ment of the mortgage and reconveyance of the premises. Meek v. Chamberlain, 8 Q. B. D. 31.
1674. Wife's claim for dower, held barred by judgment in partition suit, in which she was made a defendant by virtue of her inchoate right; effect of two separate claims for dower, one in whole estate the other in an undivided portion. Jordan v. Van Epps, 85 N. Y. 427.
1675. Separation under authority of court not an act of desertion barring dower. Weld v. Weld, 27 Minn. 330.
1676. When equitable relief may be given against action for dower; rights of widow of proprietor of lands in East Jersey; custom against dower. Ocean Beach Ass'n v. Brinley, 34 N. J. Eq. 438. See also, WIDOW.
Draft; see NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENT. Drain; Municipal, 2214.
Drunkenness; 2208.
1679. The Connecticut Act providing for pay- ment to the defendant of the value of his improve- ments, declared valid, and enforced, by the United States Circuit Court sitting in equity. Griswold v. Bragg, 18 Blatch. 202.
1680. State practice under Code has no applica- tion to proceedings in Federal Court. Whalen v. Sheridan, 18 Blatch. 308.
As to Forcible Entry and Detainer, see that title. Election.
1681. Refusal to allow plaintiff to amend his com- plaint so as to make the action an equitable one. Carmichael v. Argard, 52 Wis. 607.
1682. Proof of title by plaintiff. Horning v. Sweet, 27 Minn. 277. Elections.
1683. Time of holding San Francisco city and county elections; constitutional provisions con- strued; power of legislature to provide for appoint- | ment, instead of election, of county officers. Barton v. Kalloch, 56 Cal. 95.
1684. Requisites of re-registration of voter, under California Code. Cohen v. Harvey, 56 Cal. 70.
1685. Failure to number and string ballots, and other irregularities, held insufficient to vitiate town poll. Hodge v. Linn (100 Ill.), 25 Alb. L. J. 37.
1686. Devices on ballots; printers' dashes illegal. Oglesby v. Sigman (note), (Miss.), 25 Alb. L. J. 62. 1687. Candidate receiving less than plurality of
votes not elected, though the highest candidate is ineligible; petition for quo warranto refused to pri- vate party without personal interest. Barnum v. Gilman, 27 Minn. 466.
As to Naturalization, Quo Warranto and School clections, see the titles indicated.
1688. Duties of Federal supervisors of election defined; relation to State inspectors; registration laws. Davenport, re, 18 Blatch. 336.
1689. Conviction of city police for obstructing U. S. marshal in performance of duty. Un. States V. Conway, 18 Blatch, 566.
1690. Refusal of State inspector to allow regis- tration, in consequence of opinion of Federal super- visor, who also refused to return certificate of nat- uralization; the remedy in such a case is in the State court, by mandamus, against the inspector. Matter of, 9 Abb. N. C. 484.
1691. Duties of U. S. supervisor; mode of making inquiries of voter; refusal to return naturalization certificate. Davenport, Matter of, 9 Abb. N. C. 471.
1692. Federal officers must not delay an arrest of one charged with illegal registry till election day; threatening arrest is equally an offense under the act. Spooner, Matter of, 9 Abb. N. C. 481. Elevator; see WAREHOUSE.
Embezzlement; by County Treasurer, 2287. Emblements; see CROPS.
1693. What is a public use; condemnation for canal and irrigation purposes. Cummings v. Peters, 56 Cal. 593.
1694. A water company held liable for diverting stream from prescriptive water-course, though orig- inally artificial. Reading v. Althouse, 93 Pa. St.
As to land taken by Railroad, or Telegraph Com- panies; for Municipal purposes; or from owners on Navigable Waters, see the titles indicated. Equity.
1695. Issue tried in equity not to be again tried at law, although complainant is competent to tes- tify in the second suit, but not in the first. Putnam v. Clark, 34 N. J. Eq. 532.
1696. Restitution of valuable papers and power of attorney decreed. Pattison v. Skillman (notes), 34 N. J. Eq. 344.
1697. Dismissal of bill for non-prosecution; not to be retained to await result of action at law. McFarlan v. Morris Canal Co., 34 N. J. Eq. 369.
1698. The proper mode of amending an answer; interlining original answer improper. Morrill v. Morrill, 53 Vt. 74.
See also, 1369, 1487, 1490, 1501, 1681, 1743, 1869, 2474, and specific titles.
1699. Reversal of judgment for plaintiff without new venire; he is not estopped to sue again. Fries v. Penn. R. R. (Pa.), 13 Rep. 91.
New Trials in Criminal cases, 1610; as to United States practice, see JUDGES AND COURTS; other con- nected topics, EXCEPTIONS; NEW TRIAL; APPEAL.
Estoppel; various instances; 1632, 1699, 1786, 1791, 1846, 1855, 1900, 1934, 1963, 2037, 2039, 2117, 2202, 2203, 2717.
Evidence; this topic is distributed under specific
titles; see especially, TRIAL; WITNESS, and in Criminal cases, CRIMINAL LAW; as to Newly Dis- covered evidence, see NEW TRIAL.
1700. Refusal to sign bill where exceptions were not taken during trial. The Havre, 18 Blatch. 319. 1701. Bill not properly in record; Wisconsin practice. Wilson v. Morse, 52 Wis. 240.
1702. California practice as to record on appeal. Pieper v. Centinela Co., 56 Cal. 173.
1703. Poverty not a good excuse for laches. Whalen v. Sheridan, 18 Blatch. 324.
1704. Exceptions do not lie to tone and manner of trial judge. Roundtree v. Gurr (Ga.), 25 Alb. L. J. 56.
Execution; as to writ of Assistance; Attachment; Creditor's Bill; Sheriffs or other officers, see those titles.
1705. Issue may be ordered by plaintiff without intervention of attorney. Jones v. Spears, 56 Cal.
1706. Levy on personalty not necessarily a satis- faction of judgment. Willis v. Jelineck, 27 Minn. 18. 1707. Objection to levy as indefinite. Gilson v. Parkhurst, 53 Vt. 384.
1708. Inducing deputy, by false statements, to levy at once, in disregard of usual arrangement between deputy and sheriff, does not avoid the effect of priority thus gained. Albrecht v. Long, 27 Minn. 81.
1709. Execution in favor of defendants for costs; Irish practice. Lysaght v. M Grath, 7 L. R. Ir. 532. Levy on seat in Broker's Board, 1503; on Crops, 1617; against Mortgaged property, 2149; Vendor's Lien not affected by, 2714.
1710. State exemption laws not applicable where United States is plaintiff. United States v. Howell, 9 Fed. Rep. 674.
1711. Maryland Exemption Law construed; property only exempt; not money from proceeds of sale; selection. State v. Bouldin, 13 Rep. 78.
1712. Stock in trade defined; how far debtor is estopped from claiming by disclaimer of title, etc. Mc Abe v. Thompson, 27 Minn. 134.
1713. Merchant's stock in trade protected; waiver by failure to make selection. Wicker v. Comstock, 52 Wis. 315.
1714. Exemption of animals used for team work.
Rowell v. Powell, 53 Vt. 302.
cer's conduct presumed legal. Atkinson v. Hires (43 N. J. Law), 25 Alb. L. J. 17.
1720. Purchase by judgment-creditor under agreement with another creditor that latter should not bid; how far fraud in law. Cram v. Rothermel (Pa.), 38 Leg. Int., No. 50; 13 Rep. 125.
1721. Posting property; what is a "public place." Goss v. Cardell, 53 Vt. 447.
1722. Equitable remedy not available to one whose land is threatened with sale, under execution against another. Sheldon v. Stokes, 34 N. J. Eq. 87.
1723. Intervention of equity to stay sale; in what cases proper. Taylor's Appeal, 93 Pa. St. 21. 1724. Order of Probate Court for sale protects purchaser, though will is afterward declared in- valid; if purchaser has paid off mortgage, he must be reimbursed. Davis v. Gaines (U. S. S. C.), 25 Alb. Law J. 54 (note).
1725. Right of plaintiff to leave goods after sale in keeping of defendants without making them subject to seizure by latter's creditors. Bisbing v. Third Nat. Bank, 93 Pa. St. 79.
1726. Payment by sheriff out of proceeds of sale, of rent due landlord; subsequent sale of de- fendant's assignees in bankruptcy for the amount so paid. McCarthy, re., 7 L. R. Ir. 473.
1727. Bond of indemnity to officer, assigned to execution debtor, to satisfy judgment for wrongful levy; debtor's right to sue upon it. Howe v. Freid- heim, 27 Minn. 294.
Executor; and Administration generally, including the Settlement of Estates, and Probate and Surro- gate practice.
See also, DEVISE; other related topics, DESCENT; GUARDIAN; PARTITION; WIDOW.
Jurisdiction; Foreign Proceedings.
1828. Administration of estate of non-resident decedent; the chancellor may prescribe the time within which creditors may present their demands. The two years statutory limit does not affect the right of foreign creditors to prove and demand their debts, if assets remain in the hands of the per- sonal representative. Gray's Executor v. Lewis (Ky.), 13 Rep. 108.
1729. Foreign administration; different executors appointed here and in another State where there were assets, this being directed by the will; the ex- ecutor here should not be charged with the foreign assets. Sherman v. Page, 85 N. Y. 123.
1730. Time of presenting demands; discretion of
1715. Buggy not exempt as a "wagon." Ding-chancellor; foreign creditors. Gray's Executor v. man v. Raymond, 27 Minn. 507.
1716. Buggy held a wagon." (Overruling the preceding.) Allen v. Coates (Minn.), 11 North W. Rep. 132.
1717. Exemption must be claimed with prompt- ness. Morris v. Shafer, 93 Pa. St. 489.
Exemption of Homestead, see that title.
Supplementary Proceedings.
1718. Supplementary proceedings commenced be- fore commissioner; power of Circuit Court limited to review of his orders; it cannot transfer the pro- ceedings into the Circuit Court. Clark v. Bergenthal, 52 Wis. 103.
1719. Sale of chattels subject to mortgage; offi- 7
Lewis (Ky.), 13 Rep. 108.
1731. Equitable action against non-resident exec- utor and his sureties; default in not accounting for proceeds of real estate under will, distinguished from trusteeship, and the executor held liable as such; but to hold the sureties, the prior statutory steps must be taken; special circumstances only can jus- tify interference of a court of Equity; cases reviewed. Hood v. Hood, 85 N. Y. 561.
1732. Administration granted in Rhode Island on estate of absentee supposed to be dead; ancillary letters granted in New York and bank deposit paid over to administrator; the supposed decedent may claim his property as taken without "due process of law; New York statute and decisions reviewed. Lavin v. Emigrant Bank, 18 Blatch. 1.
1738. Relation of removed executor to his suc- cessor; duty of turning over effects at once. dridge v. McClelland, 34 N. J. Eq. 237.
Powers and Duties; Executor as Trustee. 1739. Power given to executors to determine whether son had used moneys received judiciously, as a condition to his coming into full possession of testator's estate; held that the estate vested in him, subject to contingent defeat. Rock River Co. v. Fish (Mich.), 13 Rep. 17.
1740. Construction of will directing executors to allow testator's capital to remain in the business; allowing costs out of estate in action brought by executors for instructions. Dean v. Dean (Wis.), 11 North West. Rep. 239.
The same subject; Personal Liability. 1741. Liability of administrator for failure to apply proceeds of land sold to pay debts. Case, 34 N. J. Eq. 191.
1742. Not released from liability to co-executor for money collected by giving mortgage which proves worthless. Storms v. Quackenbush, 34 N. J. Eq. 201.
1743. Compelling administrator to account and pay legacies by bill in equity. Newman v. Warner, 34 N. J. Eq. 359.
1744. Indirect purchase by executors of testator's estate, for their own benefit, set aside; case dis- cussed where executors were also children, and tes-
tator contemplated that they should purchase. Creveling v. Fritts, 34 N. J. Eq. 134.
1745. Claim by executor of gift to himself of stock standing in testator's name; not a competent wit- ness for himself. Smith v. Burnet, 34 N. J. Eq.
1746. Liability for costs of executrix and legatee giving bond to pay all debts. Cole v. Will, 52 Wis.
1747. Duty to compound interest of trust fund; liability for lending at simple interest to co-executor. Perrine v. Petty, 34 N. J. Eq. 193.
1748. Inventory valuation not binding on co- executor, who was not a party to making it. Shum- way v. Graves, 13 N. Y. Week. Dig. 402.
1749. Executor paying legacies in U. S. bonds at face value held liable for the premium at market
rates, though acting in good faith, and in accord- ance with appraisal valuation; the rule as to lia- bility in case of concealment of proceeds of trust funds. Spaulding v. Wakefield's Estate, 53 Vt. 660. Allowances to Executor.
1750. Compensation not allowed to executor ap- pearing in person, though an attorney at law. Val- entine's Estate, 9 Abb. N. C. 313.
1751. Allowances to executors, etc., under New Jersey Act. Wolfe's Case, 34 N. J. Eq. 223. 1752. Allowances to executors; special case. Luse v. Rarick, 34 N. J. Eq. 212.
Claim; Probate Practice generally.
1753. Allowance of indorsement as a contingent claim. Curley v. Hand's Estate, 53 Vt. 524.
1754. Creditors not barred to present claims un- til decree. Terhune v. White, 34 N. J. 98; Parker v. Combs, id. 522.
1755. Application for extension of time allowed for presentation of claims. Sleeper v. Gould's Estate, 53 Vt. 111.
1756. Acceptance by creditor of general dividend when in fact entitled to preference; refusal of equit- able relief on ground of laches. Miller v. Harrison, 34 N. J. Eq. 374.
1757. Action for services by nurse and house- keeper of testator; how far declarations of plaintiff are competent; question whether legacy was in sat- isfaction. Fredenburgh v. Biddlecom, 85 N. Y. 196.
1758. Bill in equity by one loaning to adminis- trator, to sequester assets of estate for payment; par- ties; administrator without authority to pledge assets for money borrowed. Merchants' Bank v. Weeks, 53 Vt. 115.
1759. Purchaser's title under sale, by order of probate court, not affected by the discovery and admission to probate of a later will. Davis v. Gaines, 3 Morr. Transc. 298.
1760. Prosecution of claim by administrator in interest of heirs; waiver of objection to parties by pleading general issue. Holdridge v. Holdridge's Estate, 53 Vt. 546.
1761. Proceeding by executor to establish claim against estate; reference held proper; costs; allow- ances in lieu of costs; fees of referee. Kearney v. McKeon, 85 N. Y. 136.
1762. Liability of real estate for debts. Dawson v. Girard Trust Co., 27 Minn. 411.
1763. Executor not liable for funeral entertain- ment; neighborhood custom notwithstanding. Shaeffer v. Shaeffer, 54 Md. 679; 25 Alb. L. J. 44. 1764. Order to executor to sell land not appeala- ble. Martin's Estate, 56 Col. 208.
1765. Reference of disputed claims under Ver- mont Act; assumpsit on the award by heir against administrator. Powers v. Douglass, 53 Vt. 471.
1766. Action by legatee against executor; former decree in accounting by executor, held not binding on infant legatees for want of service, notwithstand- ing recital of service in the decree; assignees of legacy must be made parties. Hood v. Hood, 85 N. Y. 561.
1767. Settlement between distributees and cred- itors failing to present claims properly, held binding on court. Robbins v. Mylin, 34 N. J. Eq. 205. 1768. Verdict in probate proceedings as binding
1770. Exempt property of deceased not vested in executor. Scott v. Cunningham (Tex.), 13 Rep. 93. 1771. Cancellation of mortgage by next of kin set aside on administrator's application. v. Mutschler (notes), 34 N. J. Eq. 33. Expert Testimony; 1430, 2235, 2758. Express Company; 1516, 2473; and see CARRIER. Extradition.
1772. Under treaty with Great Britain; docu- mentary evidence; form of authentication; juris- diction of commissioner. Fowler, re, 18 Blatch.
1773. Requisites of rendition warrant; charge of statutory crime; charge by information. Hooper, re, 52 Wis. 699.
1774. Action against justice and town grand juror; justice having issued a mittimus with costs, after costs had been paid, and judgment being taken, in violation of agreement for continuance; not main- tainable. Ribling v. Clark, 53 Vt. 379.
1775. Time of limitation held to have expired, plaintiff having been discharged from the illegal imprisonment more than two years before, and after- ward appeared voluntarily to avoid threatened re- arrest upon revival of proceedings; whether mali- cious prosecution would have lain, quære. Dusen- bury v. Keiley, 85 N. Y. 383.
Related topics, ARREST; MALICIOUS PROSECUTION. False Pretenses (as a criminal offense); related topic, FRAUD.
False Representations; see FRAUD. Farm.
1776. Question whether an agreement to carry on was one of mere hiring, or such as to give part ownership. Porter v. Chandler, 27 Minn. 301. Related topic, CROPS.
1781. Agreement for extension; action on debt barred meanwhile. Lyman v. Rasmussen, 27 Minn. 384.
1782. Promise by creditor to forbear proceedings in bankruptcy. Ecker v. McAllister (54 Md.), 25 Alb. L. J. 16.
Forcible Entry and DETAINER.
1783. Minnesota Acts; jurisdiction of justice over parties resident in city within his county; statutory mode of appeals. Hoffman v. Parsons, 27 Minn. 236. Related topic, EJECTMENT.
1784. Altering accountable receipt for money; the obligation must be set out. State v. Riebe, 27 Minn. 315.
1785. Forgery of indorsement of bill of exchange; omission of middle initial in description of name immaterial. People v. Ferris, 56 Cal. 442.
1786. Indorser sued on forged note; proof of paying or recognizing other forged notes has no force against him; estoppel by acknowledging note in suit as valid before it was taken; letter-press copies not competent on issue of handwriting. Cohen v. Teller, 93 Pa. St. 123.
Related topic, ALTERATION OF INSTRUMENTS. Former Trial; see JUDGMENT; in Criminal Law,
Including False Representations (civil action), and Fraud of Creditors; as to Criminal proceedings for fraud, see FALSE PRETENSES.
1787. Inducing plaintiff to pay his own debt is not actionable. Brown v. Blunt (72 Me.), 25 Alb. L. J. 15.
1788. Cause of action in contract does not become one of tort by complaint's alleging false representa- tions. Sparmann v. Keim (notes), 9 Abb. N. C. 1.
1789. Right of action for fraud not conditional on returning personal obligation given by defend- ant. Dayton v. Monroe (Mich.), 13 Rep. 81.
1790. A simple preponderance of evidence suffi- cient to establish fraud. Bullard v. Creditors, 56 Cal. 600.
1791. Innocent false statement held not to estop. Sutton v. Wood, 27 Minn. 362.
1792. Evidence in special case. Sollund v. Johnson, 27 Minn. 455.
See also, 2027, 2263, 2703; as to Insurance and Sale, see those titles.
Fraudulent Conveyances; Fraud of Creditors. 1793. Plaintiff seeking to set aside must first have exhausted remedy at law. Genesee Bank v. Mead, 13 N. Y. Week. Dig. 356.
1794. Fraudulent mortgage not to stand for any part of the consideration. Heintze v. Bentley, 34 N. J. Eq. 562.
1795. Mortgage void if given with intent to delay creditors, though for valid debt. David v. Birchard (Wis.), 13 Rep. 128.
1796. Innocent mortgagee of fraudulent grantee may acquire valid title by buying in outstanding paramount right. Gjerness v. Mathews, 27 Minn. 320.
1797. Mortgage given for large sum when only a small one was due; declared void on the facts;
validity of mortgage in good faith for future ad- vances. Holt v. Creamer, 34 N. J. Eq. 181.
1798. Not set aside on suit of grantor; one claim- ing for tort is a creditor as regards right of assail- ing. Wier v. Day (Iowa), 25 Alb. L. J. 56. 1799. Conveyance set aside where plaintiff was sick at the time of making it, and the consideration was inadequate. Moore v. Moore, 56 Cal. 89.
1800. Injunction against cutting timber off land conveyed discontinued, it appearing that the land alone covered the creditor's claim. Portland Ass'n v. Creamer, 34 N. J. Eq. 107.
1801. Question on special case whether chattel mortgage was fraudulent. Solberg v. Peterson, 27 Minn. 431.
1802. Weight of evidence on special case. Camp- bell v. Landberg, 27 Minn. 454.
Other cases, 1817, 1861, 1949, 2312; related topics, BANKRUPTCY; CREDITOR'S BILL; MORTGAGE.
1804. Transfer to wife of property, in payment for loan by her twenty years before. Bruyes, 34 N. J. Eq. 19, 561.
1805. Conveyance to wife of land originally bought with his money, but taken in husband's name. City Bank v. Hamilton, 34 N. J. Eq. 158.
1806. Bill to set aside voluntary conveyance to wife maintainable by remainder-man against trustee of fund. Soden v. Soden, 34 N. J. Eq. 115.
1807. Voluntary conveyance by widower to chil- dren just before marriage, not a fraud on second wife. Hamilton v. Smith, 25 Alb. L. J. 57.
As to relation of Wife to Creditor, see also, HOME- STEAD; MARRIAGE. Game Laws.
1808. Vermont game laws; trespass maintainable by owner of leased land. Parmenter v. Caswell, 53 Vt. 6.
Garnishment or Trustee Process.
1810. Removal of action against garnishee; Wis- consin Act. Pratt v. Albright, 9 Fed. Rep. 634. 1811. Defendant cannot move for removal of pro- ceedings for prejudice of judge. Garland v. McKit- trick, 52 Wis. 261.
1812. Proceedings against garnishee in default. Hibernia Society v. Superior Court, 56 Cal. 265. 1813. Garnishee may be compelled before issue joined, to make his answer more definite. Lusk v. Galloway, 52 Wis. 164.
1814. Payment of costs out of fund garnished; discretion of court. Baker v. Lancashire Ins. Co.,
1815. Examination of garnishee; practice. Klau- ber v. Wright, 52 Wis. 303.
1816. Want of formal order admitting claimant, immaterial, if he has been treated as a party. Wil liams v. Pomeroy, 27 Minn. 85.
1821. To bank, of such sum as principal should borrow for business purposes; consideration need not requiring notice; bank's rights not affected by not be expressed; guaranty continuing and absolute, its becoming National bank; limitations; joint lia- bility renewable by one joint debtor as to himself. City Nat. Bank v. Phelps (N. Y.), 13 Rep. 119.
1822. Implied acceptance of guaranty by party Davis guaranteed; waiver of demand and notice. v. Wells (U. S. S. C.), 13 Rep. 1.
See also, 2002, 2125; as to Statute of Frauds, see that title.
1823. Validity of appointment of guardian for non-resident minor, as far as property within State is concerned; notice; presumption of jurisdiction of probate court; Minnesota Constitution and Acts reviewed. Davis v. Hudson, 11 North W. Rep. 136.
1824. A bill of review in favor of minors brought on the eldest attaining majority, was dismissed as too late, the guardian having been a party to orig- inal proceedings many years before; parties in pro- ceedings in orphans' court against lands charged with legacies. Littleton's Appeal, 93 Pa. St. 177.
1825. Ward entitled to foreclose mortgage given to surety by guardian; doctrine of mere right of subrogation disapproved. Morrill v. Morrill, 53 Vt.
1826. Petition for appointment of guardian for aged person; necessary allegations; verification must appear on face of record; the person proceeded against may defend. Royston's Appeal (Wis.), 11 North W. Rep. 36.
1827. Settlement of guardian's account in pro- bate; subsequent proceedings against sureties on the bond; cross-complaint alleging guardian's men- tal incapacity; averments must be specific. Brod- rib v. Brodrib, 56 Cal. 563.
1828. Charging guardian with annual interest; allowance of expenses on appeal. Shaw v. Bates, 53 Vt. 360.
1829. Obligation of orphans' court, to grant ap- plication of sureties, for relief from future acts of guardian. Allen v. Sanders, 34 N. J. Eq. 203.
1830. Application of guardian ad litem for leave to answer in foreclosure proceedings, he having no notice of his appointment till after judgment.
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