VIRGINIA. Members of State board: Westmoreland Davis, governor; Harris Hart, superintendent of public instruction; John R. Saunders, attorney general; Dr. James M. Page, college professor; Col. Henry C. Ford, college professor; Dr. J. E. Williams, college professor; B. E. Copenhaver, county superintendent; James N. Hillman, secretary. Executive officer: Harris Hart, State superintendent of public instruction, Richmond. State supervisor for agriculture: Thomas D. Eason. State supervisor for trades and industries: Raymond V. Long. PROVISIONS FOR COOPERATION. The last assembly made an appropriation of $90,000 for the years 1920-21 and 1921-22 for aiding local communities in building and equipping departments of.vocational agriculture. AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION. The same provisions for supervision of agriculture continued as for the previous year. Fifty-three visits were nade to approved schools, in addition to visits to other schools for promotion purposes. One State conference and three regional conferences of teachers were held. At the session of the State Teachers' Association the agricultural teachers perfected a permanent organization and voted to meet each year at the time of the meeting of the State Teachers' Association. At the State fair the supervisor, with the assistance of the college of agriculture, held a stock-and-corn-judging contest for pupils in vocational classes. Fifteen schools were represented. Two bulletins were published, one entitled "Vocational Agriculture in the Secondary Schools of Virginia" and the other "The Home Project." Forty-two white schools, an increase of approximately 74 per cent over last year, were approved for Federal aid and enrolled 704 in vocational work. The total income from directed or supervised practice in agriculture in 1918-19 was $19,275.75, a return of 60 cents on every dollar expended for salaries of teachers of vocational agriculture, which was $30,481.98. Through the cooperation of the teacher-training department of the Virginia Normal and Industrial Institute several outlines and lists of equipment have been worked out for use in the colored schools. Five colored schools were approved for Federal aid and enrolled 94 pupils in vocational work. The total income from directed or supervised practice in agriculture in 1918-19 was $2,262.05. Part-time instruction was offered in one of the white schools and evening instruction was offered in six. No special organization was set up for these classes, nor was a special appropriation made for this work. The work was done by the instructors in agriculture and without additional compensation. Two additional men were added to the teacher-training staff at the Virginia Polytechnic Institute. One of these men devotes onefourth of his time to teacher-training work and three-fourths of his time to work in the Blacksburg High School, which is used as a school for giving supervised practice teaching. The total enrollment in the agricultural education department was 60, with 8 graduating. About 22 visits were made to schools in the interest of improving teachers in service by the teacher-training staff. A five weeks' summer school was held for teachers in service, with an enrollment of 171. The teacher training for colored schools is done at the Virginia Normal and Industrial Institute. The work was organized on the departmental basis and is in charge of a professor of agricultural education. The man in charge of this department did considerable itinerant instruction among the five colored schools receiving Federal aid. More interest is being displayed and more money is being spent for education in agriculture than ever before. Evidences of this interest are found in the attitude of the general faculty of the college of agriculture toward the department of agricultural education at the college; increased enrollment in this department; increased enrollment in the college of agriculture, due to the influence of the instructors in vocational education at teachers' conferences; willingness of boards of education and boards of supervisors to grant larger amounts for building operations and traveling expenses of teachers of agriculture; greater emphasis on agriculture at the normal schools; and realization by most of the agricultural agencies of the State that farming conditions must be improved. HOME ECONOMICS EDUCATION. In 1918-19 a member of the faculty of William and Mary College supervised the home economics education in Virginia on part time. The same arrangement was continued in 1919-20. It is probable that for 1920-21 a supervisor will be employed either on full time or at least a larger proportion of time than heretofore. In 1919-20 eight all-day departments (seven white and one Negro) and four evening centers were reimbursed from Federal funds. The enrollment in the evening classes was 683. Special State appropriations have made possible the organization of 16 additional vocational departments for home economics education, and approximately 14 more will be opened in 1920–21. Three institutions are designated to train teachers-the State normal school, at Harrisonburg; and William and Mary College, at Williamsburg, for white teachers; and the Virginia Normal and Industrial Institute, at Petersburg, for Negro teachers. William and Mary College, recently organized on the coeducational basis, has given the first two years work of a four-year course. The other two institutions have been giving home economics instruction for several years. The Harrisonburg Normal School maintains a four-year course and has a well-equipped practice house, while good practice teaching is offered in the Harrisonburg city and near-by rural schools. In the Armstrong High School, at Richmond, the largest number of the 370 Negro women enrolled in evening classes were found in the home-nursing courses, where practical experience was a prominent feature of the work. Cooperation with Richmond physicians enables the school to send its students out on actual cases under direction of a doctor. These periods of practical work were not counted as absences but as a part of the training course. At completion of a case the physician gives a certificate to the nurse. In this method of cooperating theory and practice the student had a splendid opportunity of testing her knowledge by practical application. TRADE AND INDUSTRIAL EDUCATION. Roanoke, Portsmouth, and Norfolk for the first time have responded to the privileges offered by the State board in the inaugu ration of programs of industrial education. The city of Richmond has continued its program of previous years with slight modifications. This city anticipates providing a full-time director for the ensuing year. A special feature of the part-time work is to be noted in the inauguration of apprenticeship courses by the Portsmouth city board in connection with the United States navy yard. Other types in the part-time field are general continuation courses in the cotton mills of Danville and courses in citizenship and retail selling at Richmond. The Bedford city high school has maintained a general industrial course centered around the building trades. Sixteen evening courses in four cities have been approved, and three cities with six centers have conducted part-time courses. Eight unit trade courses have been in operation in four cities. In all types of instruction there were a total of 30, as compared with 14 of the previous year. The school board of Richmond has been charged with the training of shop teachers and has had a full-time instructor trainer engaged in this work during the year. Virginia Polytechnic Institute, designated as the institution for training related-subjects teachers, has employed a full-time instructor preparatory to the organization of the work for the ensuing year. The Norfolk school board has been charged by the State board with the training of such teachers as were needed for its local schools. The Virginia Normal and Industrial College has had similar courses in operation for the training of teachers of the Negro race. WASHINGTON. Members of State board: Josephine Corliss Preston, State superintendent of public instruction; Henry Suzallo, president of State university; E. C. Holland, president of State College; George H. Black, president of State normal school; William F. Geiger, city superintendent; H. M. Hart, high school superintendent; Georgian Donald, representing county superintendents of schools. Executive officer: Josephine Corliss Preston, State superintendent of public instruction, Olympia. State director of vocational education: W. G. Hummel. State supervisor of agricultural education: H. M. Skidmore. AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION. The State board for vocational education and the Washington College, the teacher-training institution, employed jointly a State supervisor of agriculture up to September 15, 1919, when the State college employed a full-time teacher trainer, and the State board employed a full-time State supervisor. The latter's duties included, among other things, 89 visits to schools, 2 State conferences of teachers, and the perfecting of office records for supervisory purposes. A bulletin on the organization of high-school courses in agriculture was prepared by the director. Nineteen schools, an increase of approximately 46 per cent over last year, were approved for Federal aid and enrolled 308 pupils in vocational work. The total income from directed or supervised practice in agriculture in 1918-19 was $67,861.70. These figures are rather significant in that the total income from directed or supervised practice in agriculture is greater than the sum of the amounts spent in the State for agricultural education by the Federal Board, the local boards, and the State board combined. It is also more than five times as much as the State legislature appropriated for vocational education for the year. All this is in spite of the fact that stress is not laid upon financial gain but rather upon educational attainment. ་ The training of teachers in vocational agriculture in Washington has been conducted by the State college. A full-time professor of agricultural education has been put in charge, who gives all instruction in special methods and supervised practice teaching. The en rollment in this department was 34, in addition to a rather large enrollment in a special methods class given in the summer school. Practice teaching was provided in the city schools and in the elementary science department of the State college. HOME ECONOMICS EDUCATION. Up to April 1, the supervision of home economics was carried on by two persons-one loaned from the State university, and one from the State college. At that time a full-time supervisor was appointed, The 7 all-day schools reimbursed-5 departments in high schools and 2 departments in junior high schools-show an increase of 5 schools over last year's report. The total enrollment was 220. Two part-time classes enrolled 36 students, while 1 evening center, with 3 classes, enrolled 32 students. The State university and the State agricultural college have been designated to train vocational teachers of home economics. At the university there were 19 enrolled in the vocational course and at the State college 18. Plans are being made by the State college to train teachers for part-time and evening schools at a center in Spokane. TRADE AND INDUSTRIAL EDUCATION. During the past year the teacher trainer in industrial education has been giving approximately one-half of his time to assisting the State director in supervising the trade and industrial work. The teacher-training work being given two days a week-namely, Mondays and Wednesdays-has made it difficult for either of these phases of the work, teacher training or supervision, to be carried on unhampered. A different arrangement will be made for the coming year. During the past year 4 cities organized 12 all-day trade or industrial classes, with an enrollment of 154 students, and 1 part-time tradeextension class for printers' apprentices, with 6 students, and 5 cities organized 18 evening trade and industrial classes, with an attendance of 430 students, and 7 part-time general continuation classes, with an attendance of 92 students, as compared with 11 evening classes, with an enrollment of 871 students (this number includes several special war training classes), 5 all-day classes, with an enrollment of 125 students, and two part-time classes, with an enrollment of 32 students, for the preceding year. Teacher-training work in trades and industries has been carried on by the University of Washington in cooperation with the State board for vocational education. Courses in methods, trade analysis, and practice teaching have been given evenings throughout the year. Courses in methods, trade analysis, and part-time work were given during the summer session. There has been a total enrollment |