that purpose by some officer appointed by the sanitary authority, and has been duly registered, and unless the name of the person as the keeper of the house be entered in the register. When, however, the person registered dies, his widow, or any member of his family, may without being registered as the keeper, keep the house as a common lodging house for not more than four weeks after his death. (14 & 15 Vict. c. 28. s. 8.; 16 & 17 Vict. c. 41. s. 3.)

The sanitary authority may refuse to register as the keeper a person who does not produce to them a certificate of character in such form as they direct, signed by three inhabitant householders reepectively rated to the poor rate of the parish, within which the house is situate for property of the rateable value of six pounds or upwards. (16 & 17 Vict. c. 41. s. 4.)

A copy of the entry in the register certified as a true copy by the person having the charge of the register is received on all occasions as evidence, and as sufficient proof of the matters registered, without production of the register or of any document on which the entry is founded. Every person applying at a reasonable time must be furnished gratis by the person having charge of the registers with a certified copy of the entry. (16 & 17 Vict. c. 41. s. 5.)

Reports as to Vagrants.

The person having the care or management of a common lodging house in which beggars or vagrants are received to lodge, if ordered by the sanitary authority, must report to them, or to the person whom they direct, in schedules furnished by the sanitary authority, and when filled up transmitted to them, every person who resorted to the house during the preceding day or night. (16 & 17 Vict. c. 41. s. 8.)

Inspection.

Every person having the care or management of a common lodging house at all times when required by any officer of the sanitary authority, must give him free access to the house or any part of it.

The restrictions of The Public Health Act, 1848, as to hours of entry* do not apply to the Common Lodging Houses Acts. (14 & 15 Vict. c. 28. ss. 12 & 16.)

Cleansing.

The keeper of a common lodging house must thoroughly cleanse all the rooms, passages, stairs, floors, windows, doors, walls, ceilings, privies, cesspools, and drains as often as required by any regulation or byelaw of the sanitary authority and to their satisfaction. He must also limewash the walls and ceilings sufficiently and to the satisfaction of the sanitary authority in the

* See p. 75.

first week of April and October in every year. (14 & 15 Vict. c. 28. s. 13.)

See also Scavenging and Cleansing, p. 55; and Infectious Diseases and Hospitals, p. 111.

Sick Lodgers.

When a person in the house is ill of fever or any infectious or contagious disease, the keeper must give immediate notice to the sanitary authority, or some officer of that authority, and also to the poor law medical officer and the relieving officer of the union or parish in which the house stands. (14 & 15 Vict. c. 28. s. 11.)

The sanitary authority may cause the sick person to be removed to an hospital or infirmary, with the consent of the authorities, and on the certificate of the district medical officer that the disease is infectious or contagious, and that the patient may be safely removed. The sanitary authority may also cause any clothes or bedding used by the sick person to be disinfected or destroyed, and may award to the owners of the clothes and bedding reasonable compensation to be paid by the proper officer of the parish or union in which the house is situate out of the poor rate, the amount of compensation being first certified in writing upon a list of the articles. (16 & 17 Vict. c. 41. s. 7.) See also Infectious Diseases and Hospitals, p. 112.

Water Supply.

Where it appears to them that a common lodging house can be furnished at a reasonable rate with a proper supply of water for the use of the lodgers, the sanitary authority may by notice in writing require the owner or keeper within a time specified therein, to obtain a proper supply, and to do all necessary works. On default and until compliance, the sanitary authority may remove the house from the register. (16 & 17 Vict. c. 41. s. 6.) See also Water Supply, p. 37.

Offences.

If any person having the care or management of a common lodging house offends against any of the provisions of the Common Lodging Houses Acts, or any byelaws or regulation;

If the keeper fails to give the requisite notice where a person in the house is confined to his bed for 48 hours by fever, or any infectious or contagious disease;

The offender is for each offence liable to a penalty not exceeding 5l., and for every day of its continuance to a further penalty not exceeding 40s.

On conviction and in default of payment of the penalty imposed the offender may be imprisoned for any term not exceeding 3 months.

No person is exempt from any liability to which he may be subject irrespectively of the Common Lodging Houses Acts. (14 & 15 Vict. c. 28. s. 14.; 16 & 17 Vict. c. 41. s. 11.)

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The provisions of the Railway Clauses Consolidation Act, 1845, "with respect to the recovery of damages not specially provided for, and of penalties, and to the determination of any "other matter referred to justices," are for the purposes of the Common Lodging Houses Acts incorporated therein. (14 & 15 Vict. c. 28. s. 15.; 16 & 17 Vict. c. 41. s. 2.)

Where a person acting in the care or management of a common lodging house, is convicted of a third offence, the justices may adjudge that he shall not within a period not exceeding five years after the conviction, act in the care or management of a common lodging house without the previous license in writing of the sanitary authority, which license they may withhold or grant on such conditions as they think fit. (16 & 17 Vict. c. 41. s. 12.)

In proceeding under 14 & 15 Vict. c. 28. the burden of proving that the inmates of any house or part of a house are members of the same family lies upon the inmates making that allegation. (29 & 30 Vict. c. 90. s. 41.)

The sanitary authority and justices, constables, and others have full jurisdiction, power, and indemnity for executing the Common Lodging Houses Acts. (14 & 15 Vict. c. 28. s. 16.; 16 & 17 Vict. c. 41. s. 2.)

See also Byelaws, p. 28; and Labouring Classes Lodging Houses, p. 213.

ARTIZANS AND LABOURERS DWELLINGS.

Application of Artizans and Labourers Dwellings Act.

The Artizans and Labourers Dwellings Act* does not apply to any place, the population of which does not according to the Census for the time being in force amount to the number of 10,000 persons. (31 & 32 Vict. c. 130. s. 2.)

Interpretation of Terms.

In the Artizans and Labourers Dwellings Act the following words and expressions have the following meanings, unless excluded by the subject or context:

"Street" includes any court, alley, street, square, or row of houses.

"Premises" means any dwelling house or inhabited building,

and its site, with the yard, garden, outhouses, and appurtenances belonging thereto or usually enjoyed therewith. "Owner," in addition to the definition given by the Lands Clauses Act, includes all lessees or mortgagees of any premises required to be dealt with under this Act, except persons holding or entitled to the rents and profits of the premises for a term of years, of which 21 years do not remain unexpired.

"Person" includes a body of persons, corporate or unincorporate.

"Quarter sessions" includes general sessions.

Where the name of a local authority, local court, magistrate, or officer having any local jurisdiction in respect of their or his office is referred to, without mention of the locality to which the jurisdiction extends, the reference is to be understood to indicate the local authority, local court, magistrate, or officer having jurisdiction in that place within which are situate the premises, &c., to which the reference applies. (31 & 32 Vict. c. 130. s. 3.)

Report on Premises.

The medical officer of health must report to the sanitary authority any premises in the district which he may find to be in a state dangerous to health so as to be unfit for human habitation. (31 & 32 Vict. c. 130. s. 5.; 35 & 36 Vict. c. 79. 8. 11.)

Every report made by the medical officer of health must be in writing and be delivered to the clerk of the sanitary authority.

* 31 & 32 Vict. c. 130.

The sanitary authority must refer the report to a surveyor or engineer, who must thereupon consider it, and report to them what is the cause and the remedy of the evil, and if occasioned by defects in any premises, whether the evil can be remedied by structural alterations and improvements or otherwise, or whether the premises, or any and what part ought to be demolished. (31 & 32 Vict. c. 130. s. 6.)

Procedure after Report.

Upon receipt of the report of the surveyor and engineer the sanitary authority must cause copies of both the 'reports to be given to the owner, with notice of the time and place appointed by them for the consideration of the reports, and the owner may attend and state his objections (if any) to both or either of the reports, including any objection that the necessary works ought to be done by or at the expense of some other person, or at the expense of the parish or district in which the premises are situate. Thereupon the sanitary authority must make an order in writing, signed by their clerk and subject to appeal; and if the objections are overruled, they may cause to be prepared a plan and specification and an estimate of the cost of the necessary works (if any). (31 & 32 Vict. c. 130. s. 7.)

Thereupon the clerk must forth with give notice to the owner, informing him that a plan and specification and estimate have been prepared, and may be inspected and transcribed by him or his agent at the clerk's office. The owner within three weeks after the receipt of the notice may state in writing to the clerk any objection to the plan, specification, and estimate, or any of them, and may attend to support his objections at a time and place to be appointed by the sanitary authority. The sanitary authority must thereupon make such order in relation to the objections as they may think fit; and if they decide upon any alteration in the plan, specification, and estimate, they must cause the alteration to be made accordingly, and the plan and specification and estimate so amended must be those according to which the works are to be executed. (31 & 32 Vict. c. 130. 8. 8.)

Appeal against Order of Sanitary Authority.

Any person aggrieved by any order of the sanitary authority or his agent, may appeal to the court of quarter sessions held next after the making of the order, but the appellant cannot be heard in support of the appeal unless, within one calendar month after the making of the order, he gives to the clerk of the sanitary authority notice in writing of his intention to appeal, with a statement in writing of the grounds of appeal, and within two days after giving the notice, enters into a recognizance before a justice of the peace, with sufficient securities, to try the appeal at the court above mentioned and to abide the order of and pay