such a disagreeable notoriety. He should labor to give his own corps as high a reputation for good conduct as the foot-soldier. He should not allow himself to be excelled in propriety by the infantry-man.

169. The arms and accoutrements of cavalry, being more numerous and subject to more wear and tear, require more labor and attention than those of infantry, but should not for that reason be any more neglected. This care is equally important, and the beneficial results of cleanliness and order are quite as satisfactory, as in any other arm.

170. Every article that is issued to the man has its use and importance. The articles should be frequently overhauled, and kept in repair. The sabre should be kept sharp, the arms clean and in order, the ammunition close and compact, to prevent rubbing, and secure against moisture. The straps should be kept repaired, well cleaned and oiled. The nose-bag and lariat-rope are not sufficiently appreciated. The health of the horse is dependent upon his being taught to eat his feed from the nose-bag, as feeding from the ground causes the horse to take up with his food great quantities of gravel and sand, thereby injuring his digestion. The lariat-rope is important for the purposes of forage-either for the transportation of forage, or picketing the horse out at night to enable him to graze, the opportunity for which should never be neglected.

171. An important article is a forage-bag, made

like a saddle-bag with a slit in it. It should be at least a yard long and a foot wide, in which to earry one or two feeds, so that accident or delay will not deprive the horse of his regular feed. It can be readily made by any soldier out of an ordinary grain-sack.

THE ARTILLERY SOLDIER.

172. In our service, Artillery is divided into Artillery Proper, Light Artillery, and Heavy Artillery.

173. ARTILLERY PROPER, sometimes called FOOT ARTILLERY, OF FIELD ARTILLERY, is divided into batteries, manned by one company, and provided with four, six, or eight guns, according to the strength of the company.

174. The battery is divided into sections, two pieces making a section, commanded by the lieutenants, or, in their absence, by the ranking sergeants. The sergeants are usually assigned to the different guns, and are called Chiefs of Piece. The gunners are usually taken from the corporals.

175. The men, except the drivers and chiefs of piece, are dismounted, and ride on the caissons and limbers, or march in order by the side of the carriages. They are sometimes armed with pistols or cutlasses, or both.

176. LIGHT ARTILLERY, Sometimes called HORSE ARTILLERY, is similar to foot artillery, except that all the men are mounted, thus uniting the duties of cavalry with artillery.

177. HEAVY ARTILLERY is generally used for garrisoning forts and intrenched places, where the armament is composed of guns of greater calibre than field-pieces. In the field, they generally have charge of the siege-train. The troops are usually armed, equipped, and drilled as infantry, in addition to their duties with the large guns.

178. The artillery soldier is expected to be more or less familiar with all the duties expected of cavalry and infantry, as in field-batteries they have a similar care of horses, and in heavy artillery they are required to perform all the duties required of infantry, at times. He is required to know all about guard-duties. They are not, however, required to do as much outpost, fatigue, or picket duty, and only in the absence of the proper troops for such duty.

179. The peculiarities with which an artillery soldier in a field-battery must familiarize himself, in addition to most of the duties of cavalry and infantry, is the care of guns and harness, and especially the ammunition. He should understand well the principles in firing, and the peculiarities of the particular gun and the ammunition used in the battery.

180. During the firing, he must learn to be com

posed, and guard against being confused by the noise of the cannon and the commotion among the horses. He must use his eyes, as well as his ears, and watch his own piece and the workings of his companions.

181. Where pieces are massed close together, he is apt to mistake the firing of an adjoining piece for his own; and many a man has been killed or injured by jumping in at the command "load" at an adjoining piece, just as his own gunner gave the command "fire." To prevent the hearing from being injured by the concussion, the ears may be protected by a little cotton. The shock is also lessened by keeping the mouth open.

182. No. 3, who tends the vent, should be particularly careful to keep it closed and air-tight. This is necessary whilst sponging, to assist in extinguishing any remains of the cartridge that may be on fire in the chamber, and whilst loading, to prevent the fire from igniting the cartridge. He should not remove his thumb from the vent until every cannoneer is clear of the piece.

183. No. 4 should observe that every man is clear of the piece before he fires.

184. No. 2 should observe that No. 3 has the vent well closed when he inserts the cartridge. He should be careful to insert the cartridge correctly. The bottom should go in first, and the seam on the side.

185. No. 5 should keep the cartridge in the ammunition-pouch until he delivers it to No. 2.

186. The gunner and the chief of piece should attend closely and see that the cannoneers do not neglect any of the above instructions, and the men at the limber and caissons should keep the boxes open as little as possible. Each cannoneer should be familiar with all the duties of each post, so that they may be replaced.

187. All the cannoneers should be perfectly familiar with all the different kinds of ammunition, their uses and application, and where they are to be found. They should understand the uses of the implements in the ammunition-chest; how to spike a gun, and how to remove a spike; how to blow up ammunition-chests, and render artillery unserviceable temporarily and permanently. The greater the extent to which the soldier carries this kind of knowledge, in addition to his other duties, the more serviceable will he be, and the greater will be his chances for promotion.

188. HEAVY ARTILLERY, in addition to a knowledge of the ammunition and implements of gunnery, requires a practical knowledge of the forces and appliances for handling and moving heavy guns. This kind of information is not easily acquired from books; and, moreover, the appliances that may be available at one time may not be on hand at another; and tact for applying make-shifts is an essential qualification.