before the provisions of the Federal vocational act were accepted. A State supervisor for home economics has been employed on full time since October 15, 1916.

In 1919-20 10 all-day home economics departments, with an enrollment of 239, were reimbursed from Federal funds. Twentyeight evening centers were opened, with an enrollment of 4,815. In the vocational work in home economics home projects were required and ten 12-months' teachers employed.

The following State institutions were approved for the training of teachers of home economics: Indiana University, Bloomington; Purdue University, Lafayette; and the State Normal School, Terre Haute. Only the last two were reimbursed from Federal funds in 1919-20. In each of these institutions practice houses have been opened for supervised home management, while supervised teaching is carried on in the local public schools.

TRADE AND INDUSTRIAL EDUCATION.

During the year 1919-20 greater progress was made in the State program of vocational education than in any other year since the passage of the State vocational law in 1913.

The evening schools maintained their enrollment of the year before, with a much higher average attendance, showing a steadiness of purpose among the students which was very gratifying. There was a general tendency to emphasize the short-unit courses, with excellent results.

In the all-day vocational schools the need for practical projects was emphasized. Many schools succeeded in establishing such working relations with local industries that shop projects were secured and the products afterwards turned over to the manufacturer. This kept shop standards of workmanship before the students and served to vitalize the school work. Boys were inclined to strive for higher standards when they realized that their work was to be used in an industrial plant.

Progress in the part-time vocational training program was espe cially marked during the year 1919-20. The following cities required the school attendance of their employed boys and girls between the ages of 14 and 16, for four clock hours per week: Anderson, Columbus, Crawfordsville, Elkhart, Evansville, Fort Wayne, Gary, Hammond, Huntington, Kokomo, Lawrenceburg, Logansport, Madison, Richmond, South Bend, Terre Haute, and Vincennes.

Special district conferences for the promotion of vocational education were conducted by the State vocational director and members of the State vocational staff. These conferences had the effect of advertising the work of the leading cities, so that they served as

standards toward which the other schools could strive. Much interest and some healthy rivalry was thus developed.

Teacher-training work was carried on in each of the three State educational institutions, namely, Purdue University, Indiana University, and the State Normal School, throughout the year. During the summer session special programs were carried out by each of these institutions. Special courses in vocational guidance and history of vocational education attracted a number of teachers and tradesmen. Courses were also offered dealing especially with the part-time problem, as follows: (a) The organization and administration of part-time classes; (b) civics for part-time classes; and (c) mathematics for part-time classes. These courses were offered by educational workers selected from the State forces who had had practical experience in their respective fields. Following the summer school, the subject matter of the courses was put in mimeograph form for use and criticism of the teachers. It is hoped to make this the first step in a more complete part-time course of study.

District center teacher-training instruction was carried on in Anderson, Evansville, Fort Wayne, Richmond, and South Bend. Groups of vocational teachers and tradesmen were registered. The general plan was to encourage each member of the group to bring in his own specific problems for study and discussion.

IOWA.

Members of State board (all ex officio and the same as last year): P. E. McClenahan, State superintendent of public instruction, chairman; D. D. Murphy, president, State board of education; A. L. Urick, State commissioner of labor.

Membership of nine on the State advisory committee is full by reappointment of members whose terms expired at the end of the fiscal

year.

Local advisory committees, as required by State law in cities of 5,000 or more having part-time work under the continuation school law and vocational work, and in others doing any form of vocational work for reimbursement, have been appointed and in most cases have been used in a helpful way by local school authorities.

The advisory board system of the State seems to bring the work nearer to the people in general and gives opportunity to get the viewpoint of persons interested in the different phases of economic, social, and civic life as an aid in shaping the program of vocational adjustments in public education. The advisory board system so far has been helpful and no serious objections have yet arisen.

PROVISIONS FOR COOPERATION.

For the past year the time of one person has been divided on a basis of one-fifth on general directorship and four-fifths on super

vision of vocational agricultural work. Half of the time of another man was used as assistant supervisor in agriculture. The other half year of his time was spent on the campus of the Iowa State College at Ames, as assistant professor in the teacher training.

Full time of one man was given to supervision of trade and industrial education, including the part-time work established in 16 cities. Trade and industrial educational development is important in this State, and a glance at the financial report shows it has made desirable progress the past year.

A home-economics supervisor was employed for full time. The work has moved forward in a very satisfactory manner. State appropriations in the proportion of $5 as against $3 of Federal money was used to make a larger fund, which was offered on a dollar for a dollar basis against local money, and even so the fund was exhausted, with other localities requesting approval for reimbursement.

AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION.

The supervisory staff continued as for the previous year. Seventytwo visits were made to schools, 11 conferences were held with teachers, and 25 conferences were held with school authorities on vocational agriculture. Special attention was given during the year to the organization of short courses and evening work. Forty pages of mimeographed material on outlines of courses of study and suggestions were sent to teachers, together with two bulletins on State plans and directions.

Twenty-four schools, an increase of approximately 100 per cent over last year, were approved for Federal aid and enrolled 385 pupils in vocational work. Short courses were organized in 20 centers, with an attendance of 235. Three evening classes were also established, with an enrollment of 120.

Teacher-training work was continued at the Iowa State Agricultural College, with an enrollment of 10 in the senior year. The local high school and another about 4 miles from Ames served as schools in which observation and practice teaching was done. A six weeks' summer session was held, with an attendance of 15.

With the well-organized teacher-training work, stress being placed on short-course instruction, together with adequate supervision, the future success of vocational agricultural education in Iowa is assured.

HOME ECONOMICS EDUCATION.

In 1920 a full-time supervisor of home economics education was employed. Prior to that time the supervision had been under the director for vocational education. In 1918-19, 4 all-day classes in home economics were approved, but no part-time or evening classes.

In 1919-20, under the direction of a full-time supervisor, 11 all-day departments were approved, enrolling 277 students; 4 evening centers, enrolling 619 students; and 3 part-time extension classes, enrolling 164 students.

The State college was reimbursed for the training of teachers in home economics. The State university and State teachers' college have also been approved for the coming year. Two of these institutions maintain practice houses for supervised home management, and all of them have good facilities for practice teaching.

TRADE AND INDUSTRIAL EDUCATION.

In Iowa during the past year the principal development has been in the line of part-time work, and in this connection it is encouraging to note that 10 per cent of the pupils enrolled in part-time classes have been in those of the trade-extension type. Evening classes show a marked improvement both in the number of classes and the character of the work. Instructor training has also shown a marked improvement during the year.

KANSAS.

Members of State board: Lorraine E. Wooster, State superintendent of public instruction; E. H. Lindley, chancellor, State university; W. M. Jardine, president, State agricultural college; T. W. Butcher, president of State normal school, Emporia; W. A. Brandenburg, president of State normal school, Pittsburg; W. A. Lewis, president of State normal school, Hays; J. F. Barnhill, superintendent, city schools, Parsons; C. O. Smith, superintendent, city schools, Marysville; S. P. Rowland, county superintendent, Reno County, Hutchinson.

Executive officer: Lorraine E. Wooster, State superintendent of public instruction, Topeka.

State director for vocational education: C. V. Williams.

State supervisor for agricultural education: William R. Curry. State supervisor and teacher-training agent for trades and industries: L. E. Nofsinger.

PROVISIONS FOR COOPERATION.

The Federal act was accepted by State statute approved March 12, 1917. The State board of education was designated as the State board for vocational education. The 1919 session of the legislature provided for the year 1919-20, $52,541; for the year 1920-21, $63,370. A portion of this fund may be used to defray the expenses of administration and supervision.

AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION.

In addition to a full-time State supervisor of agriculture, the director of vocational education devoted half his time to this work until May 15, when he resigned. Eighty-four schools were visited and two conferences held. A monthly news letter was used to improve teachers in service and for general promotion.

Thirty-two schools, an increase of approximately 100 per cent over last year, were approved for Federal aid and enrolled 615 pupils in vocational work. The total income of pupils from directed or supervised practice in agriculture for 1918-19 was $14,088.11.

The Kansas Agricultural College continued to train teachers and enrolled 5 men in the senior year and 4 in the junior year. A summer session of eight weeks was held during 1919, with an enrollment of 12. The opportunity for the development of vocational work in agriculture is very promising in practically all sections of the State at the present time. The number of schools ready and willing to qualify for aid is double the number that can receive aid, owing to limited funds and also the scarcity of properly qualified teachers of agriculture. A definite system of supervision has been worked out, a State course of study in vocational agriculture has been de-* veloped, and the vocational agricultural departments are better organized for work at the close of this fiscal year than at any previous time.

HOME ECONOMICS EDUCATION.

Supervision of home economics education in the State of Kansas has up to the present time been in charge of a member of the home economics faculty of the State agricultural college, loaned for that purpose. In 1920-21 a State supervisor of home economics education will be employed on full time.

In 1918-19 one all-day department for Negroes was reimbursed, and eight evening classes. In 1919-20 one all-day department for white pupils and two for Negroes were reimbursed, and four evening centers, with a total enrollment of 492.

The following institutions have been approved for the training of teachers in home economics: The State agricultural college at Manhattan, and the State university at Lawrence. In the former a practice college is maintained for supervised home-management instruction, with six weeks' residence per pupil. In the latter the home of the head of the teacher-training department is utilized for this purpose. Supervised teaching in both institutions is conducted in the local city schools.