Grasslands Ecology: A Symposium

Africa Alaska alpine tundras animals annual Arctic Arctic Tundra areas average beach ridges Bison Bliss Brysonima buffalo burning Carex caribou climate coast coastal conifers Costin Curatella Curatella americana cushion plants Devon Island dominated dry season Dryas Dryas integrifolia ecological ecosystem Eriophorum evapotranspiration extinct fauna Festuca fire flora forage forest g/mē GEOSCIENCE glacial grass grazing habitat heath herbfields herbivores herbs herds High Arctic hunters Indian Jour kmē Lake lands lemming lichens major mammals mangrove marshes Mexico mosses mountain musk ox native nitrogen North America northern numbers occur peat percent plains plant cover Pleistocene Polar Desert pollen population prairie production protein rainfall range Rupununi Salix arctica sedge meadows sedges shrubs slopes snow soils southern Spartina species summer swamps tall temperature Texas tidal tion Toxodon trees tropical savanna Truelove Lowland tussock grasslands ungulates Univ upland Valley vascular plants vegetation wetlands winter woodland woody zone