four times during the year at intervals of two months each. In addition to approximately 300 supervisory visits the following general work has been done: Schools applying for Federal aid for 1920-21 were inspected; three bulletins were prepared entitled" Laboratory exercises in animal production," "Laboratory exercises in plant production," and "A year's work in plant production"; promotion work in connection with the representation of 14 schools at the Southwestern Live Stock Show; and the contest held during the farmers' shop course at the Agricultural and Mechanical College. Approximately 25 supervisory visits were made to colored schools by the same supervisory staff as that for the white schools. A twoday conference with teachers was held at the teacher-training institution. Seventy white schools, an increase of approximately 143 per cent over last year, were approved for Federal aid and enrolled 842 pupils in vocational work. The total income of pupils from directed or supervised practice in agriculture in 1918-19 was $9,625.42, a return of 42 cents on every dollar expended for salaries of teachers of vocational agriculture, which was $23,047.50. Six colored schools, an increase of approximately 100 per cent over last year, were approved for Federal aid and enrolled 89 pupils in vocational work. The total income of pupils from directed or supervised practice in agriculture in 1918-19 was $962.13. The provision for teacher-training work at the agricultural and mechanical college continued practically as it was for the previous year with an enrollment of 35. Definite teacher-training work was organized at the colored agricultural and mechanical college with an enrollment of 10 students. In addition to this the professor of agricultural education devoted considerable time to the improvement of teachers of vocational agriculture in colored schools. A summer session for teachers in service was held at both teacher-training institutions. HOME ECONOMICS EDUCATION. A State supervisor of home economics education and an assistant were employed on full time in the year 1919-20. The same policy will be followed in 1920-21. In 1917-18 there were 3 departments in day schools and 2 evening schools for vocational education in home economics. In 1918-19 there were 8 departments in day schools and 1 evening school with 8 classes registering 150 pupils. In 1919-20 there were 29 day schools, with a registration of 574 students, and 3 evening schools of 10 classes, with registration of 297. The work in clothing in the public schools was made very interesting through the stimulus of a State clothing contest for girls, in which a large number of schools in the State participated. Teacher training for white teachers is conducted at the University of Texas, Austin, the State College of Industrial Arts, Denton, and the Southwest Texas State Normal School, San Marcos; for Negro teachers at the Prairie View Normal and Industrial College, Prairie View. The Negro teacher-training institution employed in 1919-20 a competent head for the training of teachers in home economics, and an arrangement was made by which she also supervised the work of the Negro schools in the State. TRADE AND INDUSTRIAL EDUCATION. The ample provision for supervision which the State has had during the year has resulted in the inauguration of a representative program and a good expansion in the work given over that of the preceding year. A full-time supervisor has been assisted by a fulltime assistant supervisor for industrial work among the girls and women. All types of schools under the vocational act are provided for and have been put in operation in the State of Texas. The principal cities, Dallas, El Paso, Fort Worth, Houston, and San Antonio, have enlarged their programs over the previous year. The parttime work has been of a general continuation nature either in academic subjects or salesmanship. Evening schools have been distributed uniformly throughout the State. Part-time work was limited to Dallas, Fort Stockton, Houston, and Victoria. Thirty-six evening courses in 12 centers of 6 cities have had approval for Federal aid. Seven centers in 4 cities have had part-time instruction, and instruction in 11 unit trades was given in 7 different cities. The agricultural and mechanical college has conducted extension courses for teacher training at Houston and Dallas. The University of Texas has had extension courses in operation at Fort Worth for men, and at Houston and Fort Worth for women. The State board conducts teacher training for teachers in service through its supervisors. The total number of courses given during the year is represented by an increase of 104 per cent. UTAH. Members of State board: G. W. Child, State superintendent of public instruction; John A. Widtsoe, president of university; E. G. Peterson, president of agricultural college; Henry Barker, school principal; George A. Eaton, school principal; J. E. Magleby, farmer; Mrs. William Reid, housewife; J. C. Swenson, professor, Brigham Young University; D. C. Jensen, district superintendent of schools. Executive officer: G. W. Child, State superintendent of public instruction, Salt Lake City. State director of vocational education: Francis W. Kirkham. State supervisor of home economics: Jean Cox. State supervisors of trades and industries: H. A. Tiemann and I. S. Noall. AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION. The State supervisor, in addition to visiting approved schools, held in cooperation with the teacher-training department five regional conferences. There was also a week's conference held at the State agricultural college and a State-wide educational campaign to promote public-school education in Utah, and to acquaint the public with the new educational laws of the State, including the vocational education act. The State supervisor prepared a monthly "Agricultural Student" for distribution to teachers and pupils, issued a vocational agricultural bulletin on "Summer Practical Work," and printed 1,000 copies of a 48-page bulletin on "Farm Mechanic Achievements in Utah High Schools, 1919-20." Special emphasis during the year was put upon the necessary mechanical skills to equip the boys for their types of farming. Six new shop buildings were erected by high schools for this purpose with doors wide enough to admit big farm wagons and autos. Six other schools have funds raised for similar purposes. Twenty-six schools, an increase of approximately 14 per cent over last year, were approved for Federal aid and enrolled 766 pupils in vocational work. The total income from directed or supervised practice in agriculture in 1918-19 was $45,306.06, an average income of $149.03 per pupil. Some schools that have applied for Federal aid seem not to desire supervision or to engage their instructors over the 12 months, because the boys largely ride the range and do not remain at home. Moreover, in some of the districts in high altitudes the industry is chiefly cattle and sheep raising, using the summer range in the mountains; hence, in the valleys hay is almost the only crop on a commercial scale. In these cases the boards of education do not seem inclined to pay for a man to supervise over the summer months. These schools may be discontinued, hence the number of schools subsidized may remain about stationary for some time. The teacher-training work continued practically as it was for the previous year, enrolling 13 men in the course. The plan of work in itinerant-teacher training includes one-half the time of the State supervisor of agricultural education and one fourth the time of the teacher-trainer in agricultural education. Increased Federal subsidy, according to State officials, is the greatest need at the present time. The State has exceeded the Federal 15449°-20—12 subsidy two and one-half times, yet the amount available for 26 high schools qualifying is not large enough to meet salary requirements. HOME ECONOMICS EDUCATION. The vocational work in this State is showing the effects of two years of full-time supervision. The cooperation with all school people of the State has been splendid. The supervisor held district conferences several times during the year and one State conference of two weeks. She also prepared a bulletin on home projects. There were 32 all-day vocational schools, all departmental, enrolling 2,901 students, with 521 teachers—an increase of two departments, 4 teachers, and 1,705 students over the previous year's report. The enrollment of students has more than doubled. These schools are employing 33 twelve-months' teachers, who spend their summers supervising home project work. The latter work is elective, but 1,614 girls were being supervised during the summer of 1920. There were 7 part-time classes, with an enrollment of 211 students. The part-time law has put most of the over-age girls back in school, as there are few industries for them to enter. There were 2 evening classes, with an enrollment of 65 students.. The agricultural college, in cooperation with the educational department of the State university, is training the vocational teachers of home economics. There were 35 vocational students enrolled in the teacher-training course. Itinerant teacher training was carried on for three months by the person in charge of teacher-training work at the university. She was also able to do some itinerant teaching in the vocational classes. TRADE AND INDUSTRIAL EDUCATION. Trade and industrial evening schools have been established in a total of 13 different cities and 14 centers, with 22 short unit courses in a total of 25 classes. The part-time compulsory law passed by the legislature one year ago has been aggressively applied. All youth under the age of 18 employed or not in school have been required to attend a minimum of 144 hours per year. One city has an all-day school with six unit trade groups. Foreman-training and itinerant teacher-training classes were organized and conducted in a number of different centers during the year. The foreman training was largely in connection with railroad shops and the building trades, while itinerant teacher training was carried on in connection with the sugar refineries. VERMONT. Members of State board: L. B. Johnson, publisher; F. H. Brooks, manufacturer: A. W. Hewitt, clergyman; M. C. Webber, lawyer: F. A. Howland, insurance. Executive officer: M. B. Hillegas, commissioner of education, Mont pelier. State supervisor of vocational agriculture: H. H. Gibson. AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION. The State supervisor of agriculture resigned about the middle of the year, and the work of supervision was carried on by the man in charge of teacher training at the State university. The supervisor made about 50 visits to the schools, held two conferences during the year, and issued a monthly news letter in cooperation with the teacher-training department. Two special schools of agriculture were approved for Federal aid and enrolled 160 pupils for vocational work. The teacher-training work was continued practically as it was for the previous year, with an enrollment of six students. Some itinerant instruction was done. HOME ECONOMICS EDUCATION. The supervision of home economics work has been carried on by a member of the teacher-training institution loaned for two-thirds of her time. Her work has been largely promotional. There was but one day vocational school, with an enrollment of 5 students. Five evening school centers, with 8 classes, enrolled 136 students. Vermont offers a real opportunity for evening-school work, because of the number of women employed in the mills. The University of Vermont has been designated to train vocational teachers of home economics. There were 63 students enrolled in the course. So far training has been given only to those preparing for day vocational work. As evening classes develop, some provision should be made for the training of vocational teachers for these classes. The supervisor was able to meet the home economics teachers of the State in conference at county teachers' meetings and at a twodays' conference at the university. She did considerable itinerant teacher training among teachers of general home economics in the high schools. TRADE AND INDUSTRIAL EDUCATION. Cooperative part-time classes were carried on in connection with industries in Springfield and St. Johnsbury. No instructor training was given during the year. A number of the manufacturing cities in the State offer exceptional opportunities for extending the benefits of trade and industrial training. The cooperative part-time schools mentioned above take the place of unit trade schools but do not satisfy the need for evening instruction. |