Minn.) 13 Rep. 111.
1893. Surrender by father of paid-up policy pay- able on his death to his children, taking in exchange policy to his second wife; held void. Ricker v. Charter Oak Ins. Co., 27 Minn. 193.
Representations; Conditions; Forfeiture.
1894. Answers in application; imperfect knowl- edge of English by insured, a matter for considera- tion; meaning of sunstroke." Knickerbocker Ins. Co. v. Trefz, 3 Morr. Transc. 185; 25 Alb. L. J. 14. 1895. Dying of insured "by his own hand or act, voluntary or otherwise;" this clause does not apply to the case of accidental overdose of medi- cine. Penfold v. Univ. L. Ins. Co., 85 N. Y. 317.
1896. Forfeiture by non-payment of premium; waiver by taking note; usage. Thompson v. Knicker- bocker Ins. Co., 3 Morr. Transc. 332.
1897. Power of general agent to waive forfeiture for non-payment of premiums; plaintiff non-suited on the facts. Marvin v. Univ. L. Ins. Co., 85 N. Y.
1898. By-law as to proofs of death on particular blanks. Gellatly v. Minnesota Benefit Society, 27 Minn. 215.
Pleading in Actions on Policies.
1899. Allegations by complaint that death was not caused by breach of any condition; pleading; burden of proof; plaintiff's right of affirmation. Murray v. New York L. Ins. Co., 85 N. Y. 236; 9 Abb. Ñ. C. 309.
1900. Question whether clause in policy was au- thorized by company; estoppel on the pleading; plaintiff not permitted to claim estoppel, after dis- puting truth of the assertions constituting it. An- drews v. Etna L. Ins. Co., 85 N. Y. 334.
Miscellaneous; Company Affairs Generally. 1901. Distribution on insolvency of company, of fund deposited with State superintendent for bene- fit of registered policy-holders. Attorney-General v. Nat. Am. L. Ins. Co., 85 N. Y. 485.
1902. Winding up assurance society under En- glish Acts; rights of respective classes of policy- holders. Great Britain L. Ass. Soc., in re., 19 Ch. D. 9.
1903. Inconsistent clauses in policy; one allow- ing boats to load as customary; the other forbid- ding carrying goods on deck; the company held liable on the facts, especially as it appeared that they knew through their agent of the carrying on deck. Allen v. St. Louis Ins. Co., 85 N. Y. 473.
1904. Insurance effected on cargo in ignorance of its safe arrival, is good. Bradford v. Symondson, 45 L. T. Rep. 364; 25 Alb. L. J. 39.
Intoxicating Liquor; see LIQUORS. Issue; see DEVISE, ETC.
Jeopardy; in Criminal Law, 1593.
Joinder, and Joint rights and liabilities, in Civil proceedings, generally; as to Criminal, see CRIMI- NAL LAW, 1591, 1599, 1809.
1914. Consolidation of actions, in one of which plaintiff sued as surviving partner, and in the other individually. McCartney v. Hubbell, 52 Wis. 360.
1915. Sales at different times; when right of ac- tion single. Am. Button-Hole Co. v. Thornton (Minn.), 13 Rep. 112.
Joint obligors on Bond, 2770; Payment by one joint debtor as affecting Limitation, 2010; joint Covenants, 1567; rights of co-Executor, 1742, 1747, 2691; see also, 2539, 2669; joint and several Notes, 2262; joinder of owners affected by Nui- sance, 2281; joint owners of Patent, 2331; joint action against Partnership, 2321; joinder of de- fendants in Tort, 1484, 1533.
Joint Tenant; 2654; related topics, JOINDER; PARTNERSHIP.
Judges and Courts; including matters special to particular courts and their officers, and the rela- tions of State and Federal courts; as to Justice of the Peace, see that title; as to Probate prac- tice, see PROBATE.
Generally; Duties, etc., of Judges. 1916. Order of judge to adjourn court, sent by telegraph, held a sufficient written order." State v. Holmes (Iowa), 25 Alb. L. J. 59.
Duties of Judge on Trial, 1704; in Criminal cases, 1602; power of court Commisssioners, 1718; see also, 1398; other related topics, APPEAL; Ex- CEPTIONS; CERTIORARI; MANDAMUS, etc.
The United States Supreme Court.
1917. Appeal dismissed for not showing affirma- tively that federal question was involved. ton v. Am. Ex. Bank, 25 Alb. L. J. 35.
Former Judgment; Res Adjudicata.
1934. Estoppel by former judgment. McClung v. Condit, 27 Minn. 45.
1935. Plaintiff estopped by former judgment when he pleaded same facts in defense. Geiser Co. v. Farmer, 27 Minn. 428.
See also, 1518, 1633, 1737, 1766, 1934, 1978,
1918. Writ of error directed to wrong State | 2206, 2381, 2543, 2783; also, EQUITY. Lane v. Wallace, 3 Morr. Transc. 203. Practice in Federal Courts Generally.
1919. Power of Federal court to try questions on report of referee. Heath v. Griswold, 18 Blatch.
1924. Federal court commission not authorized to admininister oath to claim against estate. der v. Hendricks, 56 Cal. 464.
Relations of State and Federal Courts.
1925. Collusive transfer of securities to non-resi-
dent to enable him to sue in Federal court; the suit should be dismissed by the court of its own motion. Williams v. Nottawa, 3 Morr. Transc. 256.
1926. Refusal of Federal Circuit Court to disturb
decree of State probate court. M'Dermott v. Cope- land, 9 Fed. Rep. 536.
1927. Federal system of review on writ of error not governed by State acts. Whalen v. Sheridan, 18 Blatch. 324.
1928. Motion in Federal court to open judgment by default; the State practice held controlling. Brown v. Phil., W. & B. R. R. (Del.), 13 Rep. 4.
1929. Judgment founded on a contract, held a contract within Act of 1875 as to suits by assignees. Walker v. Powers, 3 Morr. Transc. 260.
See also, as to Ejectment, 1680; as to Maritime contracts, 2579; Mining Lands, 2069; other cases involving questions of jurisdiction, 1497, 2207, 2338, 2724, 2787; also, ELECTIONS; PUBLIC LAND; REMOVAL OF CAUSES. Judgment.
1930. Pleading foreign judgment; alleging juris- diction; parol evidence as to matters in issue in former suit; question whether set-off pleaded by defendant, should be presumed a matter in issue in former suit in Maryland, under plea of non-assump- sit. Meredith v. S. Clara Association, 56 Cal. 178. 1931. Unsatisfied foreign judgment not a bar to suit on original cause of action. Eastern Bank v. Beebe, 53 Vt. 177.
1932. Order of foreign court under judgment gives no lien on funds in court here. Elizabethtown Inst. v. Gerber, 34 N. J. Eq. 130.
Vacating or Reviving Judgment.
1936. Relief against mistake of court-clerk, causing lien to appear subject instead of prior to mortgage. Kline v. Cutter, 34 N. J. Eq. 329.
1939. Fraudulently obtained; not strengthened by agreements for renewal heedlessly signed. Mon- roe v. Monroe, 93 Pa. St. 520.
1940. Scire facias to revive lien of judgment; computation of statutory time. Kirby v. Cash, 93 Pa. St. 505.
1941. Restoration of lien of judgment, after sus- pension by order of court; effect on second lien obtained meanwhile. Harman v. Hope (N. Y.), 13 Rep. 119; 13 N. Y. Week. Dig. 294.
1942. Motion by defendant in default to vacate judgment, on ground that affidavit of default had not been filed, nor notice of lis pendens given; denied, and recitals of judgment held conclusive. Mitchell v. Rolison, 52 Wis. 155.
Setting aside in Bankruptcy, see that title; Arrest of, in Criminal Law, 1610; relief in Equity against, 2544; see also, USURY; also, 1699; as to United States practice, see JUDGES ANd Courts.
1943. By confession; mode of docketing what must be contained in the statement. Wells v. Gieseke, 27 Minn. 478.
1944. By confession; sufficiency of statement. Cleveland Stove Co. v. Douglas, 27 Minn. 177.
1945. Suit withdrawn in term time, and costs taxed and judgment entered afterward; the judg- ment to be considered of the first date. Main v. Main (48 Conn. ), 13 Rep. 106.
1946. Entry on special findings without general verdict. Bixby v. Wilkinson, 27 Minn. 262.
1947. Sale of judgment; purchaser not bound by secret equity in favor of third person. Mifflin C. Bank, Appeal of, 25 Alb. L. J. 38.
1948. Presumption of payment; may arise in less than twenty years. Brigg's Appeal, 93 Pa. St. 485.
As to Debt on judgment, see that title; judg ments of Justices, etc., see JUSTICE; judgment lien as against Mortgage, 2136, 2144; see also SUR- VIVAL of Actions.
sion; sufficiency of evidence. Vt. 57.
Weeks v. Prescott, 53 See also, 1575, 2605; as to sales by Executor, or Guardian, or for Taxes, see the titles in question. Jurisdiction; see CONFLICT OF LAWS; JUDGES AND COURTS; JUSTICE.
Jury; see TRIAL; TRIAL BY JURY; as to Criminal practice, see 1594.
1968. Measure of damages for refusing to allow agreed work to be done; parol evidence of situation of parties. Nilson v. Morse, 52 Wis. 240.
1969. Agreed price in oral contract of hiring; evidence. Roles v. Mintzer, 27 Minn. 31. 1970. Action for work and materials; evidence as to usual rate of profits. Baumgardner v. Burn-
Justice of the Peace; including practice in Police ham, 93 Pa. St. 88. or other local courts.
115; 25 Alb. L. J. 49.
1953. Authority to adjourn Gillitt v. Truax, 27 Minn. 528.
1971. Question of evidence as to modification of written contract. Lassing v. Paige, 56 Cal. 139.
1972. Action against contractor by sub-contractor; introducing pay-roll to show expenditures under contract. Donahue v. Connor, 93 Pa. St. 356.
1973. Contract for marble headstone; question of substantial compliance. Lynton Co. v. Farrar, 53 Vt. 585.
1974. Amendments to complaint; Wisconsin practice. Kretser v. Cary, 52 Wis. 374.
Related topics, MASTER AND SERVANT: MECHAN- IC'S LIEN.
As to Fixtures, see that title, and 2063; as to
1954. Relative jurisdiction of California police Crops, see that title. and justices' courts. Santa Cruz v. S. C. R. R., 56
1955. Practice in causes involving title to land removed to Circuit Court. Kimball v. Adams, 52 Wis. 554.
1956. Action against justice for false return. Brooks v. St. John, 13 N. Y. Week. Dig. 378.
1957. Recitals of judgment record in justice's court, conclusive in collateral suit. Stratton v. Lyons,
1958. Granting leave to issue justice's judgment; effect of filing transcript; operation of Act of lim- itations. Kincaid v. Richardson, 9 Abb. N. C. 315.
As to Criminal jurisdiction, see 1519; justice sued for False Imprisonment, 1774; jurisdiction in Forci- ble Entry, etc., 1783; as to Liquor, see that title.
Practice on Appeal or Review.
1959. Reversal of justice's judgment on question of law operates simply as a dismissal and is not a bar to subsequent action. Terryll v. Bailey, 27 Minn. 304.
1960. Modifying judgment correct mere errors in law. Minn. 29.
on appeal so as to Watson v. Ward, 27
1961. Necessary contents of notice of appeal. Pettingill v. Donnelly, 27 Minn. 332.
1962. Notice of appeal properly signed by attor- ney. (N. Y.), Bishop v. Van Vechten, 25 Alb. L. J. 4. 1963. Justice's judgment as evidence or estoppel on appeal. Burns v. Howard, 9 Abb. N. C. 321. 1964. Change of venue on appeal; time for argu- ment; pleading; waiver of defects. Chesterson v. Manson, 27 Minn. 498.
1965. Stay of proceedings on appeal from justice's court; undertaking for costs must be filed. Mc- Conky v. Super. Court, 56 Cal. 83.
1966. Reviewing justice's judgment on certiorari; the record imports verity, notwithstanding incon- sistent statements in his return. Cassidy v. Millerick, 52 Wis. 379.
1967. What transcript of magistrate's record must show on certiorari to judgment. Maxwell v. Perkins, 93 Pa. St. 255.
Questions between Lessor and Lessee.
1975. Right of removal of trade fixtures by tenant under proviso in lease; effect of disclaimer of lease by trustee in bankruptcy of tenant. Glegg, ex p., 19 Ch. D. 7.
1976. Payment of assessment by lessee, pending proceedings by landlord to vacate assessment; on setting aside the assessment, he may recover back the payment. Purssell v. Mayor, etc., 85 N. Y.
1977. Owners not liable for injury to tenant from negligence of their contractor. Morton v. Thurber,
1978. Action for rent; tenant, though a married woman, concluded by judgment in previous action to restrain plaintiff from summary proceedings. Ackley v. Westervelt (N. Y.), 13 Rep. 119.
1979. Action of unlawful detainer against ten- ant at will; notice requisite. Marston v. Splivalo, 56 Cal. 128.
1980. Tenant cannot hold over under agreement made before lease was taken and merged in it. McCreary v. Marston, 56 Cal. 403.
1981. The Irish Land-Law Act; character of tenancy necessary for application to fix rent. Beamish v. Crowley, 8 L. R. Ir. 383.
1982. Action for rent; application of Irish Land- Law. Warburton v. Conroy, 8 L. R. Ir. 361.
Relations with Assignees or other Third Persons. 1983. Attornment; tenant's taking lease from third person, who has evicted him by ejectment, not a wrong to original landlord. Foss v. Van Driele (Mich.), 13 Rep. 81.
1984. Owner not liable for injury to stranger from unsafe condition of premises, if he has given lessee full charge. Edwards v. N. Y. & H. R. R., 13 N. Y. Week. Dig. 407.
1985. Action by lessor on covenant to pay taxes; question whether defendant was sub-lessee or as- signee. Dunlop v. Bullard (Mass.), 25 Alb. L. J. 75.
1986. Covenant with sub-lessee for renewal if lessee renewed his own lease; second renewal not implied. Banker v. Braker, 9 Abb. N. C. 411.
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