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as oranges, figs, limes, &c. The number of persons employed in agriculture by the last census is 53,941.

Manufactures and Commerce.-From the nature of the country, and its large quantity of exportable produce, there is very little manufacturing in Louisiana; and it will always continue to be a fine field for the disposal of the products of the manufacturing districts. New Orleans is now a valuable market for the manufactures of Pennsylvania, New-York, and the New England states; as well as for several manufacturing districts in the western country. The number of persons represented as employed in manufactures, by the last census, is 6041, but they are chiefly mechanics.

Louisiana will always have an extensive commerce.— New Orleans being the market for the surplus exportable produce, not only of the state, but of the great body of the western country, the mercantile transactions are of course very great; and they will annually increase. In 1821 the exports amounted to $7,381, 132, of which $7,016,559 was domestic produce; and the quantity sent to the northern states was very great. The exports from Louisiana, of its own produce, are chiefly cotton and sugar; and of the upper country, flour, corn, and other grain, and provisions. The number of persons employed in commerce in 1820 was 6251.

Cities, Towns, and Villages.-New Orleans, the chief city, and seat of government, has been described. The other towns are unimportant, and the population is not given in the census. We shall notice them in order, as they are situated on the principal water courses.

On the Mississippi. Donaldsonville is situated on the west side, at the outlet of Lafourche River, ninety miles above New Orleans. Baton Rouge is situated on the east side, 137 miles above New Orleans, and is a thriving set

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tlement. St. Francisville is situated on the east side of the river, one hundred and sixty-two miles above New Orleans.

On Iberville River and Lake Pontchartrain.

Galveston

is situated on Iberville River, between Lake Pontchartrain and the Mississippi. Madisonville is situated on the north side of Lake Pontchartrain, on Chefuncti River, two miles from its outlet. The United States government has established a navy yard near it, and being on the great thoroughfare from the state of Tennessee, by General Jackson's road, it will probably become a place of considerable importance.

On Red River. Alexandria is situated on the south-west bank, fifty miles from the Mississippi, and is a flourishing settlement. Natchitoches is the most remote town in the United States. It is situated on the S. W. bank of the river, 60 miles above Alexandria. It is an old settlement, having been established by the Spaniards in 1717. Monroe is situated on the east bank of Wachita River, about 90 miles N. W. of Natches.

Opelousas, the capital of Opelousas county, is situated 270 miles north-west from New Orleans, and is a thriving place.

St. Martinsville is situated on the west side of Teche River, nine miles above New Iberia, and, being in the centre of a well cultivated and productive country, it carries on a considerable trade.

New Iberia is beautifully situated on the west side of Teche River, at the head of schooner navigation, and is in a flourishing state.

Roads, Canals, and Public Improvements.-The rivers and bayous in this country serve in a great measure both as roads and canals. Among the greatest improvements ever made in any country we may reckon the levees on

the banks of the Mississippi. These are embankments to prevent the river from overflowing its banks during the periodical floods, and they serve, at the same time, for good roads. The principal levee on the east side runs from a little below Baton Rouge to Fort Plaquemine, a distance of more than 200 miles, and there are occasional levees above. On the west side the levee extends from opposite Fort Plaquemine as far as the settlements.

Government and Laws.-The present constitution was formed in 1812, and is legislative, executive, and judiciary. The legislative power is vested in a senate and house of representatives. The senators are elected for four years, and one-fourth vacate their seats annually. A senator must hold landed estate to the value of $1000 in the district which he represents. The representatives are chosen for two years, and each must possess landed property to the value of $500 in the district for which he is chosen. The executive power is vested in a governor, who is elected for four years by the people, and is ineligible for the next succeeding four years. He must be possessed of property in his own right of landed estate, to the value of $5000.He has the power of appointment, with the advice and consent of the senate. It is a part of his duty to visit the different counties once in two years to inspect their actual condition. The judiciary power is vested in a supreme court, and such inferior courts as the legislature may establish, and the judges hold their offices during good behaviour. The elective franchise is vested in all free white male citizens of the United States, of 21 years and upwards, who have resided in the counties in which they. vote, one year, and have within six months preceding the election, paid taxes.

Education and Manners.-Since the adoption of the present constitution, the government has paid great attention

to education, which has made rapid progress of late years. The population being very mixed, have assumed no general character, but they are represented as gay, brave, and very hospitable, with an ardent glow of patriotism, which was made manifest by their gallant conduct during the time of the invasion of their country.

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Boundaries.-On the north, Kentucky and Virginia; east, North Carolina; south, Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi; west, Arkansas territory and Missouri.

Face of the Country.-The eastern part of Tennessee is mountainous, but interspersed with beautiful and fertile valleys. To the westward, the country is a high table land, gently undulating in some places, and in others swelling out into considerable ridges. Near the Mississippi it is more level.

Mountains.-An elevated well-defined ridge forms the boundary between Tennessee and North Carolina. To the west of this the country is variegated with hills and valleys for about 80 miles, to the Cumberland Mountain; which runs south-west nearly 50 miles, then due west about 50 more; it then again changes to a south-west course, and terminates near Huntsville, in the state of Alabama.

Rivers. The two principal streams, Tennessee and Cumberland Rivers, were described in the general viewa few of the tributary branches may be mentioned in this place.

The principal branches falling into Cumberland River, in Tennessee, are Obed's River, Caney Fork, Stone's River, Harpeth River, and Red River.

The principal branches composing and falling into the Tennessee, are Powel's River, Clinch River, Holston River, Nolachucky, Tennessee Proper, Emery's River, Hiwassee River, Segualchee River, Elk River, and Duck River.

Clinch River rises in Virginia, on the east side of the Cumberland Mountain, and running a south-west course, about 210 miles, it unites with Holston River at Kingston. It is navigable with boats above 150 miles.

Holston River rises in Virginia, about 20 miles from the head of Clinch River, and runs nearly parallel with that stream, to where they unite. It is upwards of 210 miles long, and is navigable for 70 miles. Near its source there is a fall of 40 feet.

Nolachucky River rises in the mountains in North Carolina, and runs north-west about 50 miles; it then turns south-west, and, at the distance of between 20 and 30 miles, unites with French Broad River.

French Broad River rises also among the mountains of North Carolina, and runs a north-west course of nearly 80 miles, to where it unites with the Nolachucky. The united streams run west about 30 miles and fall into the Holston, four miles above Knoxville.

Hiwassee River rises near the southern boundary of the state, and after running a north-west course of about 70 miles, falls into the Tennessee 10 miles below Washington.

Duck River rises near the Cumberland Mountain, and runs a north-westwardly course of nearly 140 miles, and falls into Tennessee River 50 miles above the Kentucky state line.

There are four considerable streams falling into the

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