when he diftinguished himself. He alfo affifted during an engagement when the Marechal d'Aumont, having obtained the advantage over a Spanish general, caned him after he had become his prifoner, under pretence that he himself had been treated in the fame manner by the enemy!

Soon after this, the regiment of Longurville was fent into winter quarters at Rheims, and twenty. companies of it were disbanded. In 1636, our author retired from the fervice to his eftate at Boscferei at the age of forty one having been born in 1613.

We shall finish this article with a quotation from the conclufion of the volume now before us.

"After ;his period, I attended to nothing except my own affairs, and thofe of my friends, when they were pleafed to crave my afliftance. Notwithstanding my efforts to live on good terms with my neighbours, I have had fome differences with them, relative to the quartering of troops, and hunting, but without ever overftepping the bounds of reafon or of justice at the fame time conducting myfelf with firmness in regard to thofe who pretended by their eftates, their plates or other intrinfic advantages, to affect a fuperiority over me, having always taken precedence of fuch whether counts or burgeffes. and infifted that my wife fhould follow my example. In respect to gentlemen in general, 1 have confidered none of that rank my fuperior, fo i myself would never treat any fuch as my inferior.

"The only uneafinefs experienced by me during my retirement, pro. ceeded from the ill health of my wife, and the difproportion of my fortune to the number of my chil dren. I could not find from my heart, however, to diminish the numwer of our domefties, or to change

4

many

"On the 2d of November, 16:8, I was expofed to great danger, by the rafhness of a fervant, who wounded the commandant of a troop of cavalry, while pillaging the cottage of a neighbour. In 1659, my wife being once more pregnant, was feined with a pleurify, and was foon after delivered of a daughter: both mother and child died upon the occa fion, and was fo afflicted with my lofs, that my fituation became truly pitiable. Being unable to remain in a house that recalled fo loffes to my memory. I repaired to Conches where I refided until the fummer of 1650, when perceiving that my afflictions were every where equally great, I returned to Boscferei with children. my I lived there, fad and mournful, without any other confolation than the annual celebration of the death of my dearly beloved fpoufe, at Thuistignel, and in 1 haye my chapel of Boscferei caufed two tombs to be erected, close to each other, in the choir of the parish church of Thuitsignel,, near to my own pew, one over the fpot where repofes the remains of the belt most cherished, and most r gretted of wives; the other is deftined for myfélf, and I have already caufed an epitaph to be engraved, which only wants the day and year of my death to render it complete."

The afflictions of M. de Campion having rendered life iafupportable, he died May 11, 166, at the age of fifty-one years and three months.

"Effai fur la Vie du Grand Condè, par Louis Jofeph de Bourbon Condé, fon quatrime defcendant."— An Effay on the Life of the Great

Conde, by Louis Jofeph de Bourbon Conde, the fourth in defcent from him.

"A travers mille foux, je vois Condê paraitre

Tour à tour la terreur et l'appui de

fon mâitre."

Notwithstanding the many lives that have already appeared of Conde, one of his great grandfons, about forty years fince, undertook to write a new memoir concerning this celebrated man. His own archieves prefented the most authentic fources of information, and as to the authenticity of the manufcript itself, the Editor afferts, that he poffeffes two copies, one of them with marginal notes, in the hand-writing of Louis XV.

Louis de Bourbon, the fecond of that name, at firft Duke d'Enghien. and then Prince de Condê, was born at Paris on the 7th of September, 1621. It is greatly to be regretted, that history has not been more fuccefsful, in collecting the occur rences of his infancy; as we know not whether any traits of the future hero ware developed at any early period of life. He was educated under the title of the Duc d'Enghien, at Bourges where his father at that time lived, and where the Jefuits of that city had a college.

The only diftinction paid to him above that of the fame clafs, was, that he fat in an arm chair. The facility with which he learned his task, and the quickness of his pro grefs discovered a mind and talents well adapted to study. At eight years of age, we are told, he was acquainted with Latin; at eleven he compofed a treatise on rhetoric, and fuftained his thesis in philofophy with great fuccefs.

On leaving Bourges, to pafs a few weeks of the fummer months at the castle of Montrond, which appertained to his father, the latter enjoined him never to write in any other language but Latin. As he feemed to have taken too great a liking at this period to the chace, the Prince of Condé, fearing leaft his paffion fhould avert his mind from his ftudies, transmitted him orders to fend away his dogs. He obeyed next morning, and, in a letter addreffed to his parent frankly acknowledged that he had followed this amufement with too much ardour.

The duke d'nghien having repaired to Burgundy, during the fiege of Dole which had been undertaken under the conduct of the Prince de Cond, he on this occafion appears, for the firit time, to have conceived an attachment for war..

"How I long fays his highnefs) to repair to your camp in order to attend on your perfon, and participate in your cares. I read with pleafure the heroic actions of our kings in hiftory; and on bebolding fuch admirable examples, I feel a holy ambition to imitate them: but it is at prefent fufficient to be a boy, and te poffefs no other will but your's."

The duke d'Enghien, we are told, was introduced into the world" at the birth of Louis XIV. and the commencement of the epoch which that monarch created." He was received with all the diftinction which an aimable young man, of a noble figure, and elevated rank, ever inspires. But he was extremely mortified from his first appearance at court, on account of the astonishing power enjoyed by Richelieu, the fplendour which furrounded him, and the unexampled degree of pomp which this minifler dared to affect,

even in the fight of his fovereign. It generally became neceflary for his father to iffue a written order before he could be prevailed on to vifit the prelate, and at seventeen years of age this was the greatest proof that he could give of his obedience.

The princefs his mother deemed it dangerous for her fon to be un ceafingly occupied with a fight of that difpofition, which appeared fo revolting to his youthful and haughty mind. She endeavoured, therefore, to turn his attention from what was pafing at court by affembling around her the most illuftrious and fel & fociety; and fhe alfo conducted him to the hotel de Rambouillet, where at that period were collected the high eft orders of the nobility of both fexes, together with the most en lightened men of letters. The young prince conducted himself on these occafions with the greateft propriety, and a tafte for the arts and fciences feemed to be the first step towards his glory, as it was defined, indeed, to be one day the term and the recompence of all his labours."

In 1639, the prince of Condé fent his son to command in Burgundy, and he made his firit campaign under the infpection of the Marthal de la Meillerye. On his return (on the 1. th of February, 1641,) he, at his father's exprefs requeft, was married to Claire Clement de Maillé Breze, niece to the cardinal-minister, whom he fo much detefted.

After this he performed prodigies of valour, at the fieges of Collioure, Perpignan and Salces. On his way home, he paffed through Lyons, and neglected to vifit the archbishop of that city, who was the brother of Richelieu." The imperious minifter immediately complained to the Prince de Condé, and infifted that he should fend his for back again,

for the fole purpofe of repairing an ommiffion which was fo difpleafing to him. The cardinal was at once powerful and implacable; the prince idolized his fon: nature fpoke on this occafion. and pride was forced to he filent.

On the demife of Richlieu, foon after the houfe of Condê immediately claimed its birth right, and infifted, at the fame time, that the princes of the blood royal should erijoy that precedency over individuals, which had been denied them during the life of his eminence. Louis XIII. immediately declared the Prince de Condé the head of his council, and at the fame time conferred on the Duke d'Enghien the command of the army which was deftined to cover Champagne and Picardy. While marching to the fuccour of Rocri, his highness learned that the king was no more, and there were not wanting fome whờ advised him to abandon the defence of the frontiers, in order to march to Paris immediately with his army, that he might there regulate the regency, according to his own inclinations. Rejecting fuch a perfidious advice, he hattened to relieve a town befieged by the enemy. chieving this, he obtained the Marcchal de l'Hofpitals confent to give battle, and the Spaniards were vanquished at Rocroi.

"On this occafion the Duke d'Eughien fell on his knees at the head of his army, in order to return thanks to the God of Battles, for the victory which he had just gained. He then embraced all his generals, paying them at the fame time many compliments, and also promifing re compences of a more substantial nature. During this famous action, which coft only 2000 men to France, the Spaniards loft more than 16000,

men, pieces of artillery, 300 ftandards, and a great number of officers, among whom was the brave Count Fuentès, whofe cool valour bad nearly proved fo fatal to France, and who expired by the fide of the litter on which he had been carri ed."

The next exploit was the fiege of Thionville, captured in 1648, and which rendered the conqueror maf ter of the Mofelle after this, hẹ returned to Paris, where he was received with uncommon degree of dif tination.

In 1044, the duke commanded a body of troops in the country of Lux emburg, and projected the siege of Treves, but this meafure was rejected by the court, from which he received orders to march to the banks of the Rhine, and join the army commanded by M. de Turenne. A Fribourg, they attacked General Merci in conjunction, and it was on this occafion, that the Duke, dif mounting from his horfe, and placing himself at the head of the regiment of Conti, advanced towards the entrenchments of the enemy, into which he threw his baton or staff of office, which proved the fignal of victory. A new action took place the next day and the fuceefs would have been till more complete, had it not been for the precipitation of d' spénan, one of the generals under his com. mand: Merci, however thought proper to retire, and was clofely purfued during his retreat.

On his return to court, the duke performed actions of another kind, lefs brilliant indeed, but affuredly no lefs meritorious. The Count de Chabot loved Mademoiselle de Rohan, and was beloved by her in return; their unjon, however experienced fome difficulties, which were entirely removed by our young hero, who obtained for him the rank of

duke and peer. The Chancellor Scignier was irritated beeaufe the Marchionefs de Coislin, his daughter bad espoused M. de Laval, without asking his leave the duke took it upon himself to appease the offended parent, and fucceeded.→ The duke de Chatillon was enamoured with Mademoiselle de Boutteville, and wifhed to marry her: the young D'Enghein. on this occafion, facrificed his own paflion in behalf of his friend, and not only brought about an alliance, but fcrupulously refpected thofe ties which he himfelf had formed.

In 646, Cardinal Mazarin conferred on the Luke d'Enghien the command of the army of Italy; but as his father objected to fuch a diftant expedition, Prince Thomas of Savoy was fent thither in his place. He then offered of his own accord, to ferve under Gafton, Duke of Orléans, in Flanders, and make head against the uke of Lorraine in the field, while the commander in chief laid fiege to Tournay.

con

Soon after this, he invefted Duokirk, and the Marquis de Leede with the garrifon was at length prevailed upon to furrender, on ditions that they should enjoy all the honours of war. Amidst this career of victory, he left his father, Henry de Bourbon, third Prince of Conde on the 25th of December, and on his death fucceeded to the titles of the firft prince of the blood, chief the of council of regeney, grand master of France, and governor of the proviaces of Burgundy and Berry. Im

ediately he called himself, and was known by the appellation of, M. le Prince.

Io 1647 he placed himfelf at the head of the army of Catalonia': but on his arrival at Barcelona, he found it' destitute of artillery, money and magazines. On the 27th of May,

Condé opened the trenches before Lerida, to the found of violins," but the obftinate defence made by André Brilt obliged him foon after to raise the fiege.

On his return to court, he expreffed his difcontent to the cardinal, who in his turn renewed his proteftation of devotion and refpect, and at the fame time made him an offer of the command of whatever army he might please to choose.

The

In 1648, commenced thofe diftur bances. which are known in history by the title of "the war of the Fronde." We are here told, "that the injuftice of Cardinal Mazarin, added to the vexatious conduct of the fuperintendant Emery, his crea ture, in a fhort time, produced an univerfal fpirit of difcontent. people groaned under exceffes and impofts; the parliament became agitated; the grandees murmured; intrigues of every kind augmented; the Fronde was formed; the famous arret of union was agreed on; the prime minifter began to be afraid, he difplayed his weakness and was more ofely preffed than ever; the heads. of all got warm; the flame cxtended on every fide, and at length became general.

Meanwhile, the prince repaired to Picardy, at the head of an army confifting of 30,000 men, determined to commence the campaign with the. fiege of Ypres, which was forced to Surrender notwithstanding the appearance of the arch duke. On this he engaged that general on the plains of Lens, and after reminding his foldiers of the action st Rocroi, Friborg, and Nordlingen, obtained fignal and decifive victory, with the lafs of only 500 men. On the other hand,according to the account before us, the enemy loft 10,000 foldiers, Soo officers, 120 pair of colours, 38.

pieces of cannon, and all their baggage.

"It would appear (fays his defcendant, to have been referved for the good fortune of the Great Condé not only to conquer, but even to deftroy the mostformidable enemy of France to annihilate in less than than two hours an army; and fave an empire: fuch was the triumph of this hero.

"This decifive and unexpected fuccefs, (adds he) feemed calculated to enfure the conqueft of the Low Countries; but fo great was the fermentation within the kingdom, that the queen fent orders to the prince to terminate thecampaign immediately. Before he obeyed, however, it was determined to obtain poffeffion of Furnes, and the Marshal de Rant zon was accordingly entrusted with the fiege of that place. But he not acquitting himself to the fatisfaction of the prince, his highnefs himself repaired thither, and, while in the trenches received a mufket ball, which luckily, produced no more than a flight contufion in the hip. His prefence, however, decided the fate of the town, for it immediately furrendered; on which he fet off for

court.

"Services fo important deferved a diftinguished return. The queen therefore by letters patent dated in December 1649, conferred in the molt honourable manner, the fovereignty of Clermentois, to be enjoyed by him and his fucceffors, with all the rights and privileges apper. taining thereto; a fpecies of recom. pence equally worthy of the atchive ments of a great general, and the gratitude of a great king."

On his return to the capital. the Prince of Condé was courted by all parties; but he appeared determined from the very beginning to appertain to neither of the factions, On the