of agriculture organizes groups of classes for instruction in agriculture in at least four high schools of his county. These classes received this year not less than 20 or 24 lessons of 90 minutes each. These lessons are in vocational agriculture and bear directly on agricultural projects. A part of the time of the county vocational supervisor of agriculture is devoted to carrying on promotional work in the county under the direction of the State director of agricultural education.

The State agricultural college continued to train teachers for the State board and gave four courses on which reimbursement from Federal funds is based.

HOME-ECONOMICS EDUCATION.

The home-economics work in Pennsylvania is under the direction of two full-time supervisors; one is in the office of the supervisor of agricultural education, who has charge of the work in cities of under 5,000; the other, who is under the general direction of the director of trades and industry, has charge of the work in cities of over 5,000. The teachers for the schools of Pennsylvania are being trained at the State college of agriculture.

TRADE AND INDUSTRIAL EDUCATION.

Few States possess greater industrial-training possibilities than the State of Pennsylvania. With large industries, involving coal mining, steel-manufacturing plants, cement and slate industries, shipbuilding, and textile plants, the State offers great possibilities for the development of vocational training in the field of trade and industrial education. The occupations in which men and women are employed vary from those for which but very little skill is required to highly specialized jobs requiring well-trained employees. Schools approved for Federal aid include 13 evening centers, 115 part-time, 4 all-day unit trade schools, and 4 general industrial schools. For each of the 13 evening centers there are 590,000 people in the State. Teacher-training instruction is carried on at 6 centers and includes the preparation of shop and related subjects instructors for trade and industrial subjects. They have all been established during the present year and are located at Philadelphia, Williamsport, Johnstown, Erie, Homestead, and Pittsburgh. At the present time plans are under way for the establishing of a unified course of study for the above centers. Studies of the local conditions in 13 cities were made by representatives of the State department. Reports indicate that these studies resulted in the establishment of schools in three centers. An investigation to determine child-labor conditions in the anthracite coal region is under way.

DELAWARE.

Membership of State board: George B. Miller, business man; Pierre S. Du Pont, business man; Harvey P. Hall, business man; A. Brainard Peet, farmer; Harvey F. Marvil, manufacturer.

Executive officer: A. R. Spaid, State commissioner of education, Dover.

State director of vocational education: None.

State supervisor for agricultural education: L. C. Armstrong. State supervisor for home-economics education: S. Helen Bridge. State supervisor for trade and industrial education: J. T. Ryan.

PROVISIONS FOR COOPERATION.

The Federal act was accepted by State statute approved April 2, 1917. This act of acceptance was amended by the legislature of 1919 and the conditions of acceptance were incorporated as a part of the general school code. The State board of education is designated as the State board for vocational education. The amount of State funds is $20,000 annually for the biennial period 1919-1921. This amount matches the amount to be received from Federal funds. There is also an annual appropriation of $2,000 for the administration and supervision of vocational education. In addition to these specific appropriations $32,000 have been made by the State to supplement the State and Federal funds for vocational education for the biennial period 1919-1921.

AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION.

The State board employed a full-time supervisor of vocational agriculture. During the year 5 schools with an enrollment of 70 pupils received aid, as against 3 schools with an enrollment of 59 pupils for the previous year. Vocational pupils in last year's schools made from directed or supervised practical work in agriculture approximately $1,693.88.

The State agricultural college was designated by the board to do teacher-training work.

The prospects for the coming year are good, as the new school code makes the teaching of vocational agriculture obligatory in all of the high schools of the State. Twenty-two new departments will be added as a result of this new legislation.

HOME ECONOMICS EDUCATION.

The State supervisor was lent from the women's college to the State department for half time. Valuable service was rendered by frequent visits to the schools and monthly conferences held with the Vocational teachers. Excellent suggestions for the development of the work were also sent out from the State office. There were 5

departments in day schools with an enrollment of 151 pupils. In most of these classes the teachers were either graduates from a fouryear college course in home economics or had practical home experience and successful teaching experience. Some home-project work was required of every school receiving Federal aid.

The training required of teachers of home economics is done at the women's college. Opportunity for practice teaching is provided for these girls in the high schools of the neighboring town. A special conference was called at the end of the school year of all the home-economics teachers to discuss the new vocational program for Delaware. There is a fine outlook for the future development of the work.

TRADE AND INDUSTRIAL EDUCATION.

A supervisor is employed on a half-time basis. There are no all-day unit trade schools established in this State. Four evening classes are conducted in the city of Wilmington, and three part-time centers are approved for Federal aid. These classes have been largely concerned with those occupations connected with the shipbuilding industry. The principal industries of the State of Delaware include steel ship construction, malleable and manganese iron products, machine tools, paper machinery, power machinery, leather and leather goods, and chemicals and explosives. Most of these industries are located in cities under 25,000. Wilmington presents unusual opportunities for industrial education. One instructor-training class was begun during the year. Meetings were held in Delaware college and in the city of Wilmington and involved training given to those in service. Investigations were carried on by the State supervisor and the regional agent in plants in Wilmington, Newark, and Newcastle, with a view to recommendations concerning the establishment of part-time and evening classes.

MARYLAND.

Membership of State board: T. H. Lewis, college president; W. T. Warburton, lawyer; T. H. Bock, manufacturer; Clayton Purnell, lawyer; Sterling Galt, publisher; J. M. T. Finney, surgeon; one vacancy. Executive officer: M. Bates Stephens, State superintendent of schools, Baltimore.

State director for vocational education: G. H. Reavis.

State supervisor for agricultural education: H. F. Cotterman. State supervisor for trade and industrial education: L. A. Emer

son.

State supervisor for home-economics education: Agnes Saunders.

PROVISIONS FOR COOPERATION.

The Federal act was first accepted by the governor. The 1918 session of the legislature formally accepted it. The State board of education was designated by the legislature as the State board for vocational education. An annual appropriation of $5,000 is made for the promotion of vocational education. Expenses for administration may be paid from State funds.

AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION.

For the better part of the year the man in charge of teachertraining work was under the supervision of the State board for 50 per cent of his time, which was devoted to supervision and improvement of teachers in service. Two new schools were added to last year's list of schools aided, and two schools were dropped. The pupils enrolled in vocational classes last year made from directed or supervised practice in agriculture approximately $3,388.70.

The Maryland State College of Agriculture continued to train teachers for the board.

The State board is planning for additional supervision, larger salaries to be paid to teachers of vocational agriculture, teachers' conferences, and the thorough coordination of their work with that of technical instruction available at the State agricultural college and experiment station. Such plans carried out will greatly add to the effectiveness and extension of the vocational work.

HOME-ECONOMICS EDUCATION.

The supervision of home economics was conducted by a member of the staff of the State college who worked under the direction of the State board for 50 per cent of her time. In 1917-18 one department in a high school was of approved standard; this year five departments of high schools with an enrollment of 205 students were approved. The teachers of these schools have the equivalent of at least a two-year course in home economics and most of them have had two years of practical experience. The State agricultural college was approved for the training of teachers of home economics. As this institution has only recently been made coeducational, no teachers have yet been trained, although it has a well-equipped department, and provision for practice teaching and for supervised home management have been made.

TRADE AND INDUSTRIAL EDUCATION.

With evening schools established in 7 centers, including 45 classes and 1 all-day unit trade school, the State is beginning to make satisfactory progress in her trade and industrial program. No part-time classes have been organized. The success of the above program has been largely dependent upon adequate supervision within the State. No regular instructor-training classes were organ

ized during the year. Shipyard instructors met for 8 or 10 lectures and a discussion of problems of a teacher-training character. The State is largely engaged in the manufacture of clothing, iron and steel products, shipbuilding, and chemical products.

Most of these plants are located in cities of over 25,000 population. A study of the relative number of evening, part-time, and all-day classes indicates that more attention could well be given to parttime instruction. A preliminary investigation of the shipbuilding industry and fertilizer manufacturing was carried on by the State supervisor. The purpose of these investigations was to determine whether a field for training existed and the kind of training to be given. The survey has not yet been completed to a degree which will warrant final recommendations being made.

REGION NO. 2.

VIRGINIA.

Membership of State board: Harris Hart, State superintendent of public instruction; Westmoreland Davis, governor; John R. Saunders, attorney general; James M. Page, professor of mathematics; Henry C. Ford, professor of Latin; J. E. Williams, professor of mathematics; B. E. Copenhaver, county superintendent of schools; F. M. Martin, city superintendent of schools; William R. Smithey, secretary State board.

Executive officer: Harris Hart, State superintendent of public instruction, Richmond.

State director for vocational education: None.

State supervisor for agricultural education: Thomas D. Eason. State supervisor for home-economics education: Edith Baer. State supervisor for trade and industrial education: Raymond V. Long.

PROVISIONS FOR COOPERATION.

The Federal act was accepted by proclamation of the governor dated March 28, 1917. The 1918 session of the State legislature in an act approved on April 9 formally accepted the provisions of the Federal act. The State board of education is designated as the State board for vocational education. The 1918 session of the State legislature provided the sum of $64,460 for the promotion of vocational education for the year 1919-20. State funds are available for the State board for the expenses of supervision and administration.

AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION.

A full-time State supervisor of agriculture is employed. During the year 33 schools were organized, an increase of 65 per cent over the previous year. There were 313 boys and 7 girls enrolled for vocational agricultural instruction. The enrolled pupils in 1917-18 made from directed or supervised practice in agriculture $9,295.89.