Apes and Angels: The Irishman in Victorian Caricature

agitation American angels Anglo-Saxon animal apes appeared became British called Camper caricature carried cartoonists cartoons Celtic character chin classes color comic artists comic weeklies common compared contained criminal December depicted differences drawing drawn drew Dublin early edition editor effect England English ethnic example Expression eyes faces facial angle Fenian figure forces Frankenstein George George Cruikshank given gorilla hair hand History Home Rule human humor Illustrated images Ireland Irish Celts Irishmen James Gillray January John Journal Land League later less London look lower March measured mental mention mouth nationalist nature Negroes nineteenth century nose O'Hea Origin Paddy period physical physiognomy political popular produced prognathous published Puck Punch races represented respectable reveal Saxon Scottish seen simian society stereotype Tenniel Thomas traits turned Victorian volume York