A.

Alva, Duke of, counsels violent mea-
sures against the Flemings, i. 341,
ii. 450; his cruelty, i. 343; his taxa-
tion, 344; his want of success,
347.

America, discovery of, ii. 69; cruel-

ties of the Spaniards, 81; English
settlements, 82. See American War.
American Congress, their proceedings,

ii. 378; their petition to the King
rejected, 438; their weakness, 476,
493; Federalism and Antifederal-
ism, 501.

War, rise of the, ii. 359,
371; books on the subject, 362;
causes of the war enumerated,
375; attempts at conciliation, 440;
end of the war, 488.
Anabaptists, burning of two, i. 294.
Angles, invasion of Britain by the,
i. 128.

Anglo-Saxon Constitution, why che-
rished even by the Normans, i.
175.
Anne, Queen, reign of, ii. 116; War

of the Spanish Succession, 128;
violence of parties, 142; change

of ministry, 157; Union of Eng-
land and Scotland, 175; intrigue to
restore the Stuarts frustrated, 206.
Arians and Socinians, laws against,

ii. 109.

Army, the American, its sufferings,
ii. 477, 480; its unjust treatment
after the war, 488; efforts of Wash-
ington to procure redress, 490.
Arnold of Underwalden, heroism and
death of, i. 239.

Arragonese Constitution, its peculiar
features, i. 226.

Ashby and White, great cause of, ii.
167.

Aula Regis, its origin, i. 169.
Austria, House of, its power reduced
by Gustavus Adolphus, i. 366; its
princes the greatest impediments to
the improvement of the world, 372;
Coxe's History, i. 358.

B.

Barbarians, Laws of the, Lecture on,
i. 46.

Barbarians and Romans, Lecture on,
i. 28.

Barebones' Parliament, its proceed-
ings, i. 455.

Barillon, the French Ambassador, his
intrigues with Charles II., i. 486,
ii. 31.

Barnstaple, petition of the borough
of, i. 165.

Barons, diminution of the power of
the, i. 89.
Barré, Colonel, his remarkable pre-
diction, ii. 384.

Bartholomew, massacre of St., its!

results, i. 315; reflections, 317.
Belhaven, Lord, speeches of, ii. 189,
197.

Belsham, his History of England, its
partisan character, ii. 339, 366.
Benedictines, literary labours of the,
i. 51, 118.
Beneficia. See Fiefs.
Bentivoglio, his view of the affairs of
the Netherlands, i. 337, ii. 448.
Bishops, English, their doctrine of pas-
sive obedience, i. 411; their unpopu-
larity and danger, 423; committal
of seven to the Tower, ii. 33; its
effect, 40.

Blackstone, his low character as a
political writer, i. 168.

Bolingbroke, Lord, his views on the
War of the Spanish Succession, ii.

121.

Books, Lord Bacon's advice as
reading, i. 11.

to

recommended, list of, i. vii.
Boston Port Bill, the, ii. 377, 424,
426.

Britain invaded by the Romans, i.
127; by the Saxons, 128; by the
Normans, 129. See England, Scot-
land.

Brunswick Family, establishment of
the, on the throne, ii. 206.
Buckingham, Duke of, miserable end
of, ii. 15.

Burgesses from the towns, when first
summoned to Parliament, i. 163.
Burgoyne, General, defeat of, by the
Americans, ii. 440.

Burgundians, their contests with
Charlemagne, i. 120; laws of the,

66.

Burke, work on the European Settle-

ments in America, ascribed to him,
ii. 83; his speeches on the Ameri-
can War, 404.
Burnet, the historian, estimate of his
character, ii. 38.

Bute, Earl of, his administration, ii.
337; observations on his system,
353.

C.

Cabal Ministry, the, i. 485; their
reward, ii. 16.

Cæsar, his interesting picture of the
Barbarians, i. 30.

Calvin, his cruelty to Servetus, i
268; h's intolerant advice to the
Protector Somerset, 293.
Calvinists, their sufferings in France,
i. 310, 314.

Capet, Hugh, usurps the crown of
France, i. 52; has his son crowned
in his own lifetime, 101.
Capitularies, the, their date, i. 57,
67; particulars respecting them,
120.

Carlisle, Bishop of, his speech in de-
fence of Richard II., i. 148.
Carteret, Lord, his foreign policy, ii.

275.

Castilian Cortes, consisted of three
estates, i. 228.

Catherine de Medicis, her character,
i. 310.

Celibacy of the clergy, important re-

sults of its establishment, i. 111.
Charlemagne, breaking up of his em-
pire, i. 48; his character, 119.
Charles IV., the Emperor, his Golden
Bull, i. 235.

Charles I., reign of, i. 393; his infa-

tuation, 393; Petition of Right,
397; tonnage and poundage, 401;
attempt to govern without a par-
liament, 402; war with the Scots,
411; the Long Parliament, 414;
civil war, 429; surrendered by the
Scots, 433; is executed, 437; his
character, 439.

Charles II. received by the Scots, i.
449; defeated at Worcester, 449;
restored by Monk, 471; his pro-
mises ill-observed, 482; his pro-
fligacy and baseness, 484; the Ca-
bal Ministry, 485; is bribed by
France, 487; claims a dispensing
power in ecclesiastical affairs, 496;
abandons it, 498; the Exclusion
Bill, ii. 3; the Rye-House Plot, 8;
the Popish Plot, 10; licetiousnessn
of his court, 14.

Churchmen and Dissenters, ii. 26.
Compton, Bishop, his ambiguous re-

Charters, the Great and Forest, i.
177, 187.

Chatham, Earl of, his opposition to

the American War, ii. 388.
Chivalry, its rise, i. 53; its character,
112, 114.

Christians, persecution of, by the
heathens, i. 256.

Churchill, Lord, his intrigues with
James II., ii. Sl. See Marl-
borough, Duke of.

Civil List, settlement of the, in the
time of William III., ii. 98, 113.
Civil War in England, its rise, i. 429;
battle of Naseby, 432; execution
of Charles I., 437; establishment
of a republic, 448; cost of the war,
465; restoration of the king, 471.
Clarendon, Lord, his picture of the
government of Charles I., i. 404;
his own character, 472.

second Earl of, his Diary,

ii. 38.
Clergy, power of the, not always ex-
ercised to the injury of society, i.
91; carried to its height by Pope
Gregory VII., 111; celibacy of the,
111.

Columbus, character of, ii. 65; his
projects disregarded, 66; at length
successful, 69; his chequered life,
70.

Commerce, rise and progress of, i.

88; its happy effects, 89; its gra-
dual advance, 104; decay of na-
tional spirit with the advance of
commerce, ii. 290.

Commines, Philip de, his account of
Louis XI., i. 212.
Commons, their original insignificance,
i. 133, 190; their contests with
Edward III., 142. See Parlia-

ment.

ply to James II., ii. 40.
Condé, Prince of, heads the French
Protestants, i. 310.

Constantinople, fall of, i. 246; revival
of learning in consequence, 249.
Convention, or Restoration Parlia-
ment, its judicious conduct, i.

471.

Convocation, condemnation of the, ii.
223.

Cornwallis, Lord, his defeat by the
Americans, ii. 441.

Cortes, the Spanish, its popular cha-
racter, i. 226.

Cortez, letters of, ii. 71; his achieve-
ments, 74.

Cotton's Abridgment of the Records,
its use,
i. 133.
Coxe, Archdeacon, his historical works,
i. 358, ii. 117, 170, 206, 269, 299.
Cranmer a persecutor, i. 270, 278.
Cromwell, Oliver, character of, i.
430; early becomes formidable, 432;
coerces the Parliament, 436; his
successes in Ireland and Scotland,
449; gains the battle of Worcester,
449; drives out the Parliament,
450; becomes Lord Protector, 451;
his first Parliament, 455; his se-
cond Parliament, 456; his third,
457; intrigues for the title of king,
457; fails, 457; difficulties with
his Parliament, 458; his death,
458; his usurpation not a success-
ful one, 458.

Cromwell, Richard, his brief Protec-
torate, i. 466.

Crown, early power of the, in Eng-
land, i. 88, 216; disturbed succes-
cession, 171; its increase in opu-
lence, 173; struggles with the Par-
liaments, 137, 397, 496; Protestant
settlement, ii. 115; attempt to en-
hance the power of the Crown,
337, 353.
Crusades, historians of the, i. 56;
their effects, 89, 91, 114.

Edward II., his reign variously re-
presented, i. 139.

Edward III., character of his reign,

i. 137; examination of Hume's
statements, 142.

Edward VI., his aversion to persecu-
tion, i. 270.

Elector Palatine, his misfortunes, i.
361.

Elizabeth, Queen, her intolerance, i.
296; constitutional history of her
reign, 378; her political wisdom,
385.

England, early influence of the Crown

n, i. 88; rise of the Parliament,

162; the power of taxation main-
tained by the Houses, 173; civil
wars, 429; Union with Scotland, ii.
175; the American War, 359.
England, Church of, its doctrines of
passive obedience, i. 411; aban-
doned, ii. 33, 39.

Europe, state of, during the Dark
Ages, i. 81.

Excise scheme of Sir Robert Wal-
pole, ii. 215.

Exclusion Bill, attempts to carry the,
ii. 3; their failure, 6.
Executive government, fatal effects
of the weakness of the, shown in
the case of the American Congress,
ii. 476, 493.

F.

Fairfax, character of, i. 430.
Female sex, high estimate of the,
among the Barbarians, i. 62.
Fenwick, Sir John, illegal proceedings
against, ii. 114.

Ferdinand II., the Emperor, his ar-
bitrary government, i. 360; his
tyrannical treatment of Hungary
and Bohemia, 372; his personal
character, 373.

Feria, Duke of, his moderate counsel

concerning the Flemings, ii. 448;
applied to the case of the American
Colonies, 448.

Feudal system, its rise, i. 50; writers
on, 51; its peculiarities in England,
80; abolished, 471.

Fiefs, their origin, i. 52; become
hereditary, 52.

Fletcher of Saltoun, his labours for
the independence of Scotland, ii.
188; his plans, 199.

Fortescue, Sir John, his treatises on

the Laws of England, i. 189.
Fox, the martyrologist, his fruitless
intercession for two Anabaptists,
i. 294.

France, early history of, i. 98; consti-
tutional history, 193; civil and re-
ligious wars, 301; contests with the
House of Austria, 370; the Spanish

Succession, ii. 118; assistance to the
Americans, 441.
France and England, commercial treaty
between, objected to and aban-
doned, ii. 171.

and Germany, effects of the
different species of monarchy esta-
blished in each, i. 49.
Francis I. of France, fanaticism of,
i. 268; his distrust of the Guises,
309.

Franklin, Dr., his examination in
Parliament, ii. 383.

Frederick II., the Emperor, his con-
tests with the Papacy, i. 125.
Frederick II. of Prussia, estimate of
his character, ii. 300; his seizure of
Silesia, 309; his scandalous conduct,
311; his philosophical and religious
speculations, 318; his correspond-
ence with Voltaire, 319.
Frederick, Prince of Wales, his op-
position to the Court, ii. 277.
Free and Imperial cities, their rise, i.
55.

French constitution, notice of its
state in early times, i. 101, 193.

history, tedious and repul-
sive character of the earlier part
of, i. 98.

- literature of the last century,
its vile character, ii. 318.

Parliaments, mere instru-
ments for registering the decrees
of the kings, 330.

Funds, the, their nature, ii. 331.

G.

General histories, their use, i. 7.
impressions, value of, i. 13.
George I., reign of, ii. 205; relief.
afforded to Dissenters, 222; his
speeches from the throne, 235.
George II., reign of, ii. 266; speeches
from the throne, 237; low estimate
of the statesmen of his time, 269;
changes of Ministers, 270, 276;
continental policy, 276; his death,
296.

George III., reign of, ii. 296; the

Golden Bull, the, of Charles IV., i.
235.

Goths, their terror of the Huns, i.
36.
Government, great problem of, ii. 150.
Great Councils, their importance under
the Norman kings, i. 171.
Gregory VII. establishes the celibacy
of the clergy, i. 111.
Grenville, Mr., his attempt to tax
the Colonists, ii. 377; his defence,
379.

Guises, distrust of the, by Francis I.,
i. 309; they head the Roman Ca-
tholics, 310; form the League, and
attempt to seize the throne, 320.
Gustavus Adolphus, King of Sweden,
his invasion of Germany considered,
i. 363.

H.

Habeas Corpus, writ of, i. 400; ii.
23.

Hæretico comburendo, writ de, i.
295.

Hale, Sir Matthew, prudent conduct
of, i. 477.

Hallam, his Constitutional History of
England, i. 130, 185.

Hampden, John, resists the payment
of ship-money, i. 408.
Hanseatic League, origin of the, i.
55; privileges bestowed on the
cities, 125.

Harley, the Tory minister, his tem-
porising policy, ii. 140.

Helvetic Confederacy, its formation,
i. 238.