22. Explain the difference between [subordinate and coördinate propositions.

23. What is meant by a compound sentence?

24. State the relations in which the propositions of a compound sentence stand to each other.

25. By what conjunctions are these relations connected in each case?

26. Point out, or write, compound sentences containing examples of each relation.

PROSODY.

Prosody is that part of grammar which treats of the pronunciation of words. It includes tone, accent, and metre, with the study of the laws of versification.

Tone is the sound of the vowel which distinguishes every syllable in a word.

A tone may be long, as in 'beauty;' or short, as in 'propěr.'

6

Accent is the stress laid on some syllable or syllables of a word. The above examples, 'beauty' and proper,' are both accented on the first syllable; they agree in the accent, but differ in the tone of the accented syllable. Again, the words 'before' and 'dětect' agree in both being accented on the second syllable, but differ in the tone of that syllable; it being long in the former (before), and short in the latter (dětect).

Monosyllables may be either accented or unaccented; as,

'To thee I call, and add thy name, O Sun!'

This line of Milton's is made up of monosyllables; but the words 'to,' 'I,' 'and,' 'thy,' and 'O,' are unaccented; whilst thee,' call,' 'add,' 'name,' and 'sun,' are accented.

6

EXERCISE.

Underline all the accented, and doubly underline all the unaccented monosyllables in the following lines and

sentences.

The way was long, the wind was cold.'

My ships come home a month before the day.'

'Do all men kill the things they do not love?'

'Blow, blow, thou winter wind;
Thou art not so unkind

As man's ingratitude:

Thy tooth is not so keen,

Because thou art not seen,

Although thy breath be rude.'

I shall come to see you. What will you do? Do you wish me to sing? They gave him some bread. Tell the man to come at once. See what I have bought you! He sent this work to his friend.

the first who sailed in those seas.

They were

In many cases, the difference of the part of speech between two words is marked by the accent alone; both being spelled in the same way, but the one being accented differently from the other. This occurs most frequently in words of two syllables. The noun or adjective is accented on the first, and the verb on the second, syllable. Such are, ábsent' (ADJ.), absént' (VERB), 'cóllect' (NOUN), colléct❜ (VERB).

6

6

6

EXERCISE.

Let the learner accent all the words in italics in the

following sentences :—

'Mercy is an attribute of God himself.'

History

records many of his great actions. The convicts were

gained many advanThe room was filled

transported. He effected a transfer of his property. William's sons rebelled against him. The records were lost in the fire. They continually insult us. He frequents low company. The vessel is now used as a transport. This poem is attributed to Homer. They torment every one on this subject. A survey was made of the house and grounds. The convicts were condemned to transportation. His friends desert him. Make some extracts from that work. We shall resent these insults. The men surveyed the estate. I shall transfer my right to my brother. The rebels tages. They refuse to help us. with perfume. The English export iron. Extract the root of that number. This is a frequent occurrence. I do not object. He fell in the conflict. His conduct is praiseworthy. He was subjected to the most fearful torments. The contest will be soon decided. They concert together. They conduct themselves well. 'Let's not consort with them.' A concert will be given to-morrow. He spoke with a foreign accent. There is a strong contrast between them. The exports are greatly increased. The nation was in a ferment. They offer incense to their gods. The Prince Consort received the deputation. He will contest the election. Accent the word on the first syllable. Contrast your present with your former life. The air was perfumed with the linden blossom. He made me a present. The refuse of the kitchen was thrown to the dogs.

ON METRICAL FEET.

The divisions or feet (as they are called) of an English verse, are either dissyllabic or trisyllabic.

Dissyllables must be accented on the first syllable, as in 'beauty;' or on the second, as in 'amóng.'

DISSYLLABIC FEET.

6

1. A foot of two syllables, accented on the first, is called a trochee; as, lábour,' ' coínage,' &c.1 2. A foot of two syllables, accented on the second, is called an iambus; as, 'because,'' secúre,' &c. 2

EXERCISE.

Underline all the trochees, and doubly underline all the iambuses in the following lines and sentences.

It was a common practice among the ancient Romans. On the junction of the armies, they prepared for battle. He briefly explained the matter. By patience and attention, he acquired much knowledge. The affair was managed with great prudence. During his absence, they preserved silence. The river, gently stealing through the meadows, fertilized the whole country. He is always busy. He has a complete set of fossils. I have no further remarks to make on the subject.

TRISYLLABIC FEET.

6

1. A foot of three syllables, accented on the first, is called a dactyl; as, mérrily,' 'póssible,' &c.3

1 Trochee, from the Greek Tpoxaîos (trochaios), running, moving rapidly.

2 Iambus, from the Greek taußos (iambus).

3 Dactyl, from the Greek dáктuxos (dactylus), a finger.