providence; between this Goddess, however, and Same, or Sma, the God dess of Truth or Justice, some confusion seems just now to exist. But we need not run through the catalogue of Egyptian Divinities, in which, we doubt, more confusion of this kind prevails. Osiris and Isis presided over a future state, the prototypes of Pluto and Proserpine: and the Marquis represented the whole history of their own, and their son Horus's adventures with Typhon, the prosopopeia of the evil principle, as an allegory of the fall of man and the deluge. The mys teries of Isis he conceives to have been illustrative of the doctrines of the immortality of the soul, and of a future state of reward and punishment; although when transported, without being understood, to corrupt and degenerate Greece and Rome, their essential spirit may have evaporated, and the preserved forms have been made the cloak for vicious orgies.

The Egyptian rites of burial, which manifestly supplied the Greeks with their Infernal Regions, were thus detailed by the Marquis from Diodorus Siculus; though we must acknowledge that the old historian's statement appeared to be modified and amplified from other, and to us unknown sources. The dead, after the process of embalming, were subjected to a regular trial, before 42 judges. The whole life of the deceased was investigated. Debtors were adjudged to their creditors; the wicked were denied the honours of sepulture, and condemned to be thrown into a ditch, called Tar tar, from a word implying the lamen tations of the family over this igno minious treatment of their relation. The virtuous were ordered to be solemnly interred; a formal eulogy was pronounced upon them, and a sort of certificate of acquittal attached to the mummy, which was then carried across a lake by a ferryman termed Charon, to the cemetery, always so situated, and named Helioshuth, a word importing repose. The principal of these Lakes, near Memphis, was called Acherusia. The friends committed the deceased to this place of honourable rest with three cries of farewell, called Cerber, the cry of the tomb. We must own it a little mortifying to see Tartarus thus transformed into a ditch, the terrific heads of Cerberus into

three simple good-by's, and the Elysian fields into a mere Churchyard, or at best, the Cimetière of the Père la Chaise.

But what has just been described related entirely to the corse; the immortal soul could not be so disposed of. For its accommodation the Universe was divided into three zones, containing 32 regions. The 1st, of four regions, was the zone of trial, earth; the 2d, of twelve regions, the zone of punishment, air; and the 3d, of sixteen regions, was the zone of repose or happiness, placed, we apprehend, beyond mortal ken. The mode of locating the newly emancipated soul amongst these various abodes, our lecturer illustrated by a very curious Hieroglyphic picture found upon a mummy. The original is in the Vatican library; it has been published and explained by that indefatigable investigator of old MSS. the Abate Mai. The scene pourtrayed lies in menti, the Hades of the Greeks. Osiris, its presiding Deity, is symbolically represented, with an altar before him, bearing bread, fruit, and the Lotus flower. This flower is supposed to contain Nile water, without which no sacrifice was complete. He is attended by Homset, the guardian of cemeteries. The soul of the deceased, Nesimandu, is waiting to be presented, if found worthy of that honour, by Same to Osiris. The Goddess receives from an attendant the sentence pronounced upon Nesimandu's body by the earthly judges, symbolically expressed ;from their strange-looking symbols, it is, not improbably, conjectured, that the Greeks took their Gorgons, Chimeras, &c. But the judgment of Gods is not to be determined by that of men, though this last may possibly be admitted in evidence. A pair of scales is ma aged by the Gods Thot and Horus. In one scale is an urn, supposed to contain the life and actions of the deceased; in the other a figure of Same, (Truth or Justice). The balance turns in favour of Nesimandu; Thot registers the weights, and Same presents the acquitted soul to Osiris. Most funeral scrolls found, appear to be of this favourable kind; but Marquis Spineto stated, that Champollion had informed Captain Sabine of his having seen one instance of a dissimilar result, where, the urn

proving light, the condemned soul, in the form of a dog with his tail between his legs, was kicked by Anubis up a flight of stairs; whether into some of the 12 regions of air for immediate condign punishment, or back to earth for further trial, according to the dogma of Metempsychosis, did not appear. Few Hieroglyphic monuments have been found of the Hieratic period, owing to the destructive ravages of the Hikshoz or Shepherd Kings, upwards of 2000 years B. C. The cordial abhorrence of the Egyptians for these barbarous Iconoclasts, whom they depicted upon the soles of their shoes to enjoy the pleasure of trampling upon them, is commemorated in the 46th chapter of Genesis, 34th verse, where Joseph says to his brethren, "For every Shepherd is an abomination unto the Egyptians." Some few inscriptions, however, of the earlier dynasties, seem to have been preserved, and placed amongst their own, by the Pharaohs of the 18th Dynasty, who restored the sacred buildings of Thebes, something less than 4000 years ago.

Many of the monuments hitherto deciphered derive their principal in terest from the confirmation they afford to Champollion's Hieroglyphic system. These consist of late inscriptions, in honour of Ptolemies and Cæsars. But some have been read of a similar kind, relating to the Pharaohs, which possess historical value, and their number will, we trust, rapidly increase, when Egypt shall be explored by Hieroglyphic students. The most curious of those yet found, is the Table of Abyden, discovered by Mr W. Bankes, in a palace of that city, founded upon the left bank of the Nile some 3000 years since. It contains a genealogical catalogue of Pharaohs; but ere we speak of it, we must explain the nature of the mystic titles or prænomens, assumed by Egyptian sovereigns.

Every Egyptian sovereign took to himself, one, if not half-a-dozen of these appellations, which consisted of such formula as, beloved by Ammon, by Phtha, by Isis, or any other God or Goddess; loving such Deity; ap proved by such Deity; ever Living, Lord of Truth, Sun of the World, &c. &c. These mystic titles served to distinguish kings of the same name from each other; hence their multiplied and varied combinations. If one Rhameses- Rhameses was a favourite name-bore the title, beloved by Am

mon, and another Rhameses wished to maintain his claim to so high an honour, he was compelled to add one of the other forms we have enumerated, or of the hundreds we have omitted. The selected titles in the selected order, formed that individual prenomen, which no other sovereign ever assu◄ med. Much of the confusion made by Greek historians with the names of Egyptian Kings, arose from mistaking these mystic titles for real names; Mai Ammon, probably was their Memnon. In inscriptions, these titles precede the name in a separate shield, both shields being surmounted by certain immutable titles. The whole title of the Pharaoh Shishak, recorded in Scripture as having plundered Jerusalem during the reign of Rehoboam, called Sesonchis by Manetho, runs thus; (we give his two oval rings with the detailed explanation, in the accom panying wood-cut ;)—the king of an obedient people, the Sun ruling the world, approved by Re, son of the Sun, beloved by Ammon, Sheshonk.

Now the table of Abydos contains forty shields, arranged in three lines. The first two consist wholly of mystic titles, without proper names annexed; the last line is entirely occupied with Rhameses the Great, otherwise Sesostris. We may conclude this table was carved during his reign. By comparison with other monuments, Champollion has ascertained that the kings, who respectively bore the mystic titles in the last thirteen shields of the second line, were the thirteen Pharaohs of the eighteenth dynasty, immediately preceding Rhameses Sesostris. He has, in the same way, assigned the five before them to five kings of the seventeenth dynasty, driven by the Hikshoz into Upper Egypt. The earlier series is imperfect, and the mystic titles it contains have not yet been recognised, as appertaining to any individual monarchs; but it is fair, nay inevitable, to conclude that they were borne by Pharaohs of earlier dynas◄ ties; and they thus afford presumptive proof that the Hieroglyphic system of writing existed anterior to the invasion of the Shepherd Kings. The genealogical order of the kings who have been made out, coincides precisely with the accounts transmitted to us by Manetho, thus confirming his long-rejected canon.

Another monument of the Pharaohs possesses a double interest. It relates to the celebrated conqueror, last

of this mystic learning. We know too little of the Anaglyphs, to judge of the probable justness of this conjec ture. But as the ancients always spoke of Hieroglyphics, we certainly are of

opinion that they alluded to some more enigmatical and obscure Hieroglyphics, rather than to pictures and sculp tures mentioned by them under the different name of Anaglyphs.

DEAR NORTH,

I COULD hardly prevail upon my self to write the words London and August in the same line. Yet it is even so; here I am, and the London season is over. Spite of the showery weather, the ruralists carry the day, and almost every "establishment" west of St James's street is either on the road, or giving dread note of preparation. Not a cloud that bursts, but drenches the light jackets of a thousand postilions, and from "morn till dewy eve," the bells of the inns along the roads, and the landladies thereof, cease not to wag their tongues. Heavens, what a fuss! and yet it is an English-looking sight, and does one's heart good, to see a great family upon the move down to their county seat. Behold, the cavalcade has just reached the inn door, and mine host, with hat in hand, runs to open the first carriage door, as fast as the fatness derived from thirty years' ale-drinking will allow. My lord and lady dis posed of, next draws up the family coach, which four horses could scarcely drag along, with its numerous contents, and look now at the happy faces of three or four charming children, all with their heads at the coachwindow, impatient for the door to open, that they may escape from their moving prison. They have not long to wait; the door is opened, and the most active of the three, springing into the arms of John the footman, climbs round upon his back, while the other two are taken in his arms, and away they go, a happy little company, to the inn. But the women are not out yetthere they go, one, two, three; mercy on us, are there any more of them? Yes, there are-four-five. There now, they are all down, and great settle ment there is of shawls and bonnets, and much running to and fro, and noise of voices not well harmonized, and inquiry touching the safety of bandboxes. Last comes the old phae. ton, built in the year of Grace 1807, in which do lie packed as convenient ly as space will permit, a tall, thin, pale gentleman in spectacles, with a black coat, and two young lads, to

London, 1st August, 1828. whom he discourseth learnedly upon the beauties of the surrounding sce nery. The tall person with the spec tacles, ladies and gentlemen, is the family tutor, and the two lads are his pupils, both of them as full of mischief as an egg is of meat. And now having got them all fairly housed, and refreshing themselves with a glass of wine and a biscuit, while the fresh horses are got ready, I return to London, from which I have wandered thus far, rather inadvertently.

Parliamentary business has closed, after a session which every good Tory must look back upon with great satisfaction. I say this, however, not so much with regard to the measures which have been adopted in Parliament, for we are even yet hardly out of the track, winding in its course, but leading to destruction, into which the pernicious counsels of the Liberals had brought us; but looking at the change which has taken place, particularly towards the close of the ses sion, in the tone of Parliament, and looking at the men under whose guidance we may expect the government to be, during the next session, I think there is a good prospect for the future. He must be a discontented fellow, "dour an' ill to please," and there fore no Tory, who, on comparing the state of things at the close of the present, with that at the close of last session, can fail to rejoice at the progress of events.

At this time last year, the govern ment was placed in the disgraceful situation of being supported by men who have, openly and acknowledgedly, no affection for the British Consti tution. So far are they from being attached to it, that it is their continual wish and effort to make changes in it, so important, that the goodly frame of laws and principles in which we Tories rejoice, could no longer be recognised by those who know it and revere it, as it is. Nor was this all: there was something so anomalous, so portentously strange, in the amalgamation which formed the strength of the government, that sober men stood asto